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  • CVE-2025-6627: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in TOTOLINK A702R 4.0.0-B20230721.1521

    Overview

    The CVE-2025-6627 is a critical vulnerability discovered in TOTOLINK A702R 4.0.0-B20230721.1521, a widely used wireless router. The vulnerability lies in an unknown code of the file /boafrm/formIpv6Setup of the HTTP POST Request Handler component. This vulnerability is particularly serious because it can be exploited remotely, leading to potential system compromise and data leakage.
    The impact of this vulnerability is significant. Unpatched devices are at risk of being exploited, potentially leading to unauthorized system access, data corruption, or even complete system control. This vulnerability is not just a threat to individual users, but also to enterprises that use this technology, potentially impacting their operational integrity and data security.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6627
    Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    TOTOLINK A702R | 4.0.0-B20230721.1521

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability is a buffer overflow condition that arises from improper validation of user-supplied data. This happens during the handling of HTTP POST requests where the argument ‘submit-url’ is manipulated. The flaw can be exploited by an attacker by sending an overly long, specially crafted argument to the ‘submit-url’ parameter. This overflow can potentially allow the execution of arbitrary code or cause the application to crash, thus leading to a denial of service.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a sample HTTP request:

    POST /boafrm/formIpv6Setup HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
submit-url=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA... (long string of 'A's)

    In this example, the ‘submit-url’ argument is filled with an excessively long string of ‘A’s. This can overflow the buffer and potentially allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause the system to crash.
    Note: This is a conceptual example and not an actual exploit code. The actual exploit might involve a carefully crafted payload designed to overflow the buffer in a specific way to achieve the desired effect.

  • CVE-2025-6617: Critical Stack-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in D-Link DIR-619L

    Overview

    In the evolving landscape of cybersecurity, a critical vulnerability has been discovered in the D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-6617, poses a significant threat to the affected devices. The vulnerability is classified as a stack-based buffer overflow and can be exploited remotely, leading to a potential system compromise or even data leakage. It’s important to note that this vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer, which unfortunately means that the scope for remediation from the vendor is limited.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6617
    Severity: Critical (CVSS: 8.8)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    D-Link DIR-619L | 2.06B01

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability resides in the function formAdvanceSetup of the file /goform/formAdvanceSetup. The manipulation of the argument webpage in this function leads to a stack-based buffer overflow. This means that an attacker can overflow the buffer with arbitrary data, which can overwrite the return address and divert the execution flow, potentially leading to remote code execution on the device.

    Conceptual Example Code

    In a possible exploit scenario, an attacker might send a specially crafted HTTP POST request to the vulnerable endpoint, overflowing the buffer and gaining control of the execution flow. The conceptual example might look something like this:

    POST /goform/formAdvanceSetup HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
webpage=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA... [Add more 'A's to overflow the buffer]

    In this example, the ‘A’s (which in ASCII is 0x41) are used to fill up the buffer and overflow it, potentially overwriting the return address with the attacker’s desired value, leading to arbitrary code execution.

    Mitigation

    Given that the affected products are no longer supported by the maintainer, it is highly recommended to replace these devices with newer, supported models if possible. As a temporary mitigation, you could use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. If a vendor patch becomes available, apply it immediately to prevent potential exploitation of this vulnerability.

  • CVE-2025-6616: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01

    Overview

    A critical vulnerability has been discovered in D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01, identified as CVE-2025-6616. The vulnerability is found in the function formSetWAN_Wizard51 of the file /goform/formSetWAN_Wizard51. It is classified as critical due to its potential impact on the system which could lead to full system compromise or data leakage. The exploit can be initiated remotely and has been disclosed to the public, raising the threat level. Unfortunately, this vulnerability affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer, which means that the users of these products are left to their own devices in securing their systems.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6616
    Severity: Critical (8.8/10)
    Attack Vector: Remote
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    D-Link DIR-619L | 2.06B01

    How the Exploit Works

    The CVE-2025-6616 exploit works by manipulating the ‘curTime’ argument in a specific function of the D-Link DIR-619L’s firmware. The function, known as ‘formSetWAN_Wizard51’, is vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow. By sending a specially crafted payload to this function, an attacker can cause a buffer overflow, which could potentially allow them to execute arbitrary code on the system.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker crafts a malicious payload designed to cause a buffer overflow in the ‘curTime’ argument:

    POST /goform/formSetWAN_Wizard51 HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
curTime=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...+&other_parameters=...

