Author: Ameeba

Overview

This report addresses a significant SQL Injection vulnerability identified in the All in One Minifier plugin for WordPress. It affects all versions up to and including 3.2. The vulnerability is a serious concern as it allows unauthenticated attackers to manipulate SQL queries, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9073
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

All in One Minifier Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 3.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the plugin’s lack of proper sanitizing on the ‘post_id’ parameter. This oversight allows attackers to append malicious SQL statements to existing queries. As a result, they can manipulate the database to extract sensitive information.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit the vulnerability by sending a specially-crafted HTTP request like this:

POST /wp-json/wp/v2/posts HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "post_id": "1; SELECT * FROM wp_users;" }

In this conceptual example, `”1; SELECT * FROM wp_users;”` is the malicious payload. It injects an additional SQL statement (`SELECT * FROM wp_users`) into the existing query.

Mitigation Guidance

As a remedial measure, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These measures can help detect and block SQL Injection attacks.

Overview

This report will detail the CVE-2025-8422, a vulnerability in the All-in-One Client Management System plugin for WordPress, developed by Propovoice. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to read the contents of any file on the server – a serious issue that can lead to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability affects all versions of the plugin up to, and including, version 1.7.6.7.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8422
Severity: High (CVSS 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage through unauthorized file reading

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Propovoice: All-in-One Client Management System for WordPress | Up to and including 1.7.6.7

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an issue within the send_email() function of the plugin. This function does not properly validate user input, permitting unauthenticated attackers to manipulate a request. This manipulation can result in the function revealing the contents of arbitrary files on the server.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Note that this is a simplified example and may not reflect the exact process an attacker would use.

GET /wp-content/plugins/propovoice/send_email.php?file_path=/etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker sends a GET request to the send_email.php file, including a ‘file_path’ parameter that points to “/etc/passwd”, a critical system file. If the server is vulnerable, its response would include the contents of the ‘/etc/passwd’ file.

Mitigation

Users of the Propovoice All-in-One Client Management System plugin for WordPress are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. If that is not immediately possible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy by blocking malicious requests.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-59049 is a critical security flaw found in Mockoon, which allows attackers to exploit Path Traversal and Local File Inclusion (LFI) weaknesses. Due to this vulnerability, an attacker can access any file in the mock server filesystem, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is especially concerning for cloud hosted server instances, where sensitive data may be stored.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59049
Severity: High, 7.5 (CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Mockoon | Prior to 9.2.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the way Mockoon handles the configuration for static file serving in its mock API. The server filename is generated via templating features from user input, which leaves the system open to Path Traversal and LFI attacks. An attacker could manipulate the input to traverse the file directory and gain access to any file in the mock server filesystem.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability could be exploited. The attacker sends a malicious request to the server:

GET /api/files/../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablemockserver.com

In this example, the malicious request is attempting to traverse the directory to access the ‘/etc/passwd’ file, which contains sensitive user data.

Impact and Mitigation

The successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, potentially resulting in system compromise or data leakage. Users are strongly advised to apply the patch provided by the vendor in version 9.2.0. In cases where patching is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as a temporary mitigation technique.

Overview

CVE-2025-8696 is a significant cybersecurity vulnerability affecting the Stork User Interface (UI). Potentially exposed systems are those running Stork versions 1.0.0 through 2.3.0. The vulnerability arises from the ability of an unauthenticated user to trigger memory and disk usage issues, leading to potential compromises of the system or data leakage. Safeguarding against this vulnerability should be a priority for those operating affected Stork versions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8696
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise and Potential Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Stork UI | 1.0.0 through 2.3.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is exploited when an unauthenticated user sends a series of large data packets to the Stork UI. This action triggers memory and disk usage problems on the server that’s running the affected Stork versions. This can lead to system slowdowns or crashes, and in extreme cases, unauthorized access to system data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an unauthenticated user might trigger the vulnerability via HTTP:

POST /storkui/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "large_data_payload": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA..." }

In this example, the “large_data_payload” is filled with an extremely large amount of data designed to overwhelm the memory and disk resources of the Stork server.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended mitigation strategy is to apply the vendor patch specifically developed to address this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to identify and block the specific type of requests that exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The CVE-2025-56406 vulnerability affects the mcp-neo4j 0.3.0 system, exposing it to potential attacks that can compromise the system or leak data. This vulnerability is significant due to the potential for attackers to execute arbitrary commands or obtain sensitive information via the SSE service, even in the absence of mandatory authentication.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56406
Severity: High – 7.5 CVSS
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise or Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

mcp-neo4j | 0.3.0

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-56406 vulnerability allows an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the mcp-neo4j 0.3.0 system. The vulnerability lies in the lack of authentication required for the MCP servers, giving attackers the ability to execute arbitrary commands or obtain sensitive information through the SSE service.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of how this vulnerability might be exploited could involve a malicious HTTP request, as shown below:

GET /vulnerable/SSEService HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
{ "command": "execute_arbitrary_command_or_retrieve_sensitive_info" }

In this conceptual example, the attacker sends a GET request to the vulnerable SSE service endpoint. The malicious command provided in the request could result in the execution of an arbitrary command or the retrieval of sensitive information from the server.

