Author: Ameeba

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been identified in berkeley-abc abc 1.1, a widely used data processing module. The vulnerability, tagged as CVE-2025-45333, is a Null Pointer Dereference (NPD) flaw found in the Abc_NtkCecFraigPart function of the module. This vulnerability could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, making immediate attention and mitigation a necessity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45333
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unpredictable program behavior, segmentation faults, program crashes, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

berkeley-abc abc | 1.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploitation of this vulnerability occurs when an attacker sends a crafted request that triggers a Null Pointer Dereference in the Abc_NtkCecFraigPart function of the berkeley-abc abc 1.1 module. This could lead to unpredictable program behavior, including segmentation faults and program crashes. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability for potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited could be a specially crafted payload that triggers the Null Pointer Dereference. Here is a pseudocode example:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "trigger_null_pointer_dereference" }

Mitigation & Recommendations

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, it is recommended to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent any potential exploitation of this vulnerability. Additionally, regular monitoring of system logs for any unusual activity can help identify potential attacks.

Overview

The CVE-2025-45332 vulnerability pertains to a Null Pointer Dereference (NPD) in vkoskiv c-ray 1.1. This vulnerability affects systems running the c-ray 1.1 software, potentially causing system compromise or data leakage. The vulnerability allows an attacker to cause segmentation faults and program crashes, thereby disrupting the integrity of the targeted system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45332
Severity: High (7.5/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

vkoskiv c-ray | 1.1

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-45332 exploit takes advantage of a Null Pointer Dereference (NPD) vulnerability in the parse_mtllib function of the c-ray 1.1 data processing module. The vulnerability arises when the function attempts to access memory that has not been properly initialized or that has been deleted. This causes the program to behave unpredictably, leading to segmentation faults and causing the program to crash.

Conceptual Example Code

A potential example of how this vulnerability might be exploited could be an attacker sending an improperly formatted data packet to the c-ray software. This could be illustrated as follows:

POST /c-ray/process_data HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malformed_data": "..." }

Where “malformed_data” contains the payload that causes the Null Pointer Dereference, triggering the vulnerability. The exact nature of the payload would depend on the specific implementation of the parse_mtllib function within the c-ray 1.1 software.

Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-49152 poses a significant threat to systems running the MICROSENS NMP Web+ software. This vulnerability arises from the application’s tendency to generate JSON Web Tokens (JWT) that do not expire, which could potentially allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the system and compromise sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49152
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MICROSENS NMP Web+ | All versions

How the Exploit Works

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by gaining access to an unexpired JWT. Once this token is in their possession, they can bypass authentication mechanisms and gain unauthorized access to the system. The absence of an expiration date on the token means that it can be used indefinitely, potentially giving the attacker ongoing access.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example illustrates a potential HTTP request that an attacker might use, with the unexpired JWT included in the Authorization header:

GET /protected/resource HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiaWF0IjoxNTE2MjM5MDIyfQ.SflKxwRJSMeKKF2QT4fwpMeJf36POk6yJV_adQssw5c

This conceptual code is a representation. The actual exploit would depend on the specific system configuration and the attacker’s capabilities.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply any patches provided by the vendor as soon as possible. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by detecting and blocking malicious activity.

Overview

CVE-2025-5927 identifies a significant vulnerability in the Everest Forms (Pro) plugin for WordPress. This vulnerability could potentially allow an unauthenticated attacker to delete arbitrary files on the server, leading to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability affects all versions of the plugin up to, and including, version 1.9.4 and has serious implications for website administrators who rely on this plugin for their WordPress installations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5927
Severity: High, CVSS 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required (Admin)
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Everest Forms (Pro) Plugin for WordPress| Up to and including 1.9.4

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability arises due to insufficient file path validation in the delete_entry_files() function of the Everest Forms (Pro) plugin. An attacker can exploit this flaw to delete arbitrary files on the server. However, this action requires an admin to trigger the deletion via deletion of a form entry. If a crucial file such as wp-config.php is deleted, it can lead to remote code execution.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP request that an attacker could use to exploit this vulnerability:

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=everest_forms_delete_entry_files HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"form_id": "1",
"entry_id": "1",
"file_path": "../../../../wp-config.php"
}

In this example, the attacker is attempting to delete the wp-config.php file, which could lead to remote code execution.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation. Always remember to keep your plugins updated to the latest version to avoid known vulnerabilities.

Overview

CVE-2024-51983 is a significant vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated attacker to crash a targeted device using a malformed WS-Scan SOAP request. The vulnerability affects any device that has the Web Services feature active and listens to HTTP TCP port 80. It exposes systems to potential compromise and data leakage, emphasizing the importance of immediate mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-51983
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, possible data leakage, and repeated device crashes

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

[Product Name] | [All versions that run Web Services feature on HTTP TCP port 80]

How the Exploit Works

An attacker initiates this exploit by sending a WS-Scan SOAP request containing an unexpected JobToken value to the target device via the Web Services feature (HTTP TCP port 80). This malformed request causes the device to crash and subsequently reboot. The attacker can repeat these steps indefinitely, causing the device to crash repeatedly, potentially compromising the system and leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of the type of HTTP request that could potentially exploit this vulnerability:

POST /WS_Scan HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
SOAPAction: "http://schemas.hp.com/imaging/escl/2011/05/03/ScanService/StartScan"
<soap:Envelope xmlns:soap="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
<soap:Body>
<StartScan xmlns="http://schemas.hp.com/imaging/escl/2011/05/03">
<JobToken>Unexpected_Value</JobToken>
</StartScan>
</soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>

In this conceptual example, the value “Unexpected_Value” in the `JobToken` element is the unexpected JobToken value that causes the device to crash.

Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2024-51982 is a serious security threat that can potentially compromise systems or result in data leakage. The threat affects devices that can be connected through TCP port 9100. An attacker who exploits this vulnerability can crash the target device by issuing a misconfigured Printer Job Language (PJL) command, causing the device to reboot. This vulnerability matters because it can lead to persistent disruptions and potential system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-51982
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage, and disruptive device reboot

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

[Insert product] | [Insert affected version]
[Insert product] | [Insert affected version]
(Note: The affected products and versions are not specified in the given data. In a real scenario, this information would be provided or inferred based on the vulnerability description.)

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by an unauthenticated attacker connecting to the TCP port 9104 of the target device. The attacker then issues a Printer Job Language (PJL) command with a malformed FORMLINES variable set to a non-number value. The malformed PJL command causes the target device to crash and reboot. The attacker can repeatedly issue the command to continuously crash the device, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Assuming the attacker has network access to the target device, a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited with a PJL command is:

echo -e "\033%-12345X@PJL\r\n@PJL SET FORMLINES=NOT_A_NUMBER\r\n\033%-12345X" | nc target_device_ip 9100

In this conceptual example, `NOT_A_NUMBER` is the non-number value set for the FORMLINES variable, `nc` is the netcat command used for reading from and writing to network connections, and `target_device_ip` is the IP address of the target device.

Overview

The vulnerability referred to as CVE-2025-52888 is a critical XML External Entity (XXE) issue in Allure Report’s xunit-xml-plugin. This vulnerability exposes systems running Allure Report versions prior to 2.34.1 to potential system compromise or data leakage. Considering the wide usage of Allure 2 in multi-language test reporting, this vulnerability could potentially affect a broad range of systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52888
Severity: High, CVSS 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Allure Report | Prior to 2.34.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a vulnerability in the xunit-xml-plugin used by Allure 2. The XML parser (`DocumentBuilderFactory`) is not securely configured, enabling external entity expansion when processing test result .xml files. Attackers can exploit this to read arbitrary files from the file system and possibly trigger server-side request forgery (SSRF).

Conceptual Example Code

In this conceptual example, an attacker crafts a malicious XML file that references an external entity. The external entity points to a sensitive file on the server. When the vulnerable application processes this file, it inadvertently discloses the content of the sensitive file to the attacker.

<!DOCTYPE foo [
<!ELEMENT foo ANY >
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd" >]><foo>&xxe;</foo>

The attacker sends this XML file to a test endpoint that uses the vulnerable xunit-xml-plugin for processing. The server responds with the contents of the /etc/passwd file, disclosing sensitive information.

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-49852, affects ControlID iDSecure On-premises versions 4.7.48.0 and prior. It’s a server-side request forgery vulnerability that enables an unauthenticated attacker to retrieve information from other servers. This vulnerability is of particular concern due to the potential for system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49852
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ControlID iDSecure On-premises | 4.7.48.0 and prior

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a server-side request forgery vulnerability in ControlID iDSecure. An unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted request to the vulnerable server. This request tricks the server into making a network connection back to itself or to other systems, allowing the attacker to retrieve sensitive information, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, the malicious payload tricks the server into making a request back to itself or other servers.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"url": "http://localhost/admin"
}

In this example, the malicious payload is a JSON object containing a URL that the server will request. The URL points to a local or remote server from which the attacker wants to retrieve information.

Overview

The CVE-2025-44531 vulnerability has been identified in Realtek’s RTL8762EKF-EVB RTL8762E SDK v1.4.0. The vulnerability enables potential attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) by sending a specially crafted before a pairing public key is received during a Bluetooth connection attempt. This vulnerability could significantly impact any system utilizing this SDK, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-44531
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Denial of Service (DoS), Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Realtek RTL8762EKF-EVB RTL8762E SDK | v1.4.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the Bluetooth pairing process within the Realtek RTL8762EKF-EVB RTL8762E SDK. By sending a specific crafted before a pairing public key is received during a Bluetooth connection attempt, an attacker can trigger a Denial of Service (DoS). This can potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact details of the exploit are not publicly available, a conceptual example might look something like this:

POST /bluetooth/pair HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"public_key": "valid_public_key",
"crafted_before": "malicious_payload"
}

In this example, the “crafted_before” field could contain a payload that exploits the vulnerability, causing the server to crash and enabling a Denial of Service (DoS).

Overview

The CVE-2025-32978 vulnerability poses a significant threat to users of the Quest KACE Systems Management Appliance (SMA). It allows unauthorized users to replace valid system licenses with expired or trial ones, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability affects specific versions of the appliance and could lead to a denial of service if exploited, highlighting the importance of immediate patching or implementation of temporary mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32978
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage, denial of service

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Quest KACE Systems Management Appliance (SMA) | 13.0.x before 13.0.385
Quest KACE Systems Management Appliance (SMA) | 13.1.x before 13.1.81
Quest KACE Systems Management Appliance (SMA) | 13.2.x before 13.2.183
Quest KACE Systems Management Appliance (SMA) | 14.0.x before 14.0.341 (Patch 5)
Quest KACE Systems Management Appliance (SMA) | 14.1.x before 14.1.101 (Patch 4)

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an unprotected web interface intended for license renewal. An attacker can manipulate this interface to replace valid system licenses with expired or trial ones, without needing to authenticate. This can cause a denial of service, as the system will cease to function correctly with an invalid license. It can also lead to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious HTTP POST request.

POST /licenseRenewal HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "license_key": "EXPIRED_LICENSE_KEY" }

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request with an expired license key to the “/licenseRenewal” endpoint. The server, lacking proper authentication checks, accepts the new license key, thus causing a denial of service or potential system compromise.