Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-43286 exposes a permissions issue in macOS that could allow an application to break out of its sandbox. This potentially affects multiple macOS versions including Sequoia 15.7, Sonoma 14.8, and Tahoe 26. If exploited, the vulnerability could lead to a system compromise or data leakage, posing a serious threat to user data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-43286
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

macOS Sequoia | Up to 15.7
macOS Sonoma | Up to 14.8
macOS Tahoe | Up to 26

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by leveraging the permissions issue to break an application out of its sandbox, providing it with unrestricted access to the system. This is achieved by exploiting a flaw in the mechanism that macOS uses to implement application sandboxing. The details of the exact method used by the exploit are not disclosed to prevent misuse.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a simplified representation and thus may not exactly replicate the exploit:

#!/bin/bash
# This script attempts to break out of the application's sandbox
# by exploiting CVE-2025-43286
# Start the vulnerable application
open -a VulnerableApp
# Send a signal to the application to exploit the permissions issue
kill -s SIGUSR1 $(pgrep -x VulnerableApp)

Please note that the above script is a hypothetical representation of exploiting the vulnerability. It is provided for educational purposes and is not intended to be used in a malicious manner.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential exploitation. Regular monitoring of system logs and network traffic can also help in detecting any unusual activity.

Overview

The CVE-2025-43204 vulnerability is a serious security flaw found in macOS that allows an application to potentially break out of its sandbox. This breach in the security mechanism of the operating system can lead to a system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant risk to businesses and individual users alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-43204
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

macOS | Prior to Tahoe 26

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability involves a flaw in the sandboxing mechanism of macOS. An application within its sandbox can exploit this flaw to escalate its privileges and gain access to resources outside its designated sandbox. This could potentially lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data or even a complete system takeover.

Conceptual Example Code

While the specific details of the exploit are not disclosed to avoid misuse, a conceptual example would involve an application executing malicious code to exploit the flaw in the sandboxing mechanism. The code might look something like this:

// Malicious application code
try {
// Attempt to access resource outside sandbox
Resource resource = Sandbox.getResource("/path/outside/sandbox");
// If successful, execute malicious operation
resource.executeMaliciousOperation();
} catch (SandboxException e) {
// If caught by sandbox, exploit flaw to escape
Sandbox.escape(e);
}

This is a simplification of what the exploit might look like in practice, to illustrate the nature of the vulnerability without revealing exact exploit methods.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the CVE-2025-43204 vulnerability, users are strongly advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch included in macOS Tahoe 26. As a temporary mitigation measure, users can also employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent the exploitation of the vulnerability until the patch can be applied.

Overview

The CVE-2025-10203 vulnerability is a significant security concern affecting Digilent WaveForms 3.24.3 and prior versions. This software flaw, categorized as a relative path traversal vulnerability, could potentially lead to arbitrary code execution. The severity of this issue is further underscored by the fact that it could result in system compromise or data leakage, posing a serious threat to the confidentiality and integrity of user data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10203
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Digilent WaveForms | 3.24.3 and prior versions

How the Exploit Works

An attacker exploits this vulnerability by creating a specially crafted .DWF3WORK file, which contains malicious code. By getting a user to open this file, the attacker can trigger the vulnerability, allowing the malicious code to execute. The relative path traversal vulnerability exists due to improper input validation within Digilent WaveForms, enabling the attacker to manipulate file paths to access directories or files that should otherwise be inaccessible.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode demonstrates the conceptual approach an attacker might take to exploit this vulnerability:

# Create a malicious .DWF3WORK file with arbitrary code
malicious_file = create_malicious_file(".DWF3WORK")
# Craft the file path to traverse directories
malicious_path = "../target_directory/" + malicious_file
# Attempt to open the file, triggering the vulnerability
open_file(malicious_path)

This code is purely conceptual and is included to demonstrate the potential premise of an attack exploiting this vulnerability.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch to remediate this vulnerability. In the absence of such a patch, or pending its application, users can implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation strategy to detect and prevent attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

