Author: Ameeba

Overview

CVE-2023-4812 is a recently discovered security vulnerability that affects multiple versions of GitLab Enterprise Edition (EE). This vulnerability could allow an attacker to bypass the required CODEOWNERS approval process by adding changes to a previously approved merge request. As a result, unauthorized changes may be made, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. This report aims to provide a detailed analysis of this vulnerability and offer mitigation guidance.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-4812
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GitLab EE | 15.3 – 16.5.5
GitLab EE | 16.6 – 16.6.3
GitLab EE | 16.7 – 16.7.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is exploited when an attacker adds changes to an already approved merge request. As the request is already approved, it bypasses the necessary CODEOWNERS approval. This allows the attacker to implement potentially malicious changes without detection, leading to unauthorized access, system compromise, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

git checkout -b new-branch
git add malicious_change
git commit -m "Add changes to approved merge request"
git push origin new-branch

In this example, “malicious_change” could be any change that would negatively impact the system or lead to data leakage. The attacker then pushes the change to the server under a new branch, potentially bypassing the CODEOWNERS approval process.

Mitigation

The vendor has released a patch to mitigate this vulnerability. Updating GitLab EE to the latest version (16.7.2 or later) is strongly recommended. If patching is not immediately possible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by monitoring and potentially blocking malicious activity.

Overview

The cybersecurity vulnerability CVE-2024-21637 is a serious threat that pertains to Authentik, an open-source Identity Provider. The vulnerability involves a reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attack in OpenID Connect flows, which potentially allows an attacker to escalate privileges and compromise the system. Given the widespread adoption of Authentik as an Identity Provider, this vulnerability should not be overlooked and needs immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21637
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Authentik | Prior to 2023.10.6
Authentik | Prior to 2023.8.6

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability exploits a flaw in Authentik’s handling of JavaScript-URIs in OpenID Connect flows with `response_mode=form_post`. In essence, a user can inject malicious JavaScript code that is then reflected back to the user’s browser by the server. This code could be designed to steal sensitive user data or perform actions on behalf of the user, leading to privilege escalation and potential system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /oidc/authorize HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
response_type=code&client_id=client&state=1234&redirect_uri=javascript:malicious_code_here

In this example, the `redirect_uri` parameter is injected with malicious JavaScript code, which is then reflected back to the user’s browser by the server, leading to potential compromise.

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2023-52201, is an SQL Injection flaw in Brian D. Goad pTypeConverter software. This software has a significant user base, making the impact of this vulnerability potentially severe. The vulnerability could allow an attacker to compromise systems or leak sensitive data. It’s of high importance due to the potential for data breaches and unauthorized system access.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-52201
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Brian D. Goad pTypeConverter | n/a through 0.2.8.1

How the Exploit Works

The SQL Injection vulnerability in Brian D. Goad pTypeConverter occurs due to the improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command. An attacker can manipulate SQL queries in the software to view, modify or delete data in the database or even execute commands on the underlying system.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious SQL statement:

POST /ptypeconverter/convert HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
data=example_data'; DROP TABLE Users;--

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request that includes a malicious SQL command (`DROP TABLE Users;–`) which could delete a critical table from the database.

Overview

A concerning vulnerability, CVE-2023-52142, has been discovered in the Cool Plugins Events Shortcodes for the Events Calendar. This vulnerability arises from the improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command, more commonly known as SQL Injection vulnerability. This flaw impacts all users of this plugin, and it poses a serious threat due to the potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-52142
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized read/write access to the database, potentially resulting in a system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cool Plugins Events Shortcodes For The Events Calendar | n/a through 2.3.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the software’s failure to sufficiently sanitize user-supplied input. Particularly, an attacker can input malicious SQL statements into user input fields, which are then executed by the database. This could result in the alteration of existing data, deletion of data, or even retrieval of sensitive data stored in the database.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a simple HTTP POST request that includes a malicious SQL statement in the request body.

POST /event_search HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
event_name=summer_sale'; DROP TABLE users; --

The above code includes a SQL statement that would delete the ‘users’ table from the database if successfully executed. It’s important to note that the actual exploit would depend on the specific database setup and the exact SQL injection vulnerability present.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2024-21747 is a critical SQL Injection issue identified in the weDevs WP ERP software suite, a popular HR solution with recruitment, job listings, WooCommerce CRM, and accounting tools. Users of versions up to 1.12.8 might be exposed, thus it’s vital for administrators to address this issue promptly to prevent potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21747
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

weDevs WP ERP | Versions up to 1.12.8

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by manipulating user input fields that are incorporated into SQL queries without proper sanitization. The attacker can use specially crafted input to modify the SQL queries, leading to unauthorized viewing, modification, or deletion of data in the database.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a sample HTTP request, shell command, or pseudocode:

POST /wp-erp/vulnerable_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"user_input": "'; DROP TABLE employees; --"
}

In this example, the user input starts with a semicolon to end any prior SQL command, followed by a new command to drop a table, and finally a comment to make any subsequent SQL ignore. This is a simple example of SQL Injection that can lead to a significant data loss.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor-released patch as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and block SQL Injection attempts.

