Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-48957, refers to a path traversal issue found in the AstrBot language model chatbot and its associated development framework. This vulnerability affects versions 3.4.4 through 3.5.12 and poses a significant risk to users due to the potential disclosure of sensitive information such as API keys, account passwords, and other confidential data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48957
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Information disclosure leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

AstrBot LLM Chatbot | 3.4.4 to 3.5.12

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a path traversal vulnerability in AstrBot’s development framework. An attacker can manipulate file paths to access files that should be out of reach, leading to the disclosure of sensitive information. This information can include API keys for LLM providers, account passwords, and other sensitive data that can be used to compromise the system or lead to data breaches.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious file path in the request:

GET /dashboard/../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json

In this example, the attacker is attempting to access the `/etc/passwd` file, which is typically restricted from public access. This file could contain sensitive information that could be exploited for further attacks.

Mitigation

Users are advised to upgrade to version v3.5.13 or later where the issue has been addressed. In the meantime, users can edit the `cmd_config.json` file to disable the dashboard feature as a temporary workaround. Employing a WAF/IDS could also provide temporary mitigation against this vulnerability. However, it is highly recommended to apply the vendor patch for a complete resolution.

Overview

This report provides an analysis of the CVE-2025-29785 vulnerability, which targets the QUIC protocol implementation in Go, specifically the quic-go package. This vulnerability can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, affecting systems that utilize the quic-go package in versions prior to v0.50.1. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it is crucial to understand its implications and apply the necessary mitigation measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-29785
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

quic-go | < v0.50.1 How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a nil-pointer dereference in the loss recovery logic for path probe packets in the quic-go package. This can be triggered by a malicious QUIC client sending valid QUIC packets from different remote addresses, thus triggering the path validation logic where the server sends path probe packets. Subsequently, the client sends ACKs for packets received from the server, crafted in a way that triggers the nil-pointer dereference.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual representation of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode represents the process of sending valid QUIC packets from different remote addresses followed by specially crafted ACKs.

# Pseudocode representation
for address in malicious_addresses:
send_valid_QUIC_packet(address)
receive_probe_packet()
send_malicious_ACK()

Please note that the above code is a conceptual representation and does not represent an actual exploit.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch (v0.50.1). This patch fixes the nil-pointer dereference vulnerability. In situations where immediate patching is not feasible, temporary mitigation can be achieved through the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). However, these measures only serve as a temporary solution and the vendor patch should be applied as soon as possible to fully address the vulnerability.

Overview

The CVE-2025-20678 vulnerability is a significant flaw in the IMS service that, if exploited, could lead to a system crash due to incorrect error handling. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous as the user interaction is not required for its exploitation and no additional execution privileges are needed. This can lead to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-20678
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IMS Service | All versions prior to patch MOLY01394606

How the Exploit Works

An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by setting up a rogue base station and persuading a UE (User Equipment) to connect to it. Once connected, the rogue base station would send a series of malformed packets to the IMS service triggering an incorrect error handling, which could ultimately lead to a system crash.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of the rogue base station sending a malformed packet to trigger the vulnerability:

POST /IMS_Service/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: rogueBaseStation.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "malformed_packet_triggering_incorrect_error_handling" }

Mitigation Guidance

The best way to mitigate this vulnerability is by applying the vendor patch with Patch ID: MOLY01394606. In cases where applying the patch is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary solution. However, it’s important to note that these are not permanent fixes and the patch should be applied as soon as feasible.

