Author: Ameeba

Overview

A critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-60660, has been identified in Tenda AC18 V15.03.05.19. This vulnerability is of significant concern because it allows malicious actors to potentially compromise the system or leak data by exploiting a stack overflow in the mac parameter via the fromAdvSetMacMtuWan function. This report is intended to provide a comprehensive understanding of this vulnerability, its impact, and mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-60660
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Successful exploitation of the vulnerability could result in system compromise and potential data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC18 | V15.03.05.19

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to insufficient bounds checking by the fromAdvSetMacMtuWan function in the Tenda AC18 firmware. An attacker can send a specially crafted request with a too-large mac parameter, causing a stack overflow. This can lead to memory corruption, giving the attacker the ability to execute arbitrary code or disrupt the service, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example demonstrating how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /fromAdvSetMacMtuWan HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "mac": "A1:B2:C3:D4:E5:F6" + "A" * 5000 } // Overflows the stack

In this example, the “mac” parameter value is excessively long, enough to overflow the stack buffer allocated for it.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the patch provided by the vendor at the earliest. Until the patch can be applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block or alert on suspicious activity can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. It is always advised to regularly update and patch all systems, software, and firmware to protect against the latest known vulnerabilities and threats.

Overview

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-56161, is a significant cybersecurity threat affecting YOSHOP 2.0. The exploit allows unauthenticated users to disclose sensitive information via comment-list API endpoints in the Goods module. As a result, crucial user data, such as bcrypt password hash, mobile number, pay_money, and expend_money, are exposed in JSON responses, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56161
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized disclosure of information, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

YOSHOP | 2.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the comment-list API endpoints in the Goods module of YOSHOP 2.0. The Comment model eagerly loads the related User model without any field filtering. As the User.php defines no $hidden or $visible attributes, sensitive fields like bcrypt password hash, mobile number, pay_money, and expend_money are exposed in JSON responses. This information can be accessed without authentication, leading to significant data leakage risk.

Conceptual Example Code

A potential exploit could involve a simple HTTP request to the vulnerable endpoint as shown below:

GET /api/goods.pinglun/list HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json

The server would then reply with a JSON response containing the sensitive user information.

Mitigation

YOSHOP users are advised to apply the latest vendor patches as soon as they are available. As a temporary mitigation, users can employ Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block any suspicious activities. It’s also recommended to review the codebase and add necessary field filtering or data hiding mechanisms to protect sensitive fields in the User model.

Overview

The CVE-2025-59745 highlights a significant vulnerability in the cryptographic process of AndSoft’s e-TMS v25.03, a widely used software. This vulnerability stems from the software’s usage of MD5, a hash algorithm that has proven to be insecure and prone to collision attacks. This flaw exposes user credentials and potentially opens doors for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59745
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

AndSoft’s e-TMS | v25.03

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the use of the MD5 hash algorithm for password encryption in the AndSoft’s e-TMS v25.03 software. The MD5 is known for its cryptographic weaknesses, principally its susceptibility to collision attacks. This means that two different input values can produce the same hash output, making it possible for an attacker to guess the original input. Since this is used to encrypt passwords in the software, it exposes user credentials to potential risks.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual demonstration of how an attacker might utilize this vulnerability. In this instance, an attacker could use a rainbow table, a precomputed table for reversing cryptographic hash functions, to decode the MD5 hashes.

import hashlib
# Precomputed rainbow table
rainbow_table = {...}
# Intercepted MD5 hash
captured_hash = "5d41402abc4b2a76b9719d911017c592"
# Use the rainbow table to reverse the hash
if captured_hash in rainbow_table:
cracked_password = rainbow_table[captured_hash]
print("Cracked password:", cracked_password)
else:
print("Password not found in rainbow table.")

This is a simplified example, but it illustrates how an attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability. A real-world attack would likely involve more complexities, including network snooping to capture encrypted passwords and more sophisticated methods for hash cracking.

