Author: Ameeba

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a significant security vulnerability, CVE-2025-50493, in the PHPGurukul Doctor Appointment Management System version 1. This vulnerability stems from an improper session invalidation within the component /doctor/change-password.php, which could potentially allow attackers to execute a session hijacking attack. This situation is of grave concern as it exposes the system to possible compromise and data leakage, impacting not just the system’s integrity, but confidentiality and availability as well.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50493
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

PHPGurukul Doctor Appointment Management System | v1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability occurs due to the improper invalidation of sessions in the /doctor/change-password.php component. An attacker, upon obtaining a valid session ID, can hijack the session, gaining unauthorized access to the system. This could lead to a variety of potential security breaches, including system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited, involving an HTTP request that uses a stolen session ID:

GET /doctor/change-password.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Cookie: PHPSESSID=stolen_session_id

In this example, the attacker is using a stolen session ID to gain unauthorized access to the change password page, potentially allowing for system compromise or data leakage.
Please note that this is a hypothetical example. Real-world attacks may be more complex and require additional steps, such as actually locating and stealing a valid session ID.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended mitigation solution is to apply the vendor-provided patch, which addresses the improper session invalidation issue. In the meantime, or if a patch is not immediately available, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These interim solutions can help detect and prevent session hijacking attempts.

Overview

A significant security vulnerability, CVE-2025-50490, has been identified in the PHPGurukul Student Result Management System v2.0. This report provides details about the vulnerability, which allows potential attackers to execute a session hijacking attack due to improper session invalidation in the component /elms/emp-changepassword.php. As a result, this vulnerability poses a serious threat to institutions and organizations utilizing this system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50490
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

PHPGurukul Student Result Management System | v2.0

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-50490 vulnerability arises due to the incorrect handling of session invalidation in the emp-changepassword.php component. An attacker can exploit this by inducing a user to perform a change password operation. Because the session isn’t properly invalidated after the operation, the attacker can hijack the user’s session and potentially gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or system resources.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /elms/emp-changepassword.php?sessionID=<user session id> HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-system.com

Note: The above example is for illustrative purposes only and does not represent an actual exploit script. The exact method and sequence of commands to exploit this vulnerability would depend on several factors, including the specific configuration of the affected system.
In conclusion, this vulnerability poses a significant threat to the security of any organization using the PHPGurukul Student Result Management System v2.0. The recommended mitigation strategy is to apply the vendor’s patch, or in its absence, use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation.

Overview

The CVE-2024-49342 vulnerability affects IBM Informix Dynamic Server versions 12.10 and 14.10. The server uses inadequate account lockout settings, which could potentially allow remote attackers to brute force account credentials. This vulnerability is critical as it can lead to system compromise or data leakage if exploited.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-49342
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IBM Informix Dynamic Server | 12.10
IBM Informix Dynamic Server | 14.10

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the inadequate account lockout settings in IBM Informix Dynamic Server. Without appropriate lockout mechanisms, an attacker can engage in a brute force attack, systematically trying all possible combinations for account credentials until successful. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely, without any user interaction.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited.

for password in `cat dictionary.txt`
do
echo Trying password: $password
curl --data "username=admin&password=$password" http://target.example.com/login
if [ "$?" -eq "0" ]; then
echo "Found password: $password"
break
fi
done

In this example, the attacker uses a script to go through a list of common passwords (`dictionary.txt`). The script sends HTTP POST requests with the username and password to the login endpoint of the target server. If the server responds with a success message, the script halts and the password is found.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation, configured to detect and block multiple failed login attempts within a certain period of time.

