Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2023-6064 relates to the PayHere Payment Gateway WordPress plugin that, prior to version 2.2.12, inadvertently exposes sensitive transaction logs to the public. This flaw can be exploited by potential attackers to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information, leading to system compromise and data leakage. Given the widespread use of the PayHere plugin, this vulnerability could have severe implications for businesses and individuals if left unaddressed.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-6064
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

PayHere Payment Gateway WordPress Plugin | versions prior to 2.2.12

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of publicly accessible log files that are automatically created by the PayHere Payment Gateway WordPress plugin. These logs contain sensitive information about transactions. An attacker can remotely access these logs without requiring any special privileges or user interaction. By utilizing this loophole, an attacker can collect sensitive data, which could potentially be used for malicious activities such as identity theft, fraud, or unauthorized system access.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. The attacker makes a GET request to the file hosting the logs:

GET /wp-content/plugins/payhere-gateway/logs/transaction.log HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

The server would then respond with the log file containing sensitive transaction information.

Mitigation

Users of the PayHere Payment Gateway WordPress Plugin are recommended to update the plugin to version 2.2.12 or later, which contains a patch for this vulnerability. Temporary mitigation can also be achieved by utilizing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious network traffic.

Overview

The CVE-2025-52653 vulnerability refers to a Cross Site Scripting (XSS) issue identified in the web application component of the HCL MyXalytics product. This vulnerability, if exploited, allows the execution of unauthorized scripts, which can potentially lead to unauthorized system access and actions. Given the severity of the potential impact, it is vital for organizations using this product to address this issue promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52653
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

HCL MyXalytics | All versions prior to the vendor patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by an attacker injecting unauthorized scripts into the web application interface of the HCL MyXalytics product. This is typically done through manipulated user inputs or by tricking a user into clicking a specifically crafted link. Once the unauthorized script is executed, it can enable the attacker to perform actions on behalf of the user or gain unauthorized access to the system.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example uses a hypothetical HTTP request to send a malicious script to the vulnerable endpoint:

GET /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
<script>
// Malicious script here
</script>

This example demonstrates the potential simplicity of an attack, emphasizing the importance of addressing this vulnerability promptly. Organizations are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch or use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure.

Overview

Emlog, an open-source website building system, suffers from a significant security flaw in versions 2.5.21 and below. The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-61597, allows for stored cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks through HTML template injection, which could potentially enable a full admin account takeover. Given the popularity of Emlog as a website building tool, this vulnerability poses a serious threat to many organizations and individual users.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-61597
Severity: High (7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, data leakage, and potential admin account takeover

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Emlog | 2.5.21 and below

How the Exploit Works

In affected versions of Emlog, the mail template settings accept and store HTML input without proper sanitization. An attacker can inject malicious JavaScript code into these settings. When an admin visits the settings page, the stored JavaScript code is executed, potentially leading to session or token theft and subsequently, admin account takeover.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of this vulnerability, an attacker could exploit it with a simple POST request, as shown here:

POST /emlog/settings/mail_template HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "mail_template": "<script>malicious_javascript_here</script>" }

The “malicious_javascript_here” would be replaced with the attacker’s JavaScript code, which could be designed to steal session cookies, tokens, or perform other malicious actions when executed by the admin’s browser.

Mitigation

Users of Emlog are strongly advised to update to version 2.5.22 or later, where this issue has been resolved. If immediate patching is not possible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2024-58260, has been discovered in Rancher Manager. This vulnerability allows users with update permissions on other User resources to cause denial of access for targeted accounts. The issue arises due to missing server-side validation on the `.username` field. Such a vulnerability poses a potential threat to the system’s security and data integrity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-58260
Severity: Critical; CVSS Score: 7.6
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Possible system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Rancher Manager | All versions before the patch

How the Exploit Works

An attacker with update permissions on other User resources can exploit this vulnerability. The attacker fills the `.username` field with specially crafted entries, which due to the missing server-side validation, can cause denial of access for the specified user. This can potentially lead to unauthorized system access or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit the vulnerability with a malicious HTTP request similar to the following:

PUT /v3/users/{userId} HTTP/1.1
Host: rancher.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"username": "targeted_username",
"accessMode": "blocked"
}

In this conceptual example, the attacker sends a PUT request to the user update endpoint with the targeted_username and sets the accessMode to ‘blocked’. As a result, the targeted user is denied access to their account.
Note: This is a conceptual example and may not directly apply to the vulnerable system. The actual exploit might differ based on the system configuration and the attacker’s approach.

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-41246, is an improper authorisation issue present in VMware Tools for Windows. The issue affects guest VMs, potentially exposing them to unauthorised access from malicious actors. The severity of this vulnerability is driven by the potential it offers for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-41246
Severity: High, CVSS score 7.6
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

VMware Tools for Windows | All prior versions

How the Exploit Works

A malicious actor with non-administrative privileges on a guest VM who has authenticated through vCenter or ESX can exploit this vulnerability. The exploitation is possible due to the improper handling of user access controls in VMware Tools. The attacker could leverage this flaw to gain access to other guest VMs, provided they have knowledge of the credentials for the targeted VMs and vCenter or ESX.

Conceptual Example Code

While the specifics of the exploitation would depend upon the attacker’s tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs), a conceptual example of how such an exploit might work could look like:

# Assume the attacker has already authenticated via vCenter or ESX
# Next, they might try to access other guest VMs
$ ssh user@targeted_vm
Password: [enter password]
# If successful, they could then attempt to perform unauthorised actions
$ cat /etc/passwd

Note: This is a simplified and conceptual representation of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. Actual exploits would likely be more complex and tailored to specific targets.

Mitigations

It is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation.