This report examines the vulnerability CVE-2025-10491, a significant security issue affecting MongoDB Server installations on Windows platforms. The vulnerability, if exploited, allows local attackers to inject malicious code into MongoDB’s process via DLL hijacking, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is especially concerning for organizations relying on MongoDB Server versions v6.0, v7.0, and v8.0.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10491
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MongoDB Server | v6.0 to 6.0.24
MongoDB Server | v7.0 to 7.0.20
MongoDB Server | v8.0 to 8.0.4

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the MongoDB Windows installation process, which may leave Access Control Lists (ACLs) unset on custom installation directories. An attacker with local access can exploit this oversight by introducing malicious DLL files into these directories. When the MongoDB Server process loads these hijacked DLLs, the malicious code is executed, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact method will depend on the system’s specifics, a conceptual example of the DLL hijacking process could look like this:

# gain local access and navigate to the custom installation directory
cd C:\path\to\mongodb\installation\directory
# introduce the malicious DLL
cp C:\path\to\malicious.dll .
# rename the malicious DLL to match a DLL that MongoDB Server is expected to load
mv malicious.dll expected.dll

In this example, `expected.dll` would be the name of a legitimate DLL that the MongoDB Server process is expecting to load. When the MongoDB Server process tries to load the `expected.dll`, it loads the malicious DLL instead, executing the hostile code.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-9201 pertains to a potential DLL hijacking issue that was identified in Lenovo Browser. This vulnerability primarily poses a threat to local users, granting them the ability to execute code with escalated privileges. This is of significant concern as it could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, severely impacting the integrity and confidentiality of the system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-9201
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Lenovo Browser | All versions prior to the security patch

How the Exploit Works

DLL hijacking is a method wherein an attacker can exploit the loading of DLL files by a program. In this case, the Lenovo Browser is tricked into loading a malicious DLL file instead of the legitimate one. As the browser executes the malicious DLL, the attacker’s code is run, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The conceptual example code might look like this:

# Attacker creates a malicious DLL
echo "malicious code" > evil.dll
# Attacker places the malicious DLL in a directory where Lenovo Browser looks for DLLs
mv evil.dll /path/where/lenovo/browser/looks/for/dlls/
# Now, when Lenovo Browser tries to load the DLL, it will load the malicious one

Mitigation

It is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible to fix this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as a temporary mitigation measure. However, these are not long-term solutions and the patch should be applied as soon as it is feasible.

Overview

This report details an identified vulnerability, CVE-2025-57392, within the BenimPOS Masaustu 3.0.x application. This security loophole is due to insecure file permissions that allow local users to modify .exe and .dll files, potentially leading to privilege escalation or arbitrary code execution. Any system or user that utilizes this application is at risk, and immediate action is required to mitigate potential data leakage or system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57392
Severity: High – CVSS Score 7.8
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Privilege escalation, potential system compromise, or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BenimPOS Masaustu | 3.0.x

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the insecure file permissions granted to the Everyone and BUILTIN\Users groups in the BenimPOS Masaustu installation directory. These permissions enable local users to replace or modify .exe and .dll files. As the application is launched by another user or an elevated context, arbitrary code may be executed, leading to privilege escalation or even full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of this vulnerability, a conceptual example would involve the replacement of an .exe or .dll file. An attacker could use a simple command-line copy command to replace a legitimate .exe or .dll file with a malicious one:

COPY /Y C:\path\to\malicious\file.dll C:\Program Files\BenimPOS Masaustu\file.dll

This example assumes a malicious .dll file has already been crafted and placed into the path specified.
Please note that this is a simplified and conceptual example and actual exploit may be more complex.

Overview

This report outlines a critical privilege escalation vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-50892. It affects the eudskacs.sys driver version 20250328 shipped with EaseUs Todo Backup 1.2.0.1. The vulnerability can allow a local, low-privileged attacker to perform arbitrary raw disk reads and writes, potentially leading to data leakage or system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50892
Severity: High, CVSS 7.8
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: The vulnerability can lead to unauthorized information disclosure, denial of service, or local privilege escalation.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

