Author: Ameeba

Overview

The CVE-2025-20667 vulnerability refers to a potential information disclosure issue in modems due to improper error handling. This security flaw can lead to remote information disclosure when a User Equipment (UE) connects to a rogue base station controlled by an attacker. It is a critical issue as it does not require any additional execution privileges and can be exploited without user interaction, thereby threatening the confidentiality of affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-20667
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Modem | All versions prior to patch MOLY01513293

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-20667 exploit works by taking advantage of incorrect error handling in modems. When a UE connects to a rogue base station controlled by an attacker, the attacker can exploit this vulnerability to disclose information remotely. This vulnerability does not require any additional execution privileges, and user interaction is not needed for its exploitation.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact exploit code is not disclosed to protect systems’ security, an attacker might exploit the vulnerability in a similar way to the following conceptual example:

GET /modem/info HTTP/1.1
Host: roguebase.example.com

The attacker could use this request to retrieve sensitive information from the modem, taking advantage of the incorrect error handling.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is advisable to apply the vendor patch with ID: MOLY01513293. In the absence of a patch, or until the patch can be applied, organizations can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure. Regularly monitoring network traffic for suspicious activities can also help in early detection and prevention.

Overview

This report discusses the CVE-2025-20666 vulnerability, which affects modem users. This issue is significant due to its potential to cause a system crash and facilitate a remote denial of service (DoS) attack, even without additional execution privileges or user interaction. If a User Equipment (UE) connects to a rogue base station controlled by an attacker, the system could be compromised, leading to possible data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-20666
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System crash, potential for remote DoS, possible system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Modem | All versions prior to patch MOLY00650610

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability works by exploiting an uncaught exception in the modem. When a UE connects to a rogue base station controlled by an attacker, it can trigger this exception leading to a system crash. This crash can then be leveraged to perform a remote denial of service attack. This issue is particularly dangerous as it requires no additional execution privileges or user interaction.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a potential example of how the exploit might be triggered. This is a hypothetical scenario and should not be used for malicious purposes.

# Rogue base station sends malformed packet to connected UE
echo -n "malformed_packet" | nc -u -w1 target_IP target_port

This command sends a malformed packet to the target, potentially causing the uncaught exception which leads to the system crash.

Mitigation Guidance

The primary solution to this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch with ID MOLY00650610. If this isn’t immediately possible, a temporary mitigation could be the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These systems can help detect and prevent malicious traffic from reaching the vulnerable modems. However, these are just temporary solutions and the patch should be applied as soon as possible to fully remedy the situation.

Overview

The CVE-2025-4204 vulnerability pertains to the Ultimate Auction Pro plugin for WordPress, where an SQL Injection vulnerability has been identified. This vulnerability affects all versions up to and including 1.5.2 of the plugin. It poses a significant threat to WordPress sites that use this plugin because it could lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4204
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Possible system compromise and sensitive data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ultimate Auction Pro WordPress Plugin | Up to and including 1.5.2

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the ‘auction_id’ parameter in the Ultimate Auction Pro plugin, which lacks sufficient escaping and preparation on the SQL query. An attacker could inject malicious SQL statements into the already existing queries, allowing them to manipulate the database and extract sensitive information.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /wp-content/plugins/ultimate-auction/auction.php?auction_id=1 OR 1=1 UNION SELECT username, password FROM wp_users HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the exploit would return all usernames and passwords from the `wp_users` table. The “1 OR 1=1” part of the query always evaluates to true, effectively bypassing any checks on the ‘auction_id’ parameter.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation to detect and block malicious SQL queries.

Overview

The CVE-2024-13344 refers to a critical SQL injection vulnerability in the Advance Seat Reservation Management for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress. This vulnerability could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, impacting any website using versions up to and including 3.3 of the plugin. The severity of this vulnerability underlines the necessity of immediate patching or mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-13344
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Advance Seat Reservation Management for WooCommerce | <=3.3 How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of insufficient escaping on the user supplied ‘profileId’ parameter and lack of sufficient preparation on the existing SQL query within the WordPress plugin. This allows unauthenticated attackers to inject malicious SQL queries, append additional SQL queries into already existing queries, and potentially extract sensitive data from the database.

Conceptual Example Code

A hypothetical example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is as follows:

GET /?profileId=1' OR '1'='1'; -- HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com

In this example, the ‘profileId’ parameter is manipulated with SQL injection to always return true, effectively bypassing any intended restrictions and potentially exposing sensitive data from the database.

Overview

The CVE-2024-13322 identifies a crucial SQL injection vulnerability in the Ads Pro Plugin – Multi-Purpose WordPress Advertising Manager for WordPress. This vulnerability affects all versions up to, and including, 4.88. An unauthenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability to manipulate SQL queries to extract sensitive information from the database, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-13322
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network (via ‘a_id’ parameter)
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Ads Pro Plugin – Multi-Purpose WordPress Advertising Manager | Versions up to and including 4.88

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by an attacker injecting arbitrary SQL code into the ‘a_id’ parameter. This parameter is not properly sanitized before being used in SQL queries, allowing an attacker to manipulate the queries performed by the plugin, and thus extract sensitive data from the database or perform other unauthorized database operations.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request:

GET /wp-content/plugins/ads-pro-plugin/ads.php?a_id=1 UNION SELECT 1,username,password FROM wp_users WHERE id=1 HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

This request attempts to inject a UNION SELECT SQL query into the ‘a_id’ parameter. If successful, this would result in the username and password of the first user (typically the administrator) being returned in the response.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available. In the meantime, they can protect their systems by using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block SQL injection attempts.