    In this example, the ‘A’s represent the malicious payload that causes the buffer overflow. The ‘other_parameters’ represent other necessary parameters that might be needed for a successful request, which are beyond the scope of this example.

    Mitigation Guidance

    To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply any available vendor patches. However, since the affected product is no longer supported by the vendor, third-party solutions such as Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) may be used as temporary mitigation measures. Regularly monitoring network traffic for any suspicious activities can also help in early detection of potential exploits.

  • CVE-2025-5015: Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerability in AccuWeather and Custom RSS Widget

    Overview

    The cybersecurity landscape is continually evolving, and new vulnerabilities are discovered every day. One such vulnerability that has recently come to light is the CVE-2025-5015, a cross-site scripting (XSS) issue affecting the AccuWeather and Custom RSS widgets. This vulnerability is a serious concern as it allows an unauthenticated user to replace the RSS feed URL with a malicious one, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Its severity and potential impact make it a significant threat to any organization using affected versions of these products.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-5015
    Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: System compromise, data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    AccuWeather Widget | All versions prior to patch
    Custom RSS Widget | All versions prior to patch

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit works by taking advantage of the unvalidated input in the RSS feed URL field in the widget settings. An unauthenticated user can replace the legitimate RSS feed URL with a malicious one. When the widget fetches the RSS feed, it inadvertently pulls in and executes the malicious code instead. This can allow the attacker to perform a variety of malicious actions, such as compromising the system or exfiltrating sensitive data.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

    GET /widget/settings HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
{ "rss_feed_url": "http://malicious.example.com/feed" }

    In this example, the attacker replaces the “rss_feed_url” in the widget settings with a URL that points to a malicious RSS feed. When the widget fetches this feed, it executes the malicious code contained within.

    Mitigation Steps

    The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch can’t be applied immediately, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Additionally, regular monitoring and auditing of the system logs can help detect any successful exploits.

  • CVE-2025-6615: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01

    Overview

    A critical vulnerability has been discovered in D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01, classified as CVE-2025-6615. This vulnerability specifically affects the formAutoDetecWAN_wizard4 function of the file /goform/formAutoDetecWAN_wizard4, and is triggered via the manipulation of the argument curTime. It is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability, which can be exploited remotely. The exploit is already public, magnifying the risk for systems that are still running the unsupported and outdated software.
    This vulnerability matters because it can potentially compromise the entire system or lead to data leakage. Given the severity of the impact, it is crucial for users to update their system to the latest version or apply necessary patches as early as possible.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6615
    Severity: Critical – CVSS Score 8.8
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    D-Link DIR-619L | 2.06B01

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit works by manipulating the ‘curTime’ argument in the formAutoDetecWAN_wizard4 function of the file /goform/formAutoDetecWAN_wizard4. This manipulation causes a stack-based buffer overflow, which can lead to arbitrary code execution. Since the exploit can be triggered remotely over the network without requiring any user interaction, it poses a significant threat to the affected systems.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This example is not intended for actual use, but to give a general understanding of the vulnerability.

    POST /goform/formAutoDetecWAN_wizard4 HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
curTime= [Overflowing Buffer String]

    In this request, the ‘curTime’ argument is filled with a string that overflows the buffer. This overflow could potentially allow the execution of arbitrary code, resulting in a system compromise.

    Mitigation Guidance

    To mitigate the risk of this vulnerability, it is strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch. If the patch is not available or the product is no longer supported, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, it’s important to note that these are not permanent solutions and replacing unsupported products should be considered as soon as possible.