Overview

This report details a recently identified cybersecurity vulnerability in the Vanquish WooCommerce Orders & Customers Exporter. The vulnerability, registered as CVE-2025-48331, can lead to the insertion of sensitive information into sent data, potentially resulting in system compromise or data leakage. Given the widespread use of WooCommerce for eCommerce operations, this vulnerability has severe implications for businesses that rely on this platform.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48331
Severity: Critical (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Vanquish WooCommerce Orders & Customers Exporter | n/a through 5.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises when the WooCommerce Orders & Customers Exporter improperly handles the sending of data. When data is sent, sensitive information can be inadvertently included, exposing this data to potential attackers. If an attacker intercepts this data, they could exploit it to compromise the system, leading to unauthorized access or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a hypothetical example of how a malicious actor might exploit this vulnerability:

GET /export/orders HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Accept: application/json
{ "export_id": "123", "include_sensitive_info": "true" }

In the above example, an attacker could manipulate the ‘include_sensitive_info’ parameter to retrieve sensitive information embedded in the exported data.

Mitigation Guidance

It is recommended to apply any patches provided by the vendor as soon as they become available. If a patch is not immediately available, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential exploits. Always ensure that sensitive data is adequately encrypted, and verify the integrity of data sent and received to further reduce the risk.

Overview

The CVE-2025-47697 is a critical security vulnerability that affects all versions of Wivia 5, a widely used software application. The issue arises from a client-side enforcement of server-side security, which if exploited, allows an unauthenticated attacker to bypass the authentication process and operate the affected device as the moderator user. This vulnerability should be addressed immediately due to its potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47697
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Wivia 5 | All versions

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability is exploited by sending specially crafted network requests to the affected Wivia 5 application. Due to the client-side enforcement of server-side security controls, the application fails to properly validate the user’s authentication status. This allows an unauthenticated attacker to bypass these controls, and gain access to the system with moderator privileges, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /moderator_login HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user": "moderator", "password": "bypass" }

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the “/moderator_login” endpoint, with the user set to “moderator” and a made-up password “bypass”. As the application fails to properly enforce the server-side security controls, this request is accepted, and the attacker gains access to the system as the moderator user.

Mitigation and Solutions

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to block or alert on network requests that match the pattern of this exploit.

Overview

A severe CVE vulnerability, CVE-2025-44614, has been identified in the Tinxy WiFi Lock Controller v1 RF, which stores users’ sensitive information in plaintext. This vulnerability poses a serious threat to user privacy and security, potentially enabling system compromise and data leakage. Given the widespread use of this product, it is crucial for users and organizations to understand the potential risks and the necessary mitigation steps.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-44614
Severity: High, CVSS Score 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tinxy WiFi Lock Controller v1 RF | All Versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the insecure storage of sensitive user data in plaintext within the Tinxy WiFi Lock Controller v1 RF system. This design flaw allows an attacker, who successfully infiltrates the network, to access and retrieve these plaintext credentials and mobile phone numbers. This access could lead to unauthorized system control, user impersonation, and potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

A potential exploit could occur through a network sniffer tool such as Wireshark, which could capture the plaintext credentials during a network session. A simplified conceptual example of an HTTP request to access this data might look like:

GET /retrieveCredentials HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
User-Agent: Wireshark

In this example, an attacker sends an HTTP GET request to the ‘retrieveCredentials’ endpoint to obtain the plaintext credentials.

Recommended Mitigation

Users of the Tinxy WiFi Lock Controller v1 RF should immediately apply any patches provided by the vendor to fix this vulnerability. If a patch is not available, users should consider implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. Regular software updates and strong network security protocols can also help prevent exploitation of this vulnerability.

Overview

This report discusses the critical security vulnerability, CVE-2024-54952, that affects the SMB service in MikroTik RouterOS 6.40.5. This vulnerability, if exploited, can lead to a Remote Denial of Service (DoS), causing the SMB service to become unavailable, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-54952
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Remote Denial of Service (DoS), potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MikroTik RouterOS | 6.40.5

How the Exploit Works

An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted packets to the SMB service in MikroTik RouterOS. These packets trigger a null pointer dereference, which leads to a memory corruption and subsequent DoS condition, making the SMB service unavailable.