Overview

This report discusses a critical vulnerability, CVE-2024-48907, that affects the application server API of Sematell ReplyOne 7.4.3.0. The vulnerability exposes the system to a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attack, posing a significant threat to data security and system integrity. The potentially affected entities include organizations and individuals utilizing the said version of Sematell ReplyOne.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-48907
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sematell ReplyOne | 7.4.3.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability enables an attacker to craft malicious requests to the application server API of Sematell ReplyOne 7.4.3.0. The crafted requests can manipulate the server into executing unauthorized calls to internal resources, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability:

POST /server/api HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"url": "file:///etc/passwd"
}

In the above example, an attacker uses a malicious payload to trick the server into retrieving sensitive system files, which could then be leaked or used for further attacks.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor’s patch once it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, potentially preventing the exploitation of this vulnerability.

Overview

CVE-2025-33074 is a significant security vulnerability that affects Microsoft Azure Functions. It involves improper verification of cryptographic signatures that could allow an authorized attacker to execute arbitrary code over a network. The vulnerability carries high severity due to its potential to compromise systems and result in data leakage, posing a critical risk to any organization using the affected versions of Microsoft Azure Functions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-33074
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Azure Functions | All versions prior to patch release

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by the attacker taking advantage of the improper verification of cryptographic signatures in Microsoft Azure Functions. An attacker with low-level privileges can manipulate the cryptographic signatures, allowing them to execute arbitrary code on the system over a network. This could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request that an attacker might send:

POST /azure-functions/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "manipulated_crypto_signature" }

In this example, the attacker is sending a manipulated cryptographic signature as part of a malicious payload in the HTTP request to the Azure Functions endpoint. If the system does not properly verify the signature, it could lead to arbitrary code execution.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the latest vendor patch provided by Microsoft for Azure Functions. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation can help prevent exploitation. Regular system audits and monitoring can also help detect any unauthorized activities related to this vulnerability.

Overview

This report discusses CVE-2025-27409, a significant path traversal vulnerability identified in Joplin Server. The vulnerability, present in versions prior to 3.3.3, exposes users to potential system compromise and data leakage. As a popular open-source note-taking and to-do application, Joplin’s vulnerability could impact a substantial number of users and their sensitive data, underlining the importance of understanding and mitigating this security flaw.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27409
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Joplin Server | Prior to 3.3.3

How the Exploit Works

The path traversal vulnerability exists in Joplin Server’s handling of file paths that start with `css/pluginAssets` or `js/pluginAssets`. Specifically, the `findLocalFile` function in the default route calls `localFileFromUrl` to check for special `pluginAssets` paths. If a path is returned, the result is directly returned without checking for path traversal. This oversight allows an attacker to manipulate file paths to access files outside the intended directories and hence, potentially compromise the system or leak data.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of exploiting this vulnerability could involve an HTTP request designed to manipulate the `pluginAssets` path. This would look something like:

GET /css/pluginAssets/../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the `../../../../etc/passwd` is used to traverse up the directory tree to an unintended location, potentially reading sensitive system files.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch by updating to Joplin Server version 3.3.3 or newer, which contains a fix for the issue. As a temporary mitigation, users can employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block malicious path traversal attempts.

Overview

The cybersecurity community has recently identified a notable vulnerability in the “Proxy” functionality of the ctrlX OS web application. This vulnerability, known as CVE-2025-24346, presents a threat to users who have authenticated access to the system, offering low-level attackers the opportunity to manipulate the system’s “/etc/environment” file through a specially crafted HTTP request. This could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24346
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ctrlX OS | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the “Proxy” functionality in the ctrlX OS web application. A remote attacker with authenticated access to the system can craft a specific HTTP request that, when processed by the application, results in the manipulation of the “/etc/environment” file. This action can alter the system behaviors or potentially leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /proxy/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.ctrlx-os.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer [User's Authenticated Token]
{ "target_file": "/etc/environment", "alteration": "malicious_change" }

This request, when processed by the vulnerable application, would result in the “/etc/environment” file being manipulated as per the attacker’s intentions.

Mitigation Strategies

Users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, helping to monitor and block any potentially malicious HTTP requests.

Overview

CVE-2025-30202 is a critical vulnerability affecting vLLM, a high-throughput and memory-efficient inference and serving engine. It exposes the system to potential denial of service (DoS) attacks and data leakage via ZeroMQ in multi-node vLLM deployment. This vulnerability poses a significant threat to all entities utilizing vLLM versions from 0.5.2 and prior to 0.8.5. It is noteworthy due to its potential to compromise system integrity and confidentiality.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30202
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

vLLM | 0.5.2 to 0.8.4

How the Exploit Works

In a multi-node vLLM deployment, vLLM makes use of ZeroMQ for certain multi-node communication functions. The primary vLLM host opens an XPUB ZeroMQ socket and binds it to all interfaces. While the socket is typically opened for a multi-node deployment, it is only utilized when conducting tensor parallelism across multiple hosts.
Any client with network access to this host can connect to this XPUB socket unless its port is blocked by a firewall. Once connected, these arbitrary clients will receive all of the same data broadcasted to all of the secondary vLLM hosts. This data is internal vLLM state information that is not useful to an attacker. However, by potentially connecting to this socket many times and not reading the data published to them, an attacker can cause a DoS attack by slowing down or potentially blocking the publisher.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual code represents how an attacker might continuously connect to the XPUB socket without reading the data, leading to potential DoS:

import zmq
context = zmq.Context()
socket = context.socket(zmq.SUB)
socket.connect("tcp://target_host:target_port")
while True:
# Continuously connect without reading the data
socket.recv_string(flags=zmq.NOBLOCK)