  • CVE-2025-36038: Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in IBM WebSphere Application Server

    Overview

    The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, with new threats and vulnerabilities emerging on a daily basis. One such vulnerability recently identified is CVE-2025-36038, affecting IBM WebSphere Application Server versions 8.5 and 9.0. This vulnerability could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system. As one of the most critical vulnerabilities, it exposes the system to potential data leakage and system compromise, emphasizing the need for immediate remediation.
    IBM WebSphere Application Server is a platform that many businesses rely on for delivering secure and resilient applications. This makes the vulnerability particularly concerning, as an exploitation could potentially affect a wide range of businesses and their customers.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-36038
    Severity: Critical, CVSS score of 9.0
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Full system compromise and potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    IBM WebSphere Application Server | 8.5, 9.0

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability lies in the deserialization process of certain serialized objects in the WebSphere Application Server. When these serialized objects are manipulated in a specific sequence by a remote attacker, it can lead to arbitrary code execution. This means that an attacker could potentially inject malicious code into the server, gaining full control over the system.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a hypothetical HTTP request that an attacker might use to deliver a specially crafted sequence of serialized objects to the server.

    POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "serialized_objects": "specially_crafted_sequence_of_objects" }

    Mitigation Guidance

    IBM has released a patch to address this vulnerability. All users of the affected versions of IBM WebSphere Application Server are advised to apply this patch as soon as possible. In the meantime, or in cases where patching is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these measures are not a substitute for patching the vulnerability and should only be used as a stopgap measure until the patch can be applied.

  • CVE-2021-4457: Critical Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Upload Vulnerability in ZoomSounds Plugin

    Overview

    The world of cybersecurity is always on the move, with vulnerabilities cropping up regularly. Recently, a significant security flaw-CVE-2021-4457-has been identified in the ZoomSounds WordPress plugin. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage. Given the popularity of WordPress and the widespread use of plugins, this vulnerability has a broad impact surface and poses a serious risk to a large number of websites.
    ZoomSounds, a widely-used audio player plugin, is used by countless websites to add multimedia features. However, versions of the plugin prior to 6.05 contain a critical flaw that allows unauthenticated users to upload arbitrary files anywhere on the web server, thus putting the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the data at risk.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2021-4457
    Severity: Critical (9.1 CVSS score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    ZoomSounds Plugin | Before 6.05

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability lies in the implementation of the ZoomSounds plugin, which contains a PHP file that does not properly validate user input. This allows unauthenticated users to upload arbitrary files to any location on the webserver. The uploaded file could contain malicious code, which, when executed, grants the attacker control over the system.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a
    conceptual
    example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP POST request demonstrating how a malicious user could upload an arbitrary file:

    POST /zoomsounds-upload/endpoint.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious.php"
Content-Type: application/x-php
<?php
// malicious code
?>
----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW

    After the malicious file is uploaded, the attacker can then access this file via a web browser to execute the malicious code.

    Mitigation Guidance

    To mitigate this vulnerability, users of the ZoomSounds plugin should immediately update to the latest version (6.05 or later), which contains a fix for this issue. If updating is not immediately possible, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by blocking or alerting on attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

  • CVE-2025-6543: Critical Memory Overflow Vulnerability in NetScaler ADC and Gateway

    Overview

    The cybersecurity world has been rocked by a new discovery: CVE-2025-6543, a critical memory overflow vulnerability affecting NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway. This vulnerability has the potential to dramatically disrupt system functionality and compromise data security. The issue particularly impacts systems configured as Gateway (VPN virtual server, ICA Proxy, CVPN, RDP Proxy) or AAA virtual server. As a high-priority issue, it has been assigned a Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) score of 9.8, marking it as a severe threat to the integrity of affected systems.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6543
    Severity: Critical (CVSS: 9.8)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    NetScaler ADC | All versions
    NetScaler Gateway | All versions

