Author: Ameeba

Overview

The CVE-2025-2875 is a critical vulnerability that affects controller’s webserver URLs, allowing unauthenticated attackers to manipulate them and access resources. This potential breach of security can lead to a significant loss of confidentiality, system compromise, or data leakage, posing a risk to both individuals and organizations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2875
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Loss of confidentiality, potential system compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Controller’s Webserver | All versions up to current

How the Exploit Works

An attacker exploits this vulnerability by manipulating the controller’s webserver URL. Because the reference to the resource is externally controlled, the attacker could potentially gain access to sensitive resources. This unauthorized access could lead to a variety of negative outcomes, depending on the nature of the accessed resources.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, the attacker manipulates the URL to reference a resource that should not be accessible:

GET /controller/webserver/resource?ref=malicious_resource HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com

This request could potentially allow the attacker to access the ‘malicious_resource’, which may contain sensitive data or provide unauthorized control over the system.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. It is also advisable to regularly update and patch the system, and to follow best security practices for webserver configuration.

Overview

CVE-2025-24308 refers to a critical vulnerability found in the UEFI firmware error handler for Intel’s Server D50DNP and M50FCP. The vulnerability arises from improper input validation which potentially allows a privileged user to escalate their privileges via local access. This poses a significant threat as a successful exploit could lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24308
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Intel Server D50DNP | All versions prior to patch
Intel Server M50FCP | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability takes advantage of improper input validation in the UEFI firmware error handler. A privileged user could manipulate this by passing malicious input to the error handler. The system would then process the malicious input, leading to an escalation of privilege. This could allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to system resources or sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this scenario, a shell command is used to manipulate the input validation process:

# Attacker with local access runs a malicious command
$ echo "malicious_input" > /sys/firmware/uefi/error_handler

In this example, the “malicious_input” could be specially crafted to exploit the improper input validation, leading to privilege escalation. It’s crucial to note that this is a conceptual representation and may not reflect the actual exploit code.

Mitigation Guidance

To protect against this vulnerability, it’s recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary mitigation. Regularly updating systems, limiting user privileges, and monitoring system logs can also help in identifying and preventing potential exploits.

Overview

The CVE-2025-21094 vulnerability is a serious security flaw that impacts the UEFI firmware DXE module for Intel’s Server D50DNP and M50FCP boards. As a significant security concern, this vulnerability can potentially enable a privileged user to escalate their privileges through local access, leading to system compromise or potential data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-21094
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Local Access
Privileges Required: Privileged User
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System Compromise and Potential Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Intel Server D50DNP | All versions prior to the patch
Intel Server M50FCP | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability essentially stems from improper input validation in the UEFI firmware DXE module. A privileged user with local access to the system can exploit this improper input validation to manipulate the system’s execution or data flow. This manipulation can potentially enable the user to gain higher privileges than originally assigned, leading to unauthorized system access and control, and even potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode illustrates how this vulnerability might be exploited.

def exploit():
# Assume a malicious user has local access
user = get_local_user()
# The user tries to manipulate the system's execution or data flow
if user.is_privileged():
malicious_input = create_malicious_input()
send_input_to_DXE_module(malicious_input)
def create_malicious_input():
# This would be the malicious input designed to exploit the improper input validation
# The exact nature of this input would depend on the specific vulnerability
return "malicious_input"

Mitigation Guidance

The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability would be to apply the vendor’s patch. If for some reason the patch cannot be applied immediately, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, helping to detect and potentially block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-20100 represents a significant risk for systems utilizing certain Intel(R) Xeon(R) 6 processors with E-cores. Improper access control in the memory controller configurations of these processors may potentially allow a privileged user to escalate their permissions through local access, leading to severe consequences such as system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-20100
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: High (privileged user)
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Intel(R) Xeon(R) 6 Processor E-cores | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of improper access control in the memory controller configurations of Intel(R) Xeon(R) 6 processors with E-cores. A privileged user can manipulate these configurations to escalate their privileges. This could allow the malicious user to execute commands or access data they should not have access to, leading to potential system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited in a Linux environment:

# Privileged user accesses the memory controller configuration
sudo cat /proc/meminfo
# Maliciously modifies memory controller configuration
echo "malicious_configuration" | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs

This is a simplified example for illustrative purposes. Actual exploitation would likely involve more complex manipulation of memory controller configurations, and potentially other system components.
In response to this vulnerability, Intel has provided a patch to correct the access control configurations. As a temporary mitigation, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-20083, is an improper authentication flaw found in the firmware of the Intel(R) Slim Bootloader. It is a critical issue that may permit a privileged user to escalate their privileges via local access. This vulnerability can potentially lead to a complete system compromise or data leakage, affecting all systems running the vulnerable versions of this firmware.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-20083
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: High (Privileged User)
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Intel(R) Slim Bootloader | All versions prior to vendor patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an improper authentication mechanism in the firmware of the Intel(R) Slim Bootloader. A locally authenticated user with high privileges can exploit this flaw to escalate their privileges. The exact technical details of the exploit are not disclosed to prevent misuse, but it involves manipulating the authentication process to gain higher-level permissions.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. It’s written in pseudocode for illustrative purposes:

def exploit(target_system):
if check_high_privileges(target_system.user):
manipulate_auth_process(target_system.firmware)
if check_escalated_privilege(target_system.user):
print("Privilege escalation successful.")
compromise_system(target_system)
else:
print("Exploit failed.")
else:
print("High privileged user required.")

This pseudocode represents a situation where an attacker, already having high privileges on the target system, attempts to manipulate the authentication process of the vulnerable firmware. If successful, the attacker escalates their privileges and compromises the system.

Mitigation and Recommendations

The most effective solution is to apply the vendor’s patch for this vulnerability. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Regular monitoring for suspicious activities and enforcing least privilege principle can also help to limit the potential impact from this vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-20082 is a time-of-check time-of-use race condition found in the UEFI firmware SmiVariable driver. This vulnerability notably affects Intel(R) Server D50DNP and M50FCP boards, posing a significant threat to the security of these systems. It grants a privileged user the ability to escalate privileges via local access, which could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-20082
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Intel(R) Server D50DNP | All versions prior to patch
Intel(R) Server M50FCP | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a race condition in the UEFI firmware SmiVariable driver. A race condition occurs when the system’s behavior is dependent on the sequence or timing of uncontrollable events. In this case, a privileged user can exploit the time lapse between the check (time-of-check) and the use (time-of-use) of a variable. This allows the user to alter the variable during this time lapse, escalating their privileges and potentially compromising the system or leaking data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode illustrates a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

// Attacker with high privileges executes code
function exploitRaceCondition() {
checkVariable(); // Time-of-check
delay(); // Time lapse
alterVariable(); // Time-of-use, altering the variable during the time lapse
}
exploitRaceCondition();

This code snippet represents the basic logic an attacker might follow to exploit this vulnerability, using their high privileges to check, delay, and then alter a variable.

Overview

This report explores CVE-2025-30397, a significant vulnerability affecting the Microsoft Scripting Engine. This flaw, characterized by access of a resource using an incompatible type (‘type confusion’), could allow an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. This vulnerability is of particular concern to network administrators and organizations using Microsoft products, as its exploitation can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30397
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Scripting Engine | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

This exploitation leverages a ‘type confusion’ vulnerability in the Microsoft Scripting Engine. The flaw occurs when the system accesses a resource using an incompatible type, disrupting the normal flow of data and potentially leading to unintended behavior. In this case, an attacker can manipulate this behavior to execute arbitrary code over a network without any user interaction or privilege requirement, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /exploit/cve-2025-30397 HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"type_confusion_payload": "arbitrary_code_to_execute"
}

In this example, the attacker sends a malicious payload `arbitrary_code_to_execute` through an HTTP POST request. This payload triggers the ‘type confusion’ vulnerability in the Microsoft Scripting Engine, potentially leading to unauthorized code execution.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. If immediate patching is not feasible, temporary mitigation measures such as using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be employed.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-29971 is a critical issue present in the Web Threat Defense (WTD.sys) system. It allows an unauthorized attacker to exploit an out-of-bounds read, causing a denial of service over a network, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability affects all systems running WTD.sys, making it a significant concern for organizations and individuals alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-29971
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of service, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Web Threat Defense System | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an out-of-bounds read in the WTD.sys system. An attacker sends specially crafted packets over the network to the target system. These packets trigger the out-of-bounds read, causing the WTD.sys to crash, which in turn creates a denial of service condition. In some instances, this vulnerability could also lead to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The below is a conceptual representation of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode represents a malicious packet triggering the out-of-bounds read.

GET /WTD.sys/process_packet?index=-1 HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

The `index=-1` in the request is an example of the kind of malicious input that could trigger an out-of-bounds read, as it is an invalid value for the packet index.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the effects of this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. If applying the patch is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation by blocking malicious packets that attempt to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-29969 is a critical security flaw found in Windows Fundamentals, which could potentially allow an authorized attacker to execute malicious code over a network. This vulnerability is significant due to the widespread use of Windows systems worldwide and could lead to serious security breaches, including complete system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-29969
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Windows Fundamentals | All versions up to the latest

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by leveraging a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in Windows Fundamentals. An attacker can manipulate the timing of operations to execute unauthorized commands or access sensitive data. This occurs when the system checks an operation’s permissions and when the operation is performed. If the state of the system changes between these two events, it may allow the attacker to carry out actions they would otherwise be prevented from doing.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a shell command:

# Attacker monitors the system for a vulnerable operation
monitor_operation(){
while true; do
if [ -f /path/to/vulnerable/file ]; then
# Launch malicious actions when the vulnerable operation is detected
malicious_actions
fi
done
}
# Attacker's malicious actions
malicious_actions(){
echo "malicious code" > /path/to/vulnerable/file
}
# Attacker starts monitoring
monitor_operation &

This conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker could monitor a system for a vulnerable operation and then execute malicious actions when the operation is detected. This is a simplification of the actual exploit but illustrates the general mechanism of a TOCTOU race condition.

Overview

CVE-2025-29842 refers to a critical vulnerability in UrlMon that allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature by blending extraneous untrusted data with trusted data. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, affecting any system or application relying on UrlMon.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-29842
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

UrlMon | All versions before patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from a flaw in UrlMon where it does not properly differentiate between trusted and untrusted data input. An attacker can exploit this by merging untrusted data with trusted data, thus bypassing the security feature. This could potentially grant unauthorized access to sensitive data or even allow control over the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"trusted_data": "..."
"untrusted_data": "malicious_payload"
}

In this hypothetical scenario, an attacker sends a POST request to a vulnerable endpoint with both trusted and untrusted data. The untrusted data contains a malicious payload that the system accepts due to the flaw in UrlMon.
It is essential to address this vulnerability immediately. The recommended mitigation strategy is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. As a temporary measure, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) might help detect and prevent exploitation attempts.