Author: Ameeba

Overview

This report discusses a significant vulnerability, CVE-2024-21614, that affects the Routing Protocol Daemon (RPD) of Juniper Networks’ Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved. The vulnerability allows network-based, unauthenticated attackers to cause service disruptions through continual execution of a specific query. This vulnerability is of significant concern due to the potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21614
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Juniper Networks Junos OS | 22.2 versions earlier than 22.2R2-S2, 22.2R3; 22.3 versions earlier than 22.3R2, 22.3R3
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved | 22.2 versions earlier than 22.2R2-S2-EVO, 22.2R3-EVO; 22.3 versions earlier than 22.3R2-EVO, 22.3R3-EVO

How the Exploit Works

The exploit functions by taking advantage of an improper check for unusual or exceptional conditions in the Routing Protocol Daemon (RPD) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved. When NETCONF and gRPC are enabled, and a specific query is executed via Dynamic Rendering (DREND), rpd crashes and restarts. This crash process can be repeated to create a sustained Denial of Service (DoS) condition.

Conceptual Example Code

A malicious attacker may exploit this vulnerability by sending this
conceptual
HTTP POST request:

POST /drend/query HTTP/1.1
Host: target.juniper.net
Content-Type: application/netconf
{ "query": "specific_query_causing_crash" }

This example demonstrates the execution of a specific query via Dynamic Rendering (DREND) that causes rpd to crash and restart, leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) condition.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is in a constant state of flux, with new vulnerabilities emerging regularly. One such vulnerability, CVE-2024-21612, has been identified in Juniper Networks’ Junos OS Evolved. This security flaw has the potential to cause considerable harm, allowing an attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) condition that could disrupt services and compromise system integrity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21612
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Junos OS Evolved | Versions earlier than 21.2R3-S7-EVO
Junos OS Evolved | 21.3 versions earlier than 21.3R3-S5-EVO
Junos OS Evolved | 21.4 versions earlier than 21.4R3-S5-EVO
Junos OS Evolved | 22.1 versions earlier than 22.1R3-S4-EVO
Junos OS Evolved | 22.2 versions earlier than 22.2R3-S3-EVO
Junos OS Evolved | 22.3 versions earlier than 22.3R3-EVO
Junos OS Evolved | 22.4 versions earlier than 22.4R2-EVO, 22.4R3-EVO

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an improper handling of syntactically invalid structures within the Object Flooding Protocol (OFP) service. An attacker can exploit this flaw by sending specific TCP packets to an open OFP port. Upon receipt of these packets, the OFP service crashes and triggers a restart of the Routine Engine (RE). Continuous receipt of these specific packets leads to a sustained Denial of Service (DoS) condition.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited using a TCP packet:

import socket
# Target IP and port
target_ip = "target.example.com"
target_port = 12345 # Replace with OFP service port
# Malicious packet
malicious_packet = "..." # Replace with specific TCP packet causing crash
# Create a TCP/IP socket
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# Connect to the target
sock.connect((target_ip, target_port))
# Send the malicious packet
sock.sendall(malicious_packet)
# Close the socket
sock.close()

Please note that this is a conceptual example and the specific malicious TCP packet is not provided.

Overview

This report provides a detailed analysis of the vulnerability identified as CVE-2024-21611. This vulnerability affects the Routing Protocol Daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) situation. Understanding the nature of this vulnerability and the impacted products is critical for organizations utilizing these systems to ensure effective risk management and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21611
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: A successful exploit can cause a slow memory leak, leading to a system crash and potentially system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Junos OS | 21.4 versions earlier than 21.4R3, 22.1 versions earlier than 22.1R3, 22.2 versions earlier than 22.2R3
Junos OS Evolved | 21.4-EVO versions earlier than 21.4R3-EVO, 22.1-EVO versions earlier than 22.1R3-EVO, 22.2-EVO versions earlier than 22.2R3-EVO

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the Routing Protocol Daemon (rpd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved. In a Juniper Flow Monitoring (jflow) scenario, route churn causing Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) next hops to be updated will trigger a slow memory leak. Over time, this memory leak can lead to a system crash and restart of rpd, creating a Denial of Service scenario and potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual representation of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

user@host> cause_route_churn --bgp-next-hop --trigger-memory-leak

Please note that the above is not a real command but a high-level representation of how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meanwhile, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, by monitoring and blocking suspicious network activity.

Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2024-21606 is a critical issue that affects Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX Series. This vulnerability, due to a Double Free issue, potentially allows an unauthenticated attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) attack, posing a serious threat to businesses and organizations that rely on these systems for their operations.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21606
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage, leading to Denial of Service

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Junos OS on SRX Series | All versions earlier than 20.4R3-S8
Junos OS on SRX Series | 21.2 versions earlier than 21.2R3-S6
Junos OS on SRX Series | 21.3 versions earlier than 21.3R3-S5
Junos OS on SRX Series | 21.4 versions earlier than 21.4R3-S5
Junos OS on SRX Series | 22.1 versions earlier than 22.1R3-S3
Junos OS on SRX Series | 22.2 versions earlier than 22.2R3-S3
Junos OS on SRX Series | 22.3 versions earlier than 22.3R3-S1
Junos OS on SRX Series | 22.4 versions earlier than 22.4R2-S2, 22.4R3

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of a Double Free vulnerability in the flow processing daemon (flowd) of Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX Series. In a remote access VPN scenario, if a “tcp-encap-profile” is configured and a sequence of specific packets is received, a flowd crash and restart will be observed, leading to a Denial of Service.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact details of the exploit are not provided, a conceptual example might involve sending a specific sequence of packets to a vulnerable endpoint. It might look something like this:

import socket
def send_malicious_packets(target_ip, target_port):
# Establish a connection
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect((target_ip, target_port))
# Send a sequence of specific packets
for packet in malicious_packet_sequence:
s.send(packet)
# Close the connection
s.close()
# Replace with the target IP and port
send_malicious_packets('192.0.2.0', 1234)

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2024-21604, identified in the kernel of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved, poses a significant threat to system security. It allows network-based attackers to create a Denial of Service (DoS), which could lead to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is particularly concerning due to its broad reach, affecting a wide range of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved versions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21604
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved | All versions earlier than 20.4R3-S7-EVO
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved | 21.2R1-EVO and later
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved | 21.4-EVO versions earlier than 21.4R3-S5-EVO
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved | 22.1-EVO versions earlier than 22.1R3-S2-EVO
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved | 22.2-EVO versions earlier than 22.2R3-EVO
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved | 22.3-EVO versions earlier than 22.3R2-EVO
Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved | 22.4-EVO versions earlier than 22.4R2-EVO

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a vulnerability in the kernel of Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved, which fails to allocate resources without limits or throttling. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a high rate of specific valid packets to be processed by the routing engine. This overload of packets leads to a loss of connectivity of the routing engine with other system components, causing a complete and persistent system outage.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact method to exploit this vulnerability may vary, a conceptual example might involve an attacker flooding the network with packets in a targeted attack. This could be done using a tool like hping3:

hping3 -i u1 -S -p 80 target_IP

In this example, `-i u1` sends one packet every microsecond, `-S` sets the SYN flag, `-p 80` targets port 80, and `target_IP` is the IP address of the targeted system. This is a simplified example and the actual exploit may involve more complex techniques or specific types of packets.

Overview

The CVE-2024-21602 vulnerability resides in Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved, specifically affecting ACX7024, ACX7100-32C, and ACX7100-48L models. This vulnerability can be exploited by an unauthenticated network-based attacker to trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) condition, making it a severe threat to the availability of affected devices and the network(s) they serve.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21602
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Junos OS Evolved on ACX7024 | 21.4-EVO versions earlier than 21.4R3-S6-EVO
Junos OS Evolved on ACX7100-32C | 22.1-EVO versions earlier than 22.1R3-S5-EVO
Junos OS Evolved on ACX7100-48L | 22.2-EVO versions earlier than 22.2R2-S1-EVO, 22.2R3-EVO

How the Exploit Works

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted IPv4 UDP packet to the target device. Upon receipt and processing of this packet, a NULL Pointer Dereference error is triggered in the Routing Engine (RE), causing the packetio to crash and restart. This leads to a momentary traffic interruption. If the attacker continues to send these malicious packets, it can result in a sustained DoS condition.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact structure of the malicious packet is not detailed in the source data, the conceptual example might look something like this:

import socket
target_ip = "192.0.2.1"
target_port = 12345
# Create UDP socket
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
# Craft malicious IPv4 UDP packet
malicious_packet = b'\x00' * 1024  # This is a hypothetical representation
# Send the packet
sock.sendto(malicious_packet, (target_ip, target_port))

This example is
purely conceptual
and is intended to illustrate the method of exploit, not provide a specific exploit code. The actual structure of the packet would be determined by the specific vulnerability in the target software.

