CVE-2025-21384: SSRF Vulnerability in Microsoft Azure Health Bot

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is continually evolving, with new threats emerging at a rapid pace. One such threat is the CVE-2025-21384, a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability discovered in Microsoft Azure Health Bot. This particular vulnerability can be exploited by an authenticated attacker to gain elevated privileges over a network. Given the increasing adoption of Microsoft Azure Health Bot across healthcare organizations, the CVE-2025-21384 poses a significant risk to data security and system integrity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-21384
Severity: High (8.3 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: User
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Azure Health Bot | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

This SSRF vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker to send crafted requests from the back-end server of a vulnerable web application. In the case of CVE-2025-21384, the attacker can send malicious requests to Microsoft Azure Health Bot. By manipulating the requests, the attacker can bypass normal access controls, thereby gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data or potentially compromising the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a simplified HTTP request, indicating how an attacker might inject a malicious payload:

POST /api/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: azurehealthbot.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer <attacker’s token>
{ "url": "file:///etc/passwd" }

In this example, the attacker uses their authorization token to send a crafted request to the server. They aim to access a local file (`/etc/passwd`) that should be inaccessible. If successful, this could lead to a leakage of sensitive data or even a system compromise.

Mitigation and Prevention

Users of Microsoft Azure Health Bot are advised to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as possible. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to mitigate the vulnerability. Regular security audits and adherence to best security practices, such as Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP), can also prevent the exploitation of such vulnerabilities.