Conceptual Example Code

The conceptual example below demonstrates how an attacker might craft a malicious packet to exploit this vulnerability:

POST /SMB/service HTTP/1.1
Host: target.mikrotik.com
Content-Type: application/x-smb
{ "malicious_packet": "NULL_POINTER_DEREFERENCE_TRIGGER" }

Upon receiving this packet, the SMB service would trigger a null pointer dereference, leading to memory corruption and a subsequent DoS condition.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the patch provided by the vendor. As a temporary measure, users can also implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and filter incoming packets to the SMB service.

Overview

CVE-2025-5334 is a cybersecurity vulnerability that affects the user vaults component of Devolutions Remote Desktop Manager. It allows authenticated users to gain unauthorized access to private personal information. The potential implications are severe, including system compromise or data leakage, making it a significant cybersecurity concern for organizations using this software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5334
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Authenticated User)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive personal information leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Devolutions Remote Desktop Manager for Windows | 2025.1.34.0 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the vulnerability in the user vaults component of Devolutions Remote Desktop Manager. Under certain circumstances, when entries are edited by their owners, they may unintentionally be moved from user vaults to shared vaults. This makes the entries, which may contain sensitive personal information, accessible to other users, thereby violating privacy norms and potentially leading to data breaches.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /user_vaults/edit_entry HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer <valid_user_token>
{
"entry_id": "sensitive_entry_123",
"new_vault_id": "shared_vault_456"
}

In the above example, a user with valid authentication credentials (represented by ``) sends a request to move a sensitive entry from their private vault to a shared vault. The server, failing to properly validate the request, executes the operation, inadvertently exposing the sensitive entry to unauthorized users.

Overview

The present report provides a detailed analysis of the CVE-2024-22654 vulnerability, a serious threat identified in the tcpreplay software version v4.4.4. This vulnerability exposes systems to potential compromise and data leakage, posing significant risk to all users of the affected software version. It’s crucial to address this issue promptly to ensure system integrity and data security.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-22654
Severity: High (CVSS score: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tcpreplay | v4.4.4

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an infinite loop vulnerability in the tcprewrite function of tcpreplay v4.4.4. This allows a remote attacker to effectively cause a Denial of Service (DoS) attack or potentially execute arbitrary code, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Note that this is not actual exploit code, but a simplified representation.

# Bash command to send a malicious crafted packet causing infinite loop in tcpreplay v4.4.4
$ tcpreplay --intf1=eth0 malicious_packet.pcap

In this example, a maliciously crafted packet (malicious_packet.pcap) is sent to the tcpreplay tool. This packet triggers the infinite loop vulnerability in the tcprewrite function and could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.
We recommend applying the vendor patch as soon as possible or using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation. Stay informed and secure.

Overview

The CVE-2025-5287 vulnerability pertains to the Likes and Dislikes Plugin for WordPress, which is susceptible to SQL Injection attacks. This vulnerability affects all versions of the plugin up to, and including, 1.0.0. Being a common target for cyberattacks due to its widespread use, WordPress plugin vulnerabilities pose a significant risk to a large number of websites, potentially compromising system security and leading to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5287
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Likes and Dislikes Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 1.0.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from insufficient escaping on user-supplied parameters and inadequate preparation on the existing SQL query within the ‘post’ parameter of the plugin. These shortcomings enable unauthenticated attackers to append extra SQL queries into the existing ones. As a result, attackers can extract sensitive information from the database, leading to potential system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of exploiting this vulnerability is shown below. In the ‘post’ parameter of the HTTP request, the attacker injects an additional SQL query that will be executed on the server:

POST /wp-json/likes-and-dislikes/v1/post HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "post": "1; SELECT * FROM wp_users;" }

In this example, the malicious SQL command `SELECT * FROM wp_users;` is injected, which can potentially extract all user data from the ‘wp_users’ table.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Regularly updating software, using strong, unique passwords, and limiting the number of login attempts can also help protect against such vulnerabilities.