Overview

CVE-2025-6991 is a significant security vulnerability discovered in the Kallyas theme for WordPress. This flaw allows authenticated attackers with Contributor-level access or higher to execute arbitrary PHP code on the server. It impacts all versions up to and including 4.21.0 of the Kallyas theme, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6991
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Contributor-level access
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Kallyas WordPress Theme | Up to and including 4.21.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the ‘TH_LatestPosts4` widget of the Kallyas theme for WordPress. The flaw allows authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access or higher, to include and execute arbitrary .php files on the server. This enables the execution of any PHP code present within the included files, which could bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution especially when .php file types can be uploaded and included.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=th_latest_posts4 HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
file=../../../wp-config.php

In the example above, an attacker requests the WordPress configuration file (`wp-config.php`), which contains sensitive information such as database credentials. This request uses directory traversal (`../../../`) to navigate to the location of the `wp-config.php` file.

Overview

This report details the CVE-2025-8198 vulnerability that affects the MinimogWP – The High Converting eCommerce WordPress Theme. The vulnerability allows for price manipulation due to an insufficient check on quantity values, and could potentially be exploited by unauthenticated attackers to compromise the system or leak data. Being an eCommerce platform, the implications of this vulnerability are significant, as they involve potential financial loss and breach of customer trust.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8198
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Web Application
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MinimogWP WordPress Theme | All versions up to and including 3.9.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the failure of the MinimogWP WordPress theme to adequately check quantity values when they are changed in the cart. This failure allows an unauthenticated attacker to modify the quantity of items in the cart to a fractional amount, which subsequently changes the total price based on the fractional amount.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /cart/update HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"item_id": "123",
"quantity": "0.1"
}

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the /cart/update endpoint, changing the quantity of the item with id “123” to “0.1”. This changes the total price to 10% of the original price.

Mitigation Guidance

Vendors are advised to apply the available patch immediately. Temporary mitigation can be achieved by using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). It is also recommended to upgrade WooCommerce to version 9.8.2 or above, as the vulnerability cannot be exploited with this version installed.

Overview

The GeoDirectory and Classified Listings Directory plugins for WordPress have been found to contain a time-based SQL injection vulnerability. This vulnerability, assigned the identifier CVE-2024-13507, affects all versions of the plugins up to and including 2.8.97. Due to the nature of this vulnerability, unauthenticated attackers could extract sensitive information from the database, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. This report serves to provide a detailed overview of the vulnerability, its impact, and mitigation guidance.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-13507
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GeoDirectory – WP Business Directory Plugin | Up to and including 2.8.97
Classified Listings Directory Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 2.8.97

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the handling of the ‘dist’ parameter within the plugins. Due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lack of sufficient preparation on the existing SQL query, an attacker can manipulate the ‘dist’ parameter to append additional SQL queries to the existing ones. This allows an unauthenticated attacker to extract sensitive information from the database.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a sample HTTP GET request, where the ‘dist’ parameter is manipulated to execute a malicious SQL query.

GET /vulnerable_page.php?dist=1' UNION ALL SELECT null,@@version-- HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the “dist” parameter is manipulated to execute a UNION SQL command, retrieving database version information. In a real attack, the SQL query could be customized to retrieve more sensitive information or even manipulate the database.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended that users update their GeoDirectory and Classified Listings Directory WordPress plugins to the latest version. If an update is not immediately possible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may provide temporary mitigation by identifying and blocking malicious SQL injection attempts.

Overview

The CVE-2025-8183 vulnerability is a critical flaw that exists within the µD3TN software where a NULL Pointer Dereference error can be exploited via the destination Endpoint Identifier. This vulnerability potentially affects all systems and networks utilising this software, leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given the severity score of 7.5, it is crucial that administrators take immediate action to mitigate this vulnerability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-8183
Severity: High – CVSS 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

µD3TN | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

A remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a carefully crafted network request to the non-singleton destination Endpoint Identifier of the µD3TN software. This causes a NULL Pointer Dereference, leading to a crash in the system and hence, a denial of service. It’s possible that, in some circumstances, this could be further exploited to execute arbitrary code on the system, leading to a full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual HTTP POST request that might trigger the vulnerability:

POST /uD3TN/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "destination": null }

In this example, the “destination” field is intentionally set to null, which could cause the NULL Pointer Dereference in the µD3TN application.