Overview

This report delves into the comprehensive analysis of the CVE-2025-56405 vulnerability, which impacts the litmus-mcp-server through version 0.0.1, developed by LitmusAutomation. This vulnerability permits an unauthorized attacker to seize control of the target’s MCP service through the Server-Sent Events (SSE) protocol. This issue is highly critical due to the potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56405
Severity: High (7.5/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized Control, Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

LitmusAutomation litmus-mcp-server | Up to and including 0.0.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to insufficient validation of incoming network traffic on the SSE protocol. This allows an unauthorized attacker to send specially crafted SSE packets to the affected litmus-mcp-server. Upon successful exploitation, the attacker can take control of the MCP service, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This sample showcases an HTTP request that could be used to manipulate the SSE protocol.

GET /events HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Accept: text/event-stream
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }

In this example, the attacker sends a GET request to the /events endpoint, which is typically used for SSE communications. The malicious payload is included in the request, potentially resulting in unauthorized control of the MCP service.

Overview

This report presents a comprehensive analysis of the vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-56404. This vulnerability resides in MariaDB MCP 0.1.0 and allows attackers to gain access to sensitive data potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. As MariaDB is widely used, its security vulnerabilities matter to a broad spectrum of systems and applications. Mitigation strategies and patches are available to address this issue.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56404
Severity: High (7.5/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MariaDB MCP | 0.1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from a lack of user validation in the Server-Sent Events (SSE) service within MariaDB MCP 0.1.0. An attacker can exploit this flaw by sending malicious requests to the SSE service, thereby gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data. This can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage if the exposed information is of high value.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

GET /sse/service HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-db.example.com
Accept: text/event-stream
{ "malicious_payload": "stealSensitiveData()" }

In this example, the attacker sends a GET request to the SSE service and injects a malicious payload designed to steal sensitive data.

Mitigation

The best mitigation strategy to address this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. If this is not immediately feasible, temporary mitigation can be achieved by using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and/or block malicious requests targeting the SSE service in MariaDB MCP 0.1.0.

Overview

This report documents a significant vulnerability, CVE-2025-10225, affecting the OpenSSL-based session module present in AxxonSoft Axxon One 2.0.6 and earlier versions on Windows. This vulnerability has a high severity score and can lead to system compromise or data leakage if exploited, a threat to enterprises relying on these versions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10225
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential for system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

AxxonSoft Axxon One | 2.0.6 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the OpenSSL-based session module of the AxxonSoft Axxon One. Under high load conditions, an attacker can remotely trigger memory reallocation errors when handling expired session keys. This could subsequently lead to application crashes or unpredictable behavior, providing an avenue for potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example demonstrating how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability.

POST /axxon/openssl/session HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "expired_session_key": "abc123expired",
"load": "high",
"operation": "trigger_memory_reallocation_error"
}

Preventing an Exploit

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch once available. Until then, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary measure to prevent potential exploits. Regularly updating and patching software is crucial to maintain a secure environment and to protect against such vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-57060 is a serious cybersecurity issue that primarily affects Tenda G3 version 3.0br_V15.11.0.17. This vulnerability revolves around a stack overflow in the rules parameter within the dns_forward_rule_store function. A successful exploit can lead to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack, which can potentially compromise the system and lead to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57060
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service (DoS) and potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda G3 | v3.0br_V15.11.0.17

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability works by exploiting a stack overflow in the rules parameter of the dns_forward_rule_store function within Tenda G3. When a maliciously crafted request is sent, it causes the system to overflow, leading to a Denial of Service. This can potentially compromise the system and result in data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example is a simple HTTP request that sends a malicious payload to the vulnerable endpoint.

POST /dns_forward_rule_store HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "rules": "OVERLY_LONG_STRING_OVERLY_LONG_STRING_OVERLY_LONG_STRING" }

In this example, the `OVERLY_LONG_STRING` would be replaced with a string long enough to cause a stack overflow in the targeted system. This would result in a Denial of Service and potentially open up further avenues for exploitation.

Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-29089 is a significant security issue that affects the TP-Link AX10 Ax1500 v.1.3.10 Build (20230130). An attacker exploiting this vulnerability could potentially compromise the system and leak sensitive data. Given the widespread use of TP-Link devices, this issue has wide-reaching implications and requires immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-29089
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and sensitive data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TP-Link AX10 Ax1500 | v.1.3.10 Build (20230130)

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the TP-Link AX10 Ax1500 firmware. An attacker can remotely send a specially crafted network request to the device, which fails to properly validate or sanitize. This allows an attacker to extract sensitive information that should be protected.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited, using a hypothetical HTTP request:

GET /sensitive/data/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, an attacker sends a GET request to a specific endpoint on the target device. The device, due to the vulnerability, does not properly secure this endpoint, allowing the attacker to access and retrieve sensitive data.

Mitigation Guidance

The most effective solution to this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these measures should be seen as temporary while efforts are made to apply the vendor patch.