EaseUs Todo Backup | 1.2.0.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the eudskacs.sys driver’s failure to properly validate privileges for I/O requests (IRP_MJ_READ/IRP_MJ_WRITE) sent to its device object. An attacker with low-level privileges can send these requests to read or write data arbitrarily on the disk. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of system services, or an escalation of the attacker’s privileges on the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of this vulnerability, a conceptual exploit would involve a malicious low privileged application making a system call to the vulnerable driver, as demonstrated below:

#include <windows.h>
int main() {
HANDLE hDevice = CreateFile("\\\\.\\EUDSKACS", GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
if (hDevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
printf("Failed to open device: %d\n", GetLastError());
return 1;
}
DWORD bytesReturned;
if (!DeviceIoControl(hDevice, IOCTL_CODE, &inputBuffer, sizeof(inputBuffer), &outputBuffer, sizeof(outputBuffer), &bytesReturned, NULL)) {
printf("DeviceIoControl failed: %d\n", GetLastError());
return 1;
}
CloseHandle(hDevice);
return 0;
}

In this conceptual example, IOCTL_CODE would be a control code for an I/O operation that the eudskacs.sys driver does not properly validate. The inputBuffer and outputBuffer would contain arbitrary data to be written to or read from the disk.

Overview

CVE-2025-43885 is a critical vulnerability that affects Dell PowerProtect Data Manager versions 19.19 and 19.20, specifically in Hyper-V environments. The vulnerability, referred to as an ‘OS Command Injection’, can be potentially exploited by a low privileged attacker with local access, leading to unauthorized command execution, which could lead to a system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-43885
Severity: High (7.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized command execution leading potentially to system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Dell PowerProtect Data Manager | 19.19
Dell PowerProtect Data Manager | 19.20

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability occurs due to improper neutralization of special elements that are used in an OS command within the Hyper-V component of Dell PowerProtect Data Manager. An attacker with low privilege and local access could potentially exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious OS commands, which the system would then execute.

Conceptual Example Code

A hypothetical example of how the vulnerability might be exploited is shown below:

$ echo "; malicious_command" > /path/to/vulnerable/input/file

In this example, the malicious command is appended after a semicolon to the vulnerable input file, which is processed by the vulnerable application. The semicolon allows the attacker to execute additional commands following the intended command, leading to OS command injection.

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-43725, affects Dell PowerProtect Data Manager’s Generic Application Agent. This flaw opens the door for attackers, even those with low-level privileges, to potentially exploit the system, leading to code execution. This report delves into the details of this vulnerability, its potential impacts, and mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-43725
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Dell PowerProtect Data Manager | 19.19, 19.20

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from incorrect default permissions in the affected versions of the software. An attacker with local access and low-level privileges can exploit this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system. This could lead to unauthorized access, control over the system, or potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of a shell command an attacker might use to exploit this vulnerability:

$ echo "echo 'malicious_code' | sudo -u low_privileged_user /path/to/vulnerable/component"

In this example, the attacker is injecting ‘malicious_code’ into a component that has incorrect default permissions. This could lead to unauthorized actions being performed under the context of ‘low_privileged_user’.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended mitigation strategy is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help protect the system from potential exploits. Regular software updates and rigorous system monitoring can also help minimize the risk associated with this vulnerability.

Overview

CVE-2025-54260 is a critical vulnerability that exists in Substance3D – Modeler versions 1.22.2 and earlier. The vulnerability could lead to an out-of-bounds read when parsing a specially crafted file, potentially allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code. This vulnerability is of high concern as it could potentially allow unauthorized access to systems and data, subject to the privileges of the user running the application.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54260
Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Could lead to system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Substance3D – Modeler | 1.22.2 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in Substance3D – Modeler. When the application parses a maliciously crafted file, it can result in a read past the end of an allocated memory structure. An attacker can craft a specific file that, when opened by the application, triggers the vulnerability and executes code within the context of the current user.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example and does not reflect a specific code that could exploit this vulnerability. However, the exploit would likely involve a crafted file that triggers the out-of-bounds read.

# Pseudo code for crafted file
crafted_file = {
"header": "valid header",
"data": "valid data",
"malicious_code": "code that triggers out-of-bounds read"
}

The malicious_code part is crafted in such a way that it triggers the out-of-bounds read when the application tries to parse the file, leading to the execution of the malicious code.