Overview

A critical path traversal vulnerability has been identified in AndSoft’s e-TMS software version 25.03. This vulnerability, tagged as CVE-2025-59744, poses a significant risk to businesses using the affected software as it could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. The risk arises from the potential for an attacker to access files within the web root using the “docurl” parameter in the URL path.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59744
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

AndSoft’s e-TMS | 25.03

How the Exploit Works

The exploit operates by manipulating the “docurl” parameter in the “/lib/asp/DOCSAVEASASP.ASP” URL. By adjusting this parameter, an attacker is able to traverse the directory structure within the web root. This allows unauthorized access to sensitive files, potentially leading to data leakage or system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of an HTTP request that could exploit this vulnerability:

GET /lib/asp/DOCSAVEASASP.ASP?docurl=../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker is attempting to access the Unix password file by exploiting the path traversal vulnerability.
To mitigate against this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may serve as temporary mitigation.

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been identified in TP-Link’s AX1800 WiFi 6 Router (Archer AX21) devices that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code as the root user. This vulnerability can potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, affecting both individual and enterprise users. It is vital that users and administrators understand this threat and apply the recommended mitigations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-28760
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Local Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access, arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TP-Link AX1800 WiFi 6 Router (Archer AX21) | All versions prior to the security patch

How the Exploit Works

An attacker within the same local area network (LAN) can exploit this vulnerability by sending a malicious request to the router’s `minidlnad` service. This request includes a manipulated `db_dir` field, which allows the attacker to modify `files.db`. This modification can trigger a stack-based buffer overflow in `minidlna-1.1.2/upnpsoap.c`, enabling the attacker to execute arbitrary code as root. Notably, this attack requires a USB flash drive to be connected to the router.

Conceptual Example Code

# Attackers could potentially use a shell command similar to this:
$ echo 'malicious_code' > /mnt/USB/files.db

Mitigation Guidance

Users of the affected TP-Link router should immediately apply the security patch provided by the vendor. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. Users are also advised to disconnect any USB drives from the router until the patch has been applied.

Overview

A significant vulnerability has been identified in Apache Kylin versions 4.0.0 to 5.0.2, allowing external parties access to files or directories. This vulnerability could potentially result in system compromise and data leakage if not addressed. This report details the nature of the vulnerability, its potential impact, and the recommended mitigation measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-61734
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to files and directories, with the potential for system compromise and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Apache Kylin | 4.0.0 to 5.0.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from improper access control measures within Apache Kylin. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by accessing unprotected files or directories within the system. The exploit doesn’t require any user interaction, and no specific privileges are needed to execute it.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability could be exploited:

GET /unprotected/directory HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, an attacker sends a GET request to an unprotected directory, potentially gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data.

Impact and Mitigation

A successful exploit could lead to the compromise of the Apache Kylin system, leading to potential data leakage or system disruption. To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to upgrade Apache Kylin to version 5.0.3, which contains a patch for this issue. As a temporary measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could be used to block malicious attempts to access unprotected directories or files. However, these are only stopgap solutions, and the definitive solution is to upgrade the software to the patched version.

Overview

The following report presents a detailed analysis of a discovered vulnerability, CVE-2025-61733, which affects Apache Kylin versions from 4.0.0 through 5.0.2. The vulnerability is of significance as it allows an attacker to bypass authentication, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. With a high CVSS severity score of 7.5, it’s essential for users to take action to mitigate the risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-61733
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Apache Kylin | 4.0.0 through 5.0.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to an oversight in the authentication mechanism in Apache Kylin, which allows the attacker to bypass authentication using an alternate path or channel. As a result, an unauthenticated user can gain unauthorized access to the system, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual demonstration of how a malicious actor might exploit this vulnerability:

GET /vulnerable/path HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
{ "authentication_bypass": "true" }