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of a memory overflow vulnerability within the NetScaler ADC and Gateway systems. When these systems are configured as Gateway (VPN virtual server, ICA Proxy, CVPN, RDP Proxy) or AAA virtual server, they become susceptible to the vulnerability. An attacker can send specially crafted data packets to these servers, causing them to overflow their memory buffers. This leads to unintended control flow and results in a Denial of Service (DoS) condition. Furthermore, this vulnerability can potentially lead to system compromise and data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here’s a conceptual example illustrating how the vulnerability might be exploited:

    POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "data": "A".repeat(1000000) }

    In the above example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint with a large payload of repeated ‘A’ characters. This payload is larger than the memory buffer allocated to handle the incoming data, leading to a buffer overflow. This can cause the system to execute unintended instructions and potentially grant unauthorized access to the attacker.

    Mitigation Measures

    To mitigate the risks associated with CVE-2025-6543, users are advised to immediately apply the vendor patch. If the patch is unavailable or cannot be immediately applied, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, they should not be considered a long-term solution, and patching the software remains the most effective way to secure your systems.

  • CVE-2025-6614: Critical Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in D-Link DIR-619L

    Overview

    The CVE-2025-6614 is a critical vulnerability that has been identified in the D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01, a widely used router. This vulnerability is present in the function formSetWANType_Wizard5 and can lead to a stack-based buffer overflow when the ‘curTime’ argument is manipulated. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely, hence, potentially allowing attackers to compromise the system, manipulate data, or even cause a complete system crash. The exploit has been disclosed to the public, raising the risk for those using the affected products.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6614
    Severity: Critical (8.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    D-Link DIR-619L | 2.06B01

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the formSetWANType_Wizard5 function in the D-Link DIR-619L 2.06B01. By manipulating the ‘curTime’ argument, an attacker can overflow the buffer, corrupting the stack and potentially allowing the execution of arbitrary code or causing a denial of service through system crash.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of a crafted HTTP POST request that could exploit this vulnerability:
    “`http
    POST /goform/formSetWANType_Wizard5 HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    curTime=111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

  • CVE-2025-49151: Unauthenticated Attackers Can Forge JSON Web Tokens in MICROSENS NMP Web+

    Overview

    CVE-2025-49151 is a severe vulnerability found in MICROSENS NMP Web+, which allows unauthenticated attackers to forge JSON Web Tokens (JWT) and thereby bypass the authentication process. This vulnerability poses a significant risk to any organization utilizing MICROSENS NMP Web+, as it can lead to system compromise or data leakage. In this era of ever-evolving cyber threats, understanding such vulnerabilities and implementing effective mitigation measures is crucial to maintaining robust cybersecurity.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-49151
    Severity: Critical, with a CVSS score of 9.1
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    MICROSENS NMP Web+ | All versions prior to the patch

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability lies in the handling of JSON Web Tokens within the MICROSENS NMP Web+ system. Attackers can exploit this flaw by creating forged JWTs, which the system will accept as genuine. Given that JWTs are used to authenticate users, this allows attackers to bypass authentication measures without needing valid credentials. This can lead to unauthorized access to the system, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

    POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"alg": "none",
"typ": "JWT"
}
{
"sub": "1234567890",
"name": "John Doe",
"admin": true
}

    In this example, the attacker creates a JWT with no algorithm (“alg”: “none”), effectively bypassing the signature verification process and tricking the system into thinking it’s a legitimate token.

    Mitigation Measures

    The primary mitigation measure for CVE-2025-49151 is to apply the vendor’s patch. All organizations using MICROSENS NMP Web+ should apply this patch as soon as possible to protect their systems from potential attacks.
    In situations where the patch cannot be immediately applied, temporary mitigation can be achieved using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These systems can detect and block malicious activity, providing a layer of security against potential exploits.
    Remember, vulnerabilities like CVE-2025-49151 highlight the importance of a proactive approach to cybersecurity. Regularly monitoring for new vulnerabilities and promptly applying updates and patches is crucial for protecting your systems against cyber threats.

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