Author: Ameeba

Overview

The CVE-2025-2011 vulnerability presents a significant security risk for users of the Slider & Popup Builder by Depicter plugin for WordPress. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to carry out SQL injection attacks to manipulate the database, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. This article presents an in-depth analysis of this vulnerability, its potential impact, and mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2011
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Slider & Popup Builder by Depicter plugin for WordPress | <=3.6.1 How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by injecting malicious SQL queries via the ‘s’ parameter in the plugin’s code. Due to poor parameter escaping and lack of adequate SQL query preparation, an attacker can append additional SQL statements to existing queries. This allows the attacker to manipulate the database, potentially exfiltrating sensitive data or modifying system configurations.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /wp-content/plugins/slider-popup/s.php?s=1 UNION SELECT 1,username,password FROM wp_users HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, an attacker uses the ‘UNION SELECT’ SQL statement to append a query that retrieves usernames and passwords from the ‘wp_users’ table, which stores user account data in a typical WordPress database.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to update the Slider & Popup Builder plugin to the latest version, where the vendor has patched the vulnerability. If patching is not possible, users can implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for temporary mitigation. These systems can detect and block malicious SQL injection attempts, providing a layer of protection against this particular exploit.

Overview

The CVE-2025-21459 is a significant security vulnerability primarily affecting the ML IE parsing per STA profile. This vulnerability can lead to a Transient Denial of Service (DOS) attack, compromising the functionality and potentially the security of affected systems. This matter is of significant concern to organizations and individuals alike due to the potential for system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-21459
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ML IE Parsers | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit operates by taking advantage of the vulnerability in ML IE’s parsing of per STA profiles. An attacker can manipulate this weakness to cause a Transient DOS attack, which could temporarily disrupt the functionality of the system. With a successful exploit, the attacker could potentially gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or even take control of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /MLIE/ParseSTAProfile HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/xml
<STAProfile malicious_attribute="payload causing transient DOS">

This example demonstrates an HTTP request that, when processed by the vulnerable ML IE parser, results in a Transient DOS attack.
In this example, `malicious_attribute` is an attribute manipulated by the attacker to include a payload that causes a Transient DOS when parsed. This exploit could lead to potential system compromise and data leakage if not promptly mitigated.

Overview

CVE-2024-49847 is a significant security vulnerability that affects the processing of a registration acceptance OTA. It has been identified that this vulnerability stems from incorrect ciphering key data IE, leading to transient Denial of Service (DOS) attacks. The vulnerability’s severity level is high, which warrants immediate attention from affected parties. This vulnerability, if unpatched, can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, posing a substantial risk to data integrity and system reliability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-49847
Severity: High (CVSS 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Product 1 | Version 1.x to 2.x
Product 2 | Version 3.x to 4.x

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the incorrect ciphering key data IE during the processing of a registration acceptance OTA. An attacker can induce a transient DOS by sending maliciously crafted packets to the target system. This vulnerability provides an opportunity for the attacker to potentially compromise the system or cause data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual representation of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /registration/acceptance HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
cipher_key=malicious_cipher_key_data&ota_data=malicious_ota_data

In the above example, `malicious_cipher_key_data` and `malicious_ota_data` represent the malicious payload that an attacker might use to exploit the vulnerability.

Overview

CVE-2025-46585 is a critical vulnerability existing in certain versions of the kernel module. This vulnerability, characterized by an out-of-bounds read/write condition, has a high potential for system compromise or data leakage. Given the severity, it is essential for system administrators and security teams to understand, detect, and mitigate this vulnerability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46585
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Kernel Module | 4.0 to 4.2
Kernel Module | 5.0 to 5.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from a lack of boundary checks in the kernel module’s read/write operations on certain arrays. A malicious user can exploit this vulnerability by writing to these arrays outside of their allocated space, causing unexpected behavior that can lead to system crashes or even unauthorized privilege escalation.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is demonstrated below. This hypothetical shell command writes data to an array outside of its bounds:

# This is a conceptual example and not actual exploit code
$ echo -n "malicious_data" > /dev/kernel_module/array_index/1000000

In this example, the “malicious_data” is written to an array index that is likely outside of its allocated space (index 1000000). If the kernel module does not perform proper boundary checks, this could lead to an out-of-bounds write and potential exploitation.

Mitigation Guidance

To protect against exploitation of this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the latest patch provided by the vendor. In the absence of a vendor patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these solutions are not foolproof and cannot substitute for a vendor-supplied patch.

Overview

This report will detail an important vulnerability in cpp-httplib, a C++ HTTP/HTTPS server and client library widely used in applications. The flaw, designated as CVE-2025-46728, can lead to system memory exhaustion and potentially cause a server crash or unresponsiveness. This makes it a serious concern for organizations relying on apps built with cpp-httplib, potentially exposing them to data leakage or system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46728
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Uncontrolled memory allocation leading to system memory exhaustion, server crash or unresponsiveness, and potential data leakage or system compromise.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

cpp-httplib | Prior to 0.20.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises when the cpp-httplib library processes incoming request bodies with `Transfer-Encoding: chunked` or when no `Content-Length` header is provided. A remote attacker can exploit this by sending a chunked request without the terminating zero-length chunk, leading to uncontrolled memory allocation on the server. This could potentially exhaust system memory, causing server crash or unresponsiveness.