In the above example, the attacker attempts to access a vulnerable path on the target system using an HTTP GET request. The authentication_bypass parameter is set to true, exploiting the vulnerability in Apache Kylin’s authentication mechanism, thereby allowing unauthorized access to the system.
It’s important to note that this is a conceptual demonstration and the actual exploit may differ based on the specific environment, system configurations, and the version of Apache Kylin installed.
Users are recommended to upgrade to Apache Kylin version 5.0.3, which contains a patch for this vulnerability. Alternatively, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these are not long-term solutions and upgrading the software to the patched version remains the most effective way to address the vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-61582 poses a significant threat to TS3 Manager, a web interface for maintaining Teamspeak3 servers. It has been identified that versions 2.2.1 and earlier are susceptible to a Denial of Service attack launched by an unauthenticated actor, which can result in system compromise or data leakage. Given the widespread use of TS3 Manager in maintaining Teamspeak3 servers, it is imperative to understand, detect and mitigate this vulnerability to ensure system stability and data integrity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-61582
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage caused by Denial of Service attack

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TS3 Manager | 2.2.1 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is exploited by submitting specially crafted Unicode input to the Server field on the login page of the TS3 Manager. The application fails to properly handle these characters during the ASCII conversion process, resulting in an unhandled exception that terminates the application within four to five seconds of submission.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited through a POST request:

POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
server=𝕦𝕟𝕚𝕔𝕠𝕕𝕖_𝕚𝕟𝕡𝕦𝕥

Reiteration: This is a conceptual example and not a real-life exploit.

Mitigation and Recommendations

The issue has been fixed in TS3 Manager version 2.2.2. Users are strongly advised to update to this version. If updating is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. It’s also recommended to monitor network traffic for any unusual activity, particularly any unusual Unicode submissions.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is riddled with vulnerabilities that threaten the safety and functionality of systems. One such vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-59538, affects the Argo CD, a GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it can crash the entire argocd-server process, potentially compromising system integrity or leading to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59538
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage due to crash of argocd-server process

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Argo CD | 2.9.0-rc1 through 2.14.19, 3.0.0-rc1 through 3.2.0-rc1, 3.1.6 and 3.0.17

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises when the webhook.azuredevops.username and webhook.azuredevops.password are not set in the default Argo CD configuration. In this situation, if the /api/webhook endpoint receives an Azure DevOps Push event with an empty JSON array resource.refUpdates, the argocd-server process crashes. This is because the slice index [0] is accessed without a length check, leading to an out-of-index panic. A single, unauthenticated HTTP POST is sufficient to exploit this vulnerability.

Conceptual Example Code

The vulnerability might be exploited using a HTTP POST request similar to the following:

POST /api/webhook HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "resource": { "refUpdates": [] } }

In this example, the `refUpdates` JSON array is intentionally left empty, exploiting the lack of length check and causing the argocd-server process to crash.

Overview

The CVE-2025-59537 vulnerability affects Argo CD, a GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. This vulnerability is of great concern due to its potential to crash the API server and cause a denial of service to legitimate clients. If exploited, it could lead to system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant risk to organizations using the affected versions of Argo CD.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59537
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of service, potential system compromise, or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Argo CD | 1.2.0 through 1.8.7, 2.0.0-rc1 through 2.14.19, 3.0.0-rc1 through 3.2.0-rc1, 3.1.7 and 3.0.18

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from a flaw in Argo CD’s handling of API requests. With the default configuration, Argo CD’s /api/webhook endpoint will crash the entire argocd-server process when it receives a Gogs push event whose JSON field commits[].repo is not set or is null. This can be exploited by an attacker to send a malicious API request that crashes the API server and causes a denial of service.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP POST request exploiting the vulnerability:

POST /api/webhook HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"commits": [
{
"repo": null
}
]
}

Mitigation Measures

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch in versions 2.14.20, 3.2.0-rc2, 3.1.8 and 3.0.19. In the interim, use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure.