Author: Ameeba

Overview

This document covers the details of a post-auth SQL injection vulnerability discovered in Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer. This critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-49218, could potentially allow an attacker to escalate privileges on affected installations, leading to system compromise or data leakage. Businesses and organizations using the affected products must promptly address this issue to safeguard their digital assets.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49218
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.7)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to the improper handling of user-supplied input in SQL queries by the Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer. An attacker with low-level privileges can manipulate SQL queries to execute arbitrary SQL code. This can result in unauthorized actions, including the escalation of privileges within the system, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode demonstrates a malicious SQL query injected into the system:

POST /TrendMicroPolicyServer/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=attacker' OR '1'='1'--&password=irrelevant

In this example, the attacker manipulates the ‘username’ field with a SQL injection payload that alters the SQL logic, bypassing the authentication mechanism. The ‘–‘ following the payload is a SQL comment that makes the rest of the query, including the password check, irrelevant.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the patch provided by Trend Micro as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help prevent SQL injection attacks. Always ensure that software is up-to-date and follow the principle of least privilege when assigning system rights to reduce the impact of potential future vulnerabilities.

Overview

This report discusses a significant SQL injection vulnerability (CVE-2025-49211) in the Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer. This vulnerability has a substantial impact on the security of affected installations and could potentially allow an attacker to escalate privileges. As a consequence, it poses a serious threat to data integrity and system security.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49211
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to insufficient sanitization of user-supplied input within the PolicyServer. An attacker can exploit this flaw by sending specially crafted SQL queries to the affected system. If successful, they can manipulate SQL queries to execute arbitrary commands and modify data. This could lead to privilege escalation, allowing the attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or even control over the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example illustrating how this vulnerability might be exploited. Please note that this is a simplified representation and actual exploits may be more complex.

POST /PolicyServer/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=administrator' OR '1'='1';--

In this example, the SQL query behind the scenes may be manipulated, bypassing the authentication mechanism due to the `OR ‘1’=’1’` condition, which is always true. The `–` at the end of the payload is a SQL comment out operator, causing the rest of the original SQL query to be ignored. This could potentially grant the attacker administrative access.

Mitigation

The primary mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. As a temporary measure, it is recommended to employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block SQL injection attempts. Businesses should also consider implementing least privilege principles and input validation to minimize the potential attack surface.

Overview

This report provides an in-depth analysis of the recently discovered security vulnerability, CVE-2025-40591, which affects multiple versions of RUGGEDCOM ROX devices. This vulnerability, when exploited, could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, making it a serious issue for businesses using these devices. The vulnerability is particularly critical due to its ability to grant root privileges and disclose file system contents to an authenticated remote attacker.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-40591
Severity: High (CVSS 7.7)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Authenticated user)
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000 | All versions < V2.16.5 RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000RE | All versions < V2.16.5 RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1400 | All versions < V2.16.5 RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1500 | All versions < V2.16.5 RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1510 | All versions < V2.16.5 RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1511 | All versions < V2.16.5 RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1524 | All versions < V2.16.5 RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1536 | All versions < V2.16.5 RUGGEDCOM ROX RX5000 | All versions < V2.16.5 How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the ‘Log Viewers’ tool in the web interface of the affected devices. Due to missing server-side input sanitation, an authenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious commands. This allows the attacker to execute the ‘tail’ command with root privileges, thereby disclosing the contents of all files in the filesystem.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example demonstrates how an authenticated attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /log_viewer HTTP/1.1
Host: affected_device_ip
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer <auth_token>
{ "command": "; tail -n 100 /etc/passwd;" }

In the example above, the attacker injects a malicious ‘tail’ command into the ‘command’ parameter of a POST request to the ‘/log_viewer’ endpoint, and as a result, the contents of the ‘/etc/passwd’ file are returned in the response, revealing sensitive information.

Overview

A newly discovered vulnerability in the APIs of HPE Aruba Networking Private 5G Core has been identified. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-37100, could potentially expose sensitive information to unauthorized users. The flaw is significant, as it affects a core component of the Aruba Networking 5G system, potentially impacting a large number of users and enterprises relying on this technology for their networking needs.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-37100
Severity: High (7.7)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, unauthorized access to sensitive data, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

HPE Aruba Networking Private 5G Core | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies within the APIs of HPE Aruba Networking Private 5G Core. An attacker could exploit this weakness by sending specifically crafted requests to these APIs. This would allow the attacker to iteratively navigate through the filesystem, gaining unauthorized access to protected system files that contain sensitive information. The attacker could then download these files, leading to a potential data leakage situation.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This example uses a HTTP request targeting the vulnerable endpoint of the system.

GET /api/filesystem/navigate?path=/sensitive/data HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

Mitigation and Patching

The vendor has released a patch to address this vulnerability. It is strongly recommended that all users update their systems to the patched version as soon as possible. As a temporary measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could be utilized to monitor and block potentially malicious requests targeting the vulnerable API endpoints.

Overview

The CVE-2025-3460 is a critical vulnerability, affecting a wide range of devices using the Quantenna Wi-Fi chipset. It involves a command injection flaw in the local control script, posing serious security implications including system compromise and potential data leakage. The severity of this issue and its widespread impact make it a significant concern for cybersecurity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3460
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Quantenna Wi-Fi Chipset | Up to version 8.0.0.28

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a vulnerability in the ‘set_tx_pow’ local control script that ships with the Quantenna Wi-Fi chipset. This vulnerability fails to properly neutralize argument delimiters in a command, allowing for argument injection. An attacker could leverage this to inject malicious commands, leading to complete system compromise and potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using shell command:

$ ./set_tx_pow '; rm -rf /' # This would delete all files in the root directory

In this example, the command `rm -rf /` is injected after the `;` delimiter, which could delete all files in the root directory, demonstrating the potential severity of this exploit.

Overview

The Quantenna Wi-Fi chipset has been identified as having a critical vulnerability that can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability impacts all users of the Quantenna Wi-Fi chipset through version 8.0.0.28 of the latest SDK. It is a critical issue as it allows for command injection, enabling malicious actors to potentially gain control over affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3459
Severity: High – CVSS 7.7
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Quantenna Wi-Fi chipset | Up to version 8.0.0.28

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a local control script known as transmit_file. This script is vulnerable to command injection, which allows a potential attacker to inject malicious commands that can be executed by the system. This is due to improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command, also known as ‘Argument Injection’ (CWE-88).

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited using a shell command:

$ ./transmit_file --host=127.0.0.1 --port=80 --payload='; rm -rf /'

In this conceptual example, the injected command (`; rm -rf /`) would delete all files in the system if executed. Please note that this is a conceptual example and the actual exploitation might be different based on the system configuration and the attacker’s intent.

Mitigation Guidance

As of the time of this report, the vendor has not released a patch for this vulnerability. Until one is available, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation. Additionally, the vendor has released a best practices guide that should be followed to minimize the risk of this vulnerability.

Overview

This report focuses on the CVE-2025-32459 vulnerability, an instance of CWE-88, that affects the Quantenna Wi-Fi chipset. This vulnerability is critical due to its potential to compromise systems and leak confidential data. As such, it poses a significant threat to any device or system implementing this chipset.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32459
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.7)
Attack Vector: Local (AV:L)
Privileges Required: None (PR:N)
User Interaction: None (UI:N)
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Quantenna Wi-Fi chipset | Up to and including version 8.0.0.28

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the local control script, router_command.sh, specifically in the sync_time argument. This script does not properly neutralize argument delimiters, making it susceptible to command injection. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary commands on the system where the chipset is installed.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider the following
conceptual
shell command, which an attacker might use to exploit this vulnerability:

./router_command.sh sync_time; rm -rf / # This will delete all files in root directory

In this example, the attacker injects a malicious command (`rm -rf /`) after the sync_time argument. If the script is executed with superuser privileges, this command will delete all files in the root directory.

Mitigation

At the time of this report, no patch has been released by the vendor. However, a best practices guide for implementors of this chipset has been issued. As a temporary mitigation, it is recommended to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). As always, it is crucial to monitor vendor communications for the release of a patch and to apply it as soon as possible.

Overview

The CVE-2025-32458 vulnerability pertains to the Quantenna Wi-Fi chipset, specifically a local control script that is susceptible to command injection. This deficiency is a significant risk for all devices utilizing this chipset, potentially leading to system compromises or data leakages.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32458
Severity: High – CVSS 7.7
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Quantenna Wi-Fi chipset | up to version 8.0.0.28

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists in the router_command.sh script, specifically in the get_syslog_from_qtn argument. This script does not properly neutralize argument delimiters, allowing for argument injection. This scenario is classified as CWE-88. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to inject commands directly into the system, potentially leading to unauthorized access, data leaks, or even a complete system takeover.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted command, as shown in the conceptual example below:

./router_command.sh get_syslog_from_qtn '; malicious_command'

In this example, the semicolon allows the attacker to execute “malicious_command” after the legitimate command “get_syslog_from_qtn”. This command could be designed to compromise the system or exfiltrate sensitive data.

Mitigation Guidance

While the vendor has yet to release a patch for this vulnerability, they have published a best practices guide for implementors of this chipset. In the interim, it may also be advisable to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure, ensuring they are configured to detect and block malicious command injection attempts.

Overview

The Quantenna Wi-Fi chipset, popular among various smart devices, is suffering from a significant security vulnerability (CVE-2025-32457). This vulnerability stems from an improperly neutralized argument delimiter in a command, leading to potential command injection. It poses a severe risk due to its potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32457
Severity: High – CVSS: 7.7
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, High Potential for Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Quantenna Wi-Fi chipset | Up to version 8.0.0.28

How the Exploit Works

The flaw lies in the local control script, router_command.sh, specifically in the get_file_from_qtn argument. This vulnerability can be exploited by injecting malicious commands into the argument, causing the system to execute these unwanted commands. This could potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited via command injection:

./router_command.sh get_file_from_qtn 'addr; rm -rf /' # This command will remove all the files in the root directory.

In this example, the argument following the semi-colon is interpreted as a separate command, which could lead to a potential system compromise.

Recommendation

We strongly recommend applying the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. Implementors are also encouraged to follow the best practices guide released by the vendor.

Overview

The Quantenna Wi-Fi chipset is exposed to a major security flaw known as CVE-2025-32456, a command injection vulnerability. This issue is of significant concern as it has the potential to compromise systems and leak sensitive data. It is a critical issue that needs immediate attention due to its high severity score of 7.7 on the CVSS, which quantifies the potential risks and the level of seriousness of this vulnerability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32456
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Quantenna Wi-Fi Chipset | Up to version 8.0.0.28

How the Exploit Works

The exploit targets a local control script, router_command.sh, in the ‘put_file_to_qtn’ argument. Due to improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command (CWE-88), an attacker can inject commands that the system processes. This command injection vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the target system, potentially compromising the system or leaking data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example demonstrates how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker injects a malicious command into the ‘put_file_to_qtn’ argument of the ‘router_command.sh’ script.

./router_command.sh put_file_to_qtn "/tmp; cat /etc/passwd > /tmp/passwd_copy"

In this example, the attacker tricks the system into executing a command that copies the contents of the ‘/etc/passwd’ file to a ‘/tmp/passwd_copy’, potentially leaking sensitive data.

Mitigation Measures

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help protect against potential exploits. Implementors of this chipset are also advised to follow the best practices guide released by the vendor.