Author: Ameeba

Overview

The Forminator Forms plugin for WordPress, a popular tool for creating various types of forms, is found to possess a critical vulnerability that could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage. The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-6464, affects all versions up to and including 1.44.2. This report lays out the details of this vulnerability, its potential impact, and the steps required for mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6464
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Forminator Forms Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 1.44.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to the unsafe deserialization of untrusted input in the ‘entry_delete_upload_files’ function. An attacker can exploit this by injecting a malicious PHP Object through a PHAR file. The deserialization occurs when a form submission is deleted, either by an Administrator or via auto-deletion determined by plugin settings. If a PHP Object-Oriented Programming (POP) chain is present in an additional plugin or theme installed on the target system, arbitrary actions such as file deletion, sensitive data retrieval, or code execution could be performed depending on the POP chain present.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request with a malicious payload.

POST /forminator_forms/delete HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/php
{ "entry_delete_upload_files": "phar://path/to/malicious/file.phar" }

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch immediately. For temporary mitigation, users can employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious activities. However, these measures only offer temporary relief and do not address the root cause of the vulnerability.

Overview

The Ads Pro Plugin – Multi-Purpose WordPress Advertising Manager plugin for WordPress has been found to be vulnerable to SQL Injection attacks. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to manipulate SQL queries, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. It affects all versions of the plugin up to and including 4.89, making it a significant cause for concern for WordPress users globally.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6437
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized access, system compromise, and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ads Pro Plugin – Multi-Purpose WordPress Advertising Manager | Up to and including 4.89

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the insufficient escaping of the ‘oid’ parameter and the lack of sufficient preparation on the existing SQL query. An unauthenticated attacker can append additional SQL queries into the existing ones via this parameter. This could allow them to manipulate database transactions or extract sensitive information from the database.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /index.php?oid=1' OR '1'='1'; SELECT * FROM wp_users; -- HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com

In this example, the attacker appends additional SQL queries to the ‘oid’ parameter, causing the database to return all the users’ data.

Mitigation

Users are strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch once it is available. As a temporary mitigation, users can implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These can help prevent attacks by detecting and blocking malicious SQL queries.

Overview

The popular WordPress Ads Pro Plugin, used for ad management, has been found to contain a time-based SQL injection vulnerability. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-5339, affects all versions up to and including 4.89. Unauthenticated attackers can exploit this vulnerability to potentially gain unauthorized access to sensitive data on the database, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5339
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Web-based
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive data, potential system compromise

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ads Pro Plugin – Multi-Purpose WordPress Advertising Manager | Up to and including 4.89

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to insufficient escaping of the ‘bsa_pro_id’ parameter and lack of adequate preparation on the existing SQL query. An unauthenticated attacker can append additional SQL queries into existing queries. By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker can manipulate SQL queries to extract sensitive information from the database.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP GET request, where an attacker appends a malicious SQL query to the ‘bsa_pro_id’ parameter.

GET /wp-content/plugins/ads-pro/?bsa_pro_id=1' OR '1'='1'; -- HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

The above request triggers the SQL injection vulnerability, potentially returning sensitive information from the database.

Mitigation Guidance

It is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as temporary mitigation. Ensure that these security systems are configured correctly to detect and prevent SQL injection attacks.

Overview

CVE-2025-4381 is a significant cybersecurity threat to WordPress users using the Ads Pro Plugin – Multi-Purpose WordPress Advertising Manager. It is an SQL Injection vulnerability that can lead to severe consequences such as system compromise or data leakage. This report details the vulnerability, its impact, and recommended mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4381
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage due to SQL Injection

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ads Pro Plugin – Multi-Purpose WordPress Advertising Manager | Up to and including 4.89

How the Exploit Works

The exploit occurs due to insufficient escaping on a user-supplied parameter and a lack of adequate preparation on an existing SQL query within the getSpace() function of the plugin. By injecting malicious SQL queries via the ‘$id’ variable, an unauthenticated attacker can manipulate the database, potentially extracting sensitive information.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of how the vulnerability might be exploited could be a malicious HTTP request like below:

GET /vulnerable_plugin/getSpace?id=1;DROP TABLE users; HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker appends a ‘DROP TABLE’ SQL command to the ‘id’ parameter, which, if successful, would delete the ‘users’ table from the database. This is a simplified example and the actual attacks can be much more complex and damaging.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the latest vendor patch to fix the vulnerability. If a patch is not immediately available, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as temporary mitigation. These systems should be configured to detect and prevent SQL Injection attacks.

Overview

This report details a critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-53107) in @cyanheads/git-mcp-server, an MCP server designed to interact with Git repositories. The vulnerability poses a significant risk to any organization using versions of the server prior to 2.1.5. If exploited, this vulnerability could lead to a total system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53107
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Total system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

@cyanheads/git-mcp-server | Prior to 2.1.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an insecure use of input parameters within a call to child_process.exec in @cyanheads/git-mcp-server. The server constructs and executes shell commands using unvalidated user input directly within command-line strings. This allows for the injection of shell metacharacters (|, >, &&, etc.), enabling an attacker to inject arbitrary system commands. If successfully exploited, this vulnerability can lead to remote code execution under the server process’s privileges, which in turn can lead to a full system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Please note that this is illustrative and does not represent an actual exploit.

# Connect to the server
$ mcp-client connect target.example.com
# Inject malicious command
$ mcp-client exec "git log; rm -rf /*"

In this example, an attacker connects to the target server using a vulnerable MCP client and then executes a command that first performs a harmless action (reading git logs) followed by a destructive action (deleting all files on the system).

Mitigation Guidance

Users of @cyanheads/git-mcp-server should immediately upgrade to version 2.1.5 or later, which contains a patch for this vulnerability. If upgrading is not immediately possible, temporary mitigation can be achieved by using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block or detect malicious commands.

Overview

This report details a critical path traversal vulnerability (CVE-2025-37098) found in HPE Insight Remote Support (IRS) versions prior to v7.15.0.646. This vulnerability could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant risk to any organization utilizing affected versions of HPE IRS. Immediate action is recommended to mitigate this risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-37098
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

HPE Insight Remote Support | Prior to v7.15.0.646

How the Exploit Works

A path traversal vulnerability exists in HPE Insight Remote Support which allows an attacker to access files or directories that are stored outside the web root folder. By manipulating variables that reference files with ‘dot-dot-slash (../)’ sequences and its variations, it may be possible to access arbitrary files and directories stored on the system, potentially leading to sensitive information disclosure or system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

This conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability via an HTTP request to a vulnerable endpoint:

GET /download?file=../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker seeks to download the `/etc/passwd` file, which contains user password hashes on a Unix-like system. If successful, this could lead to unauthorized access and potential system compromise.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as possible. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could be used to filter out malicious requests that attempt to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

A vulnerability has been identified in HPE Insight Remote Support (IRS), a popular remote monitoring and management software. The versions prior to v7.15.0.646 are susceptible to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. Such a vulnerability matters because it can be exploited by an unauthenticated attacker, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-37097
Severity: High (CVSS v3 Score: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: This vulnerability can lead to denial of service, system compromise, or potential data leakage if exploited successfully.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

HPE Insight Remote Support | Versions prior to v7.15.0.646

How the Exploit Works

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted packets to the affected HPE Insight Remote Support software. Since the software does not properly handle these packets, it can lead to a denial of service condition, compromising the system’s availability. In certain scenarios, this vulnerability can also be leveraged to execute arbitrary code or access sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /IRS_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "dos_payload": "specially_crafted_packet" }

In this example, the `dos_payload` could be a specially crafted packet that when processed by the IRS software, triggers the vulnerability leading to a denial of service condition.

Mitigation Guidance

To protect against this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor’s patch by upgrading HPE Insight Remote Support to version v7.15.0.646 or later. If an immediate upgrade is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can be configured to detect and block malicious packets targeting the vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability in question, CVE-2024-53621, is a serious buffer overflow flaw found in the formSetCfm() function of Tenda AC1206 1200M 11ac US_AC1206V1.0RTL_V15.03.06.23_multi_TD01. It is of significant concern as it allows malicious actors to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) attack on systems using a carefully crafted POST request.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-53621
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC1206 1200M 11ac | US_AC1206V1.0RTL_V15.03.06.23_multi_TD01

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by an attacker crafting a malicious POST request targeting the formSetCfm() function in the Tenda AC1206 router. This causes a buffer overflow, which allows the attacker to cause a Denial of Service attack, potentially compromise the system and leak data.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP POST request:

POST /formSetCfm HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
data=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA... [Continue until buffer overflow is triggered]

Please note that the example above is a conceptual representation and may not work in a real-world scenario without appropriate modifications.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are recommended to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If a patch is not available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure.

Overview

This report explores the critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2024-8419. This security flaw affects systems hosting specific endpoint scripts, and its exploitation could lead to unauthorized system compromise or data leakage. Primarily, the vulnerability emerges from the absence of authentication, allowing an unauthorized remote attacker to manipulate the system over the network.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-8419
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

[Product 1] | [Version 1]
[Product 2] | [Version 2]

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by an attacker sending malicious requests to the vulnerable endpoint. Due to the lack of authentication measures, the system does not verify the legitimacy of the request and processes it. This allows the attacker to put the system into a fail-safe state remotely, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of an HTTP request that a remote attacker might use to exploit this vulnerability:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "trigger_failsafe" }

In this request, the attacker sends a malicious payload that triggers the system’s fail-safe state. Due to the lack of authentication, the system processes this request as if it comes from a legitimate user, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the CVE-2024-8419 vulnerability, it is recommended that users immediately apply the patch provided by the vendor. If a patch is not immediately available, users should implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary measure to detect and block exploit attempts.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly under threat from new vulnerabilities. One such critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-1991, affects IBM’s Informix Dynamic Server versions 12.10, 14.10, and 15.0. This vulnerability could potentially allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) in the affected systems, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-1991
Severity: High – CVSS:7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: The vulnerability could allow an attacker to cause a denial of service, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IBM Informix Dynamic Server | 12.10
IBM Informix Dynamic Server | 14.10
IBM Informix Dynamic Server | 15.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the processing packets of the IBM Informix Dynamic Server. An integer underflow error when processing packets allows for a remote attacker to send specifically crafted packets to the server, disrupting its normal functioning and causing a denial of service. This could potentially lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information or even system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a theoretical example of how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability using a crafted packet.

POST /process_packet HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"packet": {
"size": -1,
"content": "malicious_content"
}
}

In this example, the packet size is set to -1, potentially triggering the integer underflow error in the server’s packet processing function.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch to fix this vulnerability as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential attacks exploiting this vulnerability.