Overview

This report discusses a critical vulnerability, CVE-2024-21595, that affects the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) in Juniper Networks Junos OS. The flaw can result in a Denial of Service (DoS), potentially compromising the system and leading to data leakage. The vulnerability affects a range of network devices, making it pertinent to businesses and network administrators alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21595
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of service leading to potential system compromise and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Juniper Networks Junos OS | 21.4R3 versions earlier than 21.4R3-S4
Juniper Networks Junos OS | 22.1R3 versions earlier than 22.1R3-S3
Juniper Networks Junos OS | 22.2R2 versions earlier than 22.2R3-S1
Juniper Networks Junos OS | 22.3 versions earlier than 22.3R2-S2, 22.3R3
Juniper Networks Junos OS | 22.4 versions earlier than 22.4R2
Juniper Networks Junos OS | 23.1 versions earlier than 23.1R2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from improper validation of the syntactic correctness of input in the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) of Juniper Networks Junos OS. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this flaw by sending a specific type of ICMP traffic at a high rate to a targeted device with VXLAN configured. This action causes a deadlock of the PFE, rendering the device unresponsive and necessitating a manual restart.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual shell command that an attacker might use to generate the specific ICMP traffic needed to exploit the vulnerability:

hping3 -1 --flood -a TARGET_IP ATTACKER_IP

In this example, `-1` indicates the ICMP protocol, `–flood` sends packets as fast as possible, `-a TARGET_IP` specifies the target device’s IP address, and `ATTACKER_IP` is the IP of the attacking machine.

Overview

The Backup Migration plugin for WordPress has been identified as vulnerable to unauthorized data access. This vulnerability affects all versions of the plugin up to, and including, 1.3.6. The potential for data leakage and system compromise is a significant concern as back-up files containing sensitive information such as user passwords, PII, database credentials, and more, can be downloaded by unauthenticated attackers.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-6266
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to data, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Backup Migration Plugin for WordPress | Up to and including 1.3.6

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the BMI_BACKUP case of the handle_downloading function, which lacks sufficient path and file validation. This oversight allows attackers to send crafted requests to the server and download back-up files without authentication. The retrieved files can contain sensitive information, providing the attacker with valuable data and possible access to the system.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a malicious HTTP request, as shown conceptually below:

GET /wp-content/plugins/backup-migration/app/backup_restore/dl.php?file=../wp-config.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this request, the attacker is attempting to download the ‘wp-config.php’ file, which is often found in WordPress installations and contains sensitive database credentials. This file is just an example, and the attacker can attempt to download any file from the server.

Mitigation Guidance

As a mitigation measure, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available. In the meantime, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Regular monitoring of system logs for any unusual activity is also recommended.

Overview

The CVE-2023-42869 vulnerability is a critical software flaw that affects macOS Ventura 13.4, iOS 16.5, and iPadOS 16.5. This vulnerability is significant due to the widespread use of these Apple platforms. The flaw exists in libxml2, a software library used for parsing XML documents, and can lead to memory corruption issues. If exploited, this vulnerability could potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-42869
Severity: High – CVSS 7.5
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

macOS | Ventura 13.4
iOS | 16.5
iPadOS | 16.5

How the Exploit Works

The exploitation of this vulnerability involves sending malicious XML data to an application that uses the libxml2 library. The library fails to properly validate the input, leading to memory corruption. This corruption can then be leveraged by the attacker to execute arbitrary code and potentially gain control of the system or access sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of a malicious XML document that could be used to exploit this vulnerability:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE root [
<!ENTITY loop SYSTEM "file:///dev/random">
]>
<exploit>&loop;</exploit>

In this example, the XML document refers to a local file (`/dev/random`), which can lead to a memory exhaustion condition that crashes the application or even the entire system. In a real-world attack, such a file could be replaced with a crafted payload to exploit the memory corruption vulnerability and execute arbitrary code.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the patch provided by Apple for macOS Ventura 13.4, iOS 16.5, and iPadOS 16.5. In the absence of a patch, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to block or alert on attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The CVE-2023-40393 vulnerability is an authentication bypass issue that affects users of macOS Sonoma 14, particularly those who utilize the Hidden Photos Album feature. The vulnerability, once exploited, allows unauthorized viewing of photos without proper authentication, leading to potential data leakage and system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-40393
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive data (photos) leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

macOS Sonoma | 14

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the state management issue in macOS Sonoma 14. An attacker can send specially crafted requests to the system, bypassing the authentication mechanism guarding the Hidden Photos Album. This allows them to access and view sensitive photos without the required permissions or authentication.

Conceptual Example Code

Please note, this is a conceptual example and does not represent an actual exploit code.

GET /photos/hidden/ HTTP/1.1
Host: target-mac-device
Authorization: Bypass
{
"request": "view_all"
}

In this hypothetical example, an attacker sends a GET request to the photos/hidden endpoint of the target Mac device. The “Authorization: Bypass” header is used to exploit the vulnerability and bypass the authentication process. The “request”: “view_all” in the message body instructs the system to return all hidden photos.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the impact of this vulnerability, users are urged to apply the patch provided by the vendor. As a temporary solution, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and prevent exploitation attempts. Regular monitoring of system logs and network traffic can also help in identifying any suspicious activities.