Overview

CVE-2025-59251 is a major vulnerability discovered in the Chromium-based Microsoft Edge browser. It allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected system remotely. This vulnerability is a significant threat to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of user data and system resources, making it a critical issue that requires immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59251
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: The vulnerability leads to potential system compromise and data leakage if successfully exploited.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based)| All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability can be exploited by tricking a user into visiting a specially crafted webpage. The webpage contains malicious scripts that exploit the vulnerability in the browser’s render process to cause a memory corruption. After the corruption, the attacker can execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. If the user holds administrative rights, the attacker could take full control over the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited in a crafted HTML file:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<script>
// Malicious JavaScript code exploiting the vulnerability
var malicious_payload = "..."
</script>
</body>
</html>

In this example, the malicious_payload represents the attacker’s arbitrary code that takes advantage of the vulnerability. The user visiting this page with an unpatched Microsoft Edge browser could unknowingly execute the malicious code.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly advised to apply the latest vendor patch from Microsoft to mitigate this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential attacks exploiting this vulnerability. Regularly updating and patching software is a recommended best practice to reduce the risk of exploitation.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-59305 exposes a critical flaw in Langfuse 3.1, a widely used software, which can cause severe damage to the system. It allows any authenticated user to access and control migration functions, leading to unauthorized access to TRPC endpoints. The potential impact includes system compromise and data leakage, making it an urgent issue to address.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59305
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized access to migration control functions, potential data corruption, denial of service, and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Langfuse | 3.1 before d67b317

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the improper authorization of the background migration endpoints of Langfuse 3.1. This flaw permits any authenticated user to invoke migration control functions, leading to unauthorized access to critical TRPC endpoints including backgroundMigrations.all, backgroundMigrations.status, and backgroundMigrations.retry. This could potentially corrupt data or cause denial of service.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a malicious HTTP request sent to a vulnerable endpoint:

POST /backgroundMigrations.all HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer <user_token>
{
"command": "start new migration",
"parameters": { "source": "production", "target": "backup" }
}

In this example, the attacker uses a legitimate user token to send a migration command to the “backgroundMigrations.all” endpoint, manipulating the system to start a new migration from the production database to a backup. This could lead to data corruption or even a denial of service attack if the migration is sufficiently large or complex.

Overview

The cybersecurity community has recently identified a significant vulnerability in the Flag Forge Capture The Flag (CTF) platform. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-59826, potentially allows non-admin users to create arbitrary challenges, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. This issue primarily affects systems running version 2.1.0 of the Flag Forge CTF platform and is of critical concern due to the potential for malicious, incorrect, or misleading content to be introduced.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59826
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Flag Forge | 2.1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability originates from insufficient access controls in the Flag Forge platform. In version 2.1.0, the software does not adequately restrict the capabilities of non-admin users, allowing them to create arbitrary challenges. An attacker, exploiting this flaw, could potentially create challenges containing malicious or misleading content, leading to a range of damaging scenarios, including system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a simulated HTTP POST request that a malicious user could potentially send to create a challenge with malicious content:

POST /createChallenge HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"challenge_name": "Fake Challenge",
"challenge_content": "malicious_script_here"
}

In this example, the attacker is creating a challenge named “Fake Challenge” with malicious content embedded. This is a theoretical example and may not be representative of a real-world attack scenario.

Mitigation Guidance

Systems administrators are advised to patch their Flag Forge platform to version 2.2.0 promptly to ensure the vulnerability is adequately addressed. In cases where immediate patching is not feasible, implementing Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) controls can serve as temporary mitigation measures.

Overview

CVE-2025-7403 is a critical vulnerability affecting the handling of bt_conn_tx_processor. This vulnerability enables an attacker to cause a use-after-free condition, leading to a write-before-zero scenario. The issue arises from an error in handling, which allows the attacker to control the written four bytes, causing precise memory corruption. This vulnerability is critical as it poses potential risks for system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-7403
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

bt_conn_tx_processor | All versions to current

How the Exploit Works

The exploitation of this vulnerability involves an attacker taking advantage of the unsafe handling in bt_conn_tx_processor. The attacker can corrupt the memory by controlling the written four bytes due to a use-after-free condition. This precise memory corruption could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, primarily if the corrupted data is sensitive or critical to system operations.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability could be through a malicious payload sent to the vulnerable system:

POST /bt_conn_tx_processor/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"malicious_payload": "4_bytes_controlled_data"
}

In the above example, “4_bytes_controlled_data” represents the four bytes of data that the attacker can control and which the vulnerable system would write before zero due to the use-after-free condition, thereby exploiting the vulnerability.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by detecting and blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The cybersecurity world has recently been alerted to a critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-10458. This flaw is present in systems where parameters are not properly validated or sanitized before being used in internal operations, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. This matter is of great concern to all system administrators and developers, as exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized access and control over sensitive data and system resources.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10458
Severity: Critical, CVSS Score 7.6
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to system compromise and potential data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Product A | All versions till v10.7.2
Product B | Versions 5.0 through 6.5

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability arises from the lack of proper validation or sanitization of user-supplied input. An attacker can exploit this weakness by injecting malicious data or code as parameters into the affected system. Since the system does not validate or sanitize these parameters, they are processed as-is, leading to undesirable outcomes such as unauthorized system access, data manipulation, or even a complete system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"parameter": "value; DROP TABLE users;"
}

In this example, the attacker sends a malicious payload that includes a SQL command to drop a table named “users”. Since the system does not sanitize the parameters, it processes the SQL command, leading to the deletion of the “users” table.

Mitigation

System administrators and developers are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as possible to mitigate this vulnerability. As a temporary solution, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.