Overview

CVE-2023-29050 is a high-severity security vulnerability that affects systems utilizing LDAP contacts provider. If successfully exploited, this vulnerability could allow privileged users to access content outside of the intended hierarchy, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. This issue is significant as it poses a threat to the confidentiality of information in the directory and could potentially cause high load on the directory server, leading to a denial of service.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-29050
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage, Potential Denial of Service

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

LDAP Contacts Provider | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits the optional “LDAP contacts provider.” Privileged users can inject LDAP filter strings that allow them to access content outside of the intended hierarchy. This could lead to unauthorized access to confidential information. In addition, the exploitation could potentially cause high load on the directory server, leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) condition.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

(&(objectClass=*)(malicious_filter))

In this example, a malicious filter is injected into the LDAP query, which allows privileged users to access content outside of the intended hierarchy. This could lead to unauthorized access to confidential information, system compromise, and potential Denial of Service (DoS) due to high load on the directory server.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. If a patch is not immediately available or applicable, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation.

Overview

HCL DRYiCE MyXalytics, a widely-used analytics tool, is impacted by an Improper Access Control vulnerability, specifically due to Obsolete web pages. This vulnerability presents a significant risk for enterprises as it could potentially lead to the exposure of sensitive information or a vulnerable endpoint, thereby allowing unauthorized access.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-50341
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Web-based
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

HCL DRYiCE MyXalytics | All versions up to latest

How the Exploit Works

The Improper Access Control vulnerability is due to obsolete and unsecured web pages that are still accessible. An attacker can exploit this by discovering and accessing these outdated pages, potentially gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data or a vulnerable endpoint. This could lead to inadvertent exposure of sensitive information or even a system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability via a malicious HTTP request to the outdated web page. Here’s a conceptual example:

GET /outdated_page HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com

This simple request could allow an attacker to access sensitive data or a vulnerable endpoint, leading to possible system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, the use of Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) could serve as temporary mitigation against potential exploits. Regularly updating and maintaining web pages, as well as removing obsolete ones, can also prevent similar vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly changing with new vulnerabilities discovered regularly. One recent discovery is CVE-2023-45723, a path traversal vulnerability affecting HCL DRYiCE MyXalytics. This vulnerability poses a significant risk as it could potentially allow unauthorized users to compromise the system or leak data. It is critical for organizations using this software to understand the threat and take appropriate action to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-45723
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

HCL DRYiCE MyXalytics | All prior versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the file upload feature of HCL DRYiCE MyXalytics. Certain endpoints within the system allow users to manipulate the path, including the filename, where these files are stored on the server. This path traversal vulnerability could be exploited by a malicious user to upload files to unintended directories, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data or even full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability in an HTTP request:

POST /file_upload_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"filename": "../../../../etc/passwd",
"file_content": "malicious_content"
}

In this example, the attacker uses the filename field to navigate up the directory tree (using “../”) to the /etc/passwd file, a critical file in Unix-based systems. If successful, this could overwrite the file with malicious content, potentially compromising the system.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the latest patch provided by the vendor. In case the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. However, these are not long-term solutions and it is strongly recommended to apply the patch as soon as possible to prevent potential exploitation.

Overview

The CVE-2023-33014 vulnerability denotes an information disclosure issue in processing Diag commands within Core services. This cybersecurity weakness potentially affects any organization or individual that relies on the affected versions of the Core services. The vulnerability is of significant concern due to its ability to lead to system compromise or data leakage if successfully exploited.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-33014
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Core Services | All versions prior to 1.7.4

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an information disclosure flaw in the Core services’ handling of Diag commands. An attacker can craft malicious Diag commands which, when processed, can lead to the unintended exposure of sensitive system or user information. This information can then be leveraged for further attacks, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

POST /core-services/diag HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "diag_command": "malicious_command_string" }

In the above example, the `malicious_command_string` represents a specially crafted Diag command that triggers the information disclosure vulnerability in the Core services.
Please note that this is a conceptual example, the actual exploit may vary based on the specifics of the affected system and the attacker’s capabilities.

Mitigation

In order to mitigate the potential risk from CVE-2023-33014, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the interim, use of Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by monitoring and blocking suspicious activities and traffic patterns.

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-59002, is a serious security flaw in the SeaTheme BM Content Builder. This vulnerability stems from an improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory, allowing path traversal. This impacts any entity utilizing the affected versions of BM Content Builder in their systems, potentially leading to unauthorized access, system compromise, and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59002
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise or Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SeaTheme BM Content Builder | Not specified

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the improper limitation of a pathname in the SeaTheme BM Content Builder. An attacker can send specially crafted input to the application that includes path sequences. This allows the attacker to navigate through the file system to restricted directories, potentially gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data or even control of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability could be exploited. This could be a sample HTTP request with a malicious payload:

GET /path/to/vulnerable/resource?file=../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker is attempting to traverse the directory to access a restricted file (`/etc/passwd`) that contains user passwords. This is a common target in Path Traversal attacks as it can provide the attacker with valid user credentials to further compromise the system.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the risks posed by this vulnerability, users are advised to apply vendor patches as soon as they become available. In cases where the patch is not yet available, it is recommended to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation measures to monitor and block potential exploit attempts. Regular monitoring and updating of systems can help prevent exploitation of such vulnerabilities.