Mitigation

Users of affected versions of µD3TN should apply the latest vendor patches immediately. If unable to apply the patch immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation, blocking malicious requests that attempt to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The Frontend File Manager Plugin for WordPress, a widely used platform for website creation and management, suffers from a serious vulnerability, identified as CVE-2023-7306. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to delete arbitrary posts, posing a significant threat to data integrity and potentially leading to unauthorized information disclosure. The vulnerability affects all versions up to, and including, 21.5.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-7306
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized loss of data, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Frontend File Manager Plugin for WordPress | All versions up to, and including, 21.5

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2023-7306 vulnerability lies in the wpfm_delete_multiple_files() function of the Frontend File Manager Plugin, which does not perform an appropriate capability check. This oversight allows unauthenticated users to send requests to this function, leading to the deletion of arbitrary posts without any necessary permissions or authentication.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=wpfm_delete_multiple_files HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "file_ids": ["1", "2", "3"] }

In this example, an unauthenticated attacker sends a POST request to the wpfm_delete_multiple_files function, specifying the IDs of the files they wish to delete. Without an appropriate capability check in place, the function processes the request and deletes the specified files.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, affected users are recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure, helping to detect and block malicious requests.

Overview

The CVE-2025-33109 is a critical vulnerability that affects IBM i versions 7.2 through 7.6. This vulnerability could allow a bad actor to escalate privileges and execute a database procedure or function without required permissions. Moreover, this vulnerability could also lead to a denial of service for some database actions. This is a significant issue that requires immediate attention due to the potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-33109
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Privilege escalation and potential denial of service

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IBM i | 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, and 7.6

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of an invalid database authority check in IBM i. A bad actor could execute a database procedure or function without having all required permissions, essentially bypassing the security measures in place. This could lead to a privilege escalation, granting the attacker access to sensitive data and system capabilities. Additionally, this exploit could also cause a denial of service for some database actions.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is not actual exploit code but an illustration of the potential attack mechanism.

EXECUTE AS USER = 'low_privilege_user'
GO
-- This is a function/procedure that should require higher privileges
EXECUTE dbo.vulnerable_procedure
GO

In this example, a low-privileged user is executing a database procedure that normally requires higher privileges. The invalid authority check in IBM i versions 7.2 through 7.6 allows this to happen without raising any security flags.

Mitigation Guidance

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may provide temporary mitigation. However, this should not be considered a long-term solution, as it does not address the root cause of the vulnerability.

Overview

This report details a significant vulnerability in LibHTP, a security-aware parser for the HTTP protocol. The vulnerability, referenced as CVE-2025-53537, affects versions 0.5.50 and below, allowing attackers to starve a process of memory, causing loss of visibility. This particular vulnerability carries significant implications for any entity using an affected LibHTP version, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53537
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

LibHTP | 0.5.50 and below

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-53537 vulnerability originates from a memory leak in LibHTP’s handling of HTTP traffic. If an attacker can generate sufficient traffic, it can starve the process of memory. This memory starvation can lead to a loss of visibility, which can potentially pave the way for further attacks and exploitation.

Conceptual Example Code

Though the specifics of the exploit are not public, an attacker might generate massive traffic to the target server to induce memory leak. A conceptual example of how this might be done is shown below:

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
data=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA...

This example sends a POST request with a large payload to the target server. An attacker might automate this and send multiple requests concurrently, potentially leading to memory exhaustion.

Mitigation and Solution

The LibHTP team has released a fix for this vulnerability in version 0.5.51. It is highly recommended that users update to this version to avoid exposure. If unable to update immediately, users can mitigate the risk by setting `suricata.yaml app-layer.protocols.http.libhtp.default-config.lzma-enabled` to false. Alternatively, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide a temporary mitigation against potential exploits.