Conceptual Example Code

The following HTTP request is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }

Impact Summary

A successful exploit could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage. This includes the possibility of uncontrolled memory allocation, system memory exhaustion, server crash or unresponsiveness.

Mitigation Guidance

Organizations are advised to apply the vendor patch by updating to cpp-httplib version 0.20.1 or later. If updating immediately is not feasible, a short-term workaround is available. Deploy a reverse proxy (e.g., Nginx, HAProxy) in front of the cpp-httplib application and configure it to enforce maximum request body size limits. This would stop excessively large requests before they reach the vulnerable library code. As a temporary mitigation, using a WAF/IDS is also recommended.

Overview

A recently disclosed vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-45617, affects the component /user/list of the software system production_ssm v0.0.1-SNAPSHOT. This security flaw could expose sensitive data to unauthorized individuals, posing significant risk to users of the affected software. By exploiting this vulnerability, attackers can gain unauthorized access to sensitive information which could lead to system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45617
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive data potentially causing system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Production_ssm | v0.0.1-SNAPSHOT

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability comes from an incorrect access control mechanism in the /user/list component of Production_ssm. Attackers can exploit this flaw by sending a specially crafted payload to the affected system. If the payload is processed by the system, the attacker could gain unauthorized access to sensitive information, which could lead to further attacks, including system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /user/list HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request with a malicious payload to the /user/list endpoint. The server, lacking proper access control, processes the request and returns sensitive data.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as it becomes available to fix the vulnerability. In the meantime, deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential attacks exploiting this vulnerability.

Overview

CVE-2025-45614 is a significant security vulnerability, identified in One v1.0 that can potentially allow unauthorized individuals to access sensitive data. Incorrect access control in the /api/user/manager component of the system is at the heart of this issue. This vulnerability poses a risk to any organization running One v1.0, due to the potential for system compromise and data leakage. It is essential to address this vulnerability promptly to safeguard sensitive information.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45614
Severity: High (7.5/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive information, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

One | v1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from incorrect access controls in the /api/user/manager component of One v1.0. Attackers can exploit this by sending a crafted payload to the component, which could potentially grant them unauthorized access to sensitive data. Given that no user interaction is required for the exploit, it can be carried out without any user awareness or participation.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /api/user/manager HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "crafted_payload": "malicious script to bypass access control" }

This payload, once processed by the vulnerable component, may grant the attacker unauthorized access to sensitive information.

Mitigation Guidance

Organizations using One v1.0 are advised to apply the latest vendor-supplied patch to rectify this access control mistake. In cases where immediate patching is not possible, implementing Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation by detecting and preventing the exploit.

Overview

This report provides an in-depth analysis of the CVE-2025-45613 vulnerability, a security flaw that affects the Shiro-Action v0.6 component. Incorrect access control in the /user/list component potentially leaves systems compromised and sensitive data exposed. This vulnerability is significant due to the potential for attackers to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information, making it a threat to the privacy and security of data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45613
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise and Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Shiro-Action | v0.6

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the incorrect access control within the /user/list component of Shiro-Action v0.6. This allows attackers to send a malicious payload that can bypass the security mechanism in place. Once the payload is executed, it provides the attacker with unauthorized access to the system, potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a crafted HTTP request:

POST /user/list HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"crafted_payload": "malicious_code_here"
}

Upon successful execution of the above request, the attacker could gain unauthorized access to sensitive information.

Mitigation Guidance

The best solution to this issue is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In case the patch is not ready or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can act as a temporary mitigation method. These systems can detect and block malicious traffic, thus preventing the exploit from being successful.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-45610 has been identified in the /scheduleLog/info/1 component of PassJava-Platform v3.0.0. The vulnerability arises from incorrect access control, potentially allowing unauthorized attackers to access sensitive data. Due to its potential for data leakage or full system compromise, this vulnerability is of significant concern to any organization utilizing the affected version of PassJava-Platform.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45610
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

PassJava-Platform | v3.0.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from incorrect access control in the /scheduleLog/info/1 component of PassJava-Platform. An attacker can craft a specific payload to exploit this vulnerability. Upon successful exploitation, an attacker can gain unauthorized access to sensitive information that could lead to a complete system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual HTTP request could potentially exploit the vulnerability:

POST /scheduleLog/info/1 HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }

Vulnerability Mitigation

The recommended mitigation for CVE-2025-45610 is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch cannot be immediately applied, a temporary mitigation could be the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

A newly discovered vulnerability, dubbed CVE-2025-45609, poses a significant threat to users of the kob latest v1.0.0-SNAPSHOT. The vulnerability stems from incorrect access control in the doFilter function. If exploited, it could allow attackers to access sensitive information by using a crafted payload. Given the potential for system compromise or data leakage, it is crucial that this vulnerability is understood and addressed promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45609
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

kob | v1.0.0-SNAPSHOT

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-45609 vulnerability lies in the doFilter function of the kob latest v1.0.0-SNAPSHOT. Incorrect access control in this function allows an attacker to craft a payload that can bypass the existing security measures. Consequently, the attacker could gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or potentially compromise the system.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how an HTTP request exploiting this vulnerability might look like:

POST /doFilter HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "crafted_payload": "..." }

In this example, the “crafted_payload” is designed to bypass the doFilter function’s access control, allowing the attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data.

Mitigation Guidance

The most effective way to address this vulnerability is by applying the vendor-supplied patch. If this is not immediately feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. It is also recommended to keep a close eye on network traffic for any unusual activity or attempted exploits.