CVE-2025-28030: Stack Overflow Vulnerability in TOTOLINK A810R Router

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system recently identified a severe security vulnerability, dubbed CVE-2025-28030, in TOTOLINK A810R V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026. This vulnerability poses a significant risk to businesses and individuals using the TOTOLINK A810R router, as it could potentially allow malicious actors to compromise the system or cause data leakage. As such, understanding this vulnerability and implementing necessary mitigation measures is crucial to safeguarding your network and data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28030
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TOTOLINK A810R | V4.1.2cu.5182_B20201026

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability in TOTOLINK A810R arises due to a stack overflow condition in the setParentalRules function. Specifically, the startTime and endTime parameters in the function can be manipulated to exceed the allocated memory space, causing an overflow. This overflow can be exploited by an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the router, leading to system compromise and potentially data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. It involves sending a malicious HTTP request to the vulnerable router.

POST /setParentalRules HTTP/1.1
Host: <router-ip>
Content-Type: application/json
{
"startTime": "10000000000000000000000000...",
"endTime": "10000000000000000000000000..."
}

In this example, the startTime and endTime parameters are filled with an overly large value, triggering the stack overflow vulnerability.

Mitigation and Remediation

The best course of action to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as it is available. If the patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can monitor and block potentially malicious activity, offering some degree of protection until the patch can be applied.
Remember to always keep your systems updated, perform regular security audits, and follow best security practices to minimize the chances of your system being affected by such vulnerabilities.