Author: Ameeba

Overview

This report highlights the critical security vulnerability, CVE-2025-60150, which impacts the Subscribe to Download plugin on the WordPress platform. This PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability can lead to significant breaches, potentially compromising entire systems and leading to severe data leakage. It is crucial to address this issue due to the high-risk score and broad user base of the affected plugin.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-60150
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Subscribe to Download | n/a through 2.0.9

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an improper control of the filename for include/require statements in the PHP program of wpshuffle’s Subscribe to Download plugin. This issue allows for PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI), meaning an attacker can trick the script into including files from remote servers, leading to code execution. This execution could potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This might be a part of a malicious HTTP request:

GET /wp-content/plugins/subscribe-to-download/download.php?file=../../../../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com

In this example, the attacker is attempting to access the ‘passwd’ file, a common target due to its sensitive data. By manipulating the ‘file’ parameter in the GET request, the attacker can traverse the directory tree to access files outside of the intended directory.

Countermeasures

The best mitigation strategy is to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. If the patch is not yet available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Additionally, disable the plugin if it’s not immediately necessary, until the patch is issued. Regularly monitoring system logs for any unusual activity is also recommended.

Overview

CVE-2025-59011 is a critical vulnerability found in the Traveler software developed by Shinetheme. This issue is due to improperly configured access control security levels, leading to a missing authorization vulnerability. It has the potential to compromise systems or lead to data leakage, thus posing a significant threat to any organization using the affected software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59011
Severity: Critical, 7.5 CVSS Score
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Shinetheme Traveler | n/a

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the improperly configured access control security levels in the Traveler software. An attacker can bypass the authorization process, gaining unauthorized access to restricted areas of the system, potentially compromising the system or leaking sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious HTTP request:

POST /traveler/accesspoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Authorization: Bearer
{ "malicious_payload": "unauthorized_access_granted" }

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the /traveler/accesspoint endpoint without an authorization bearer token. Due to the missing authorization vulnerability, this request would theoretically be processed, granting the attacker unauthorized access.

Mitigation Guidance

It’s recommended to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it’s available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide a temporary mitigation. It’s crucial to properly configure the access control security levels to prevent unauthorized access.

Overview

CVE-2025-59010 is a high-severity vulnerability found in Permalink Manager Lite, a plugin developed by Maciej Bis. This vulnerability allows attackers to retrieve sensitive data due to the insertion of such information into sent data. It impacts all versions up to 2.5.1.3. This vulnerability is critical as it could potentially lead to system compromise or significant data leakage, affecting the confidentiality and integrity of user information.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59010
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Permalink Manager Lite by Maciej Bis | Up to 2.5.1.3

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the Permalink Manager Lite’s process of handling sent data. Instead of properly sanitizing or encrypting sensitive data, the plugin is inserting it into the sent data, making it possible for an attacker to retrieve this information. This can be done remotely and does not require privileged access or user interaction, making the vulnerability extremely dangerous.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP GET request that could potentially retrieve sensitive data:

GET /permalink_manager?data=retrieve HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, an attacker sends a GET request to the ‘permalink_manager’ endpoint with a parameter designed to retrieve data. The server responds with data containing sensitive information that is not properly sanitized or encrypted.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended mitigation strategy is to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy, by identifying and blocking attempted exploits of this vulnerability.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, known as CVE-2025-11021, has been identified in the widely used libsoup HTTP library. This flaw pertains to the library’s cookie date handling logic, with potential consequences including system compromise and data leakage. This vulnerability is particularly significant due to the widespread usage of the libsoup library in GNOME and other web communication applications.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-11021
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and unintended disclosure of memory contents

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

libsoup | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the cookie date handling logic of the libsoup HTTP library. It is triggered when processing cookies with specially crafted expiration dates, leading to an out-of-bounds memory read. This can result in the unintended disclosure of memory contents, potentially exposing sensitive information from the process using libsoup.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how a specially crafted cookie might trigger the vulnerability:

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com
Cookie: session=12345; expires=Thu, 01-Jan-1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/;

In this example, the `expires` attribute of the cookie has been crafted in such a way to trigger the out-of-bounds memory read in the libsoup HTTP library.

Implications and Mitigations

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to a potential system compromise or data leakage. This could have severe impacts on the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected system.
Organizations are advised to apply the vendor-released patch as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could be used to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

An issue has been identified in GitLab CE/EE, affecting multiple versions of the software, that allows unauthenticated users to initiate a Denial of Service (DoS) attack through the upload of large, specifically crafted JSON files. This vulnerability has significant implications as it can potentially compromise the system or lead to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10858
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service and potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GitLab CE | All versions before 18.2.7
GitLab EE | 18.3 before 18.3.3, 18.4 before 18.4.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability allows unauthenticated users to execute a Denial of Service attack by uploading large, specifically crafted JSON files. This exploit causes excessive resource consumption on the server, effectively causing a DoS condition. In some cases, this could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /upload_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "large_malicious_json": "..." }

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the `/upload_endpoint` of the target server, containing a large malicious JSON payload, causing the server to consume excessive resources and trigger a DoS condition.

Overview

This report details a recently discovered vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-59404, affecting the Flock Safety Bravo Edge AI Compute Device. This vulnerability is a significant concern due to the device’s bootloader being unlocked, allowing direct modification of partitions and bypass of Android Verified Boot (AVB). The impact of this vulnerability is potentially severe, including system compromise or data leakage, and it should be immediately addressed to ensure the security of the affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-59404
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Flock Safety Bravo Edge AI Compute Device | BRAVO_00.00_local_20241017

How the Exploit Works

The Flock Safety Bravo Edge AI Compute Device ships with an unlocked bootloader. This means that an attacker can bypass Android Verified Boot (AVB) and directly modify partitions. This can lead to unauthorized system access, alteration of system behavior, or the installation of malicious software. This vulnerability creates a significant risk of system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

While the specifics of an exploit will vary based on the attacker’s objectives, a conceptualized shell command exploiting this vulnerability might look like this:

fastboot flash system malicious_system.img

In this example, `malicious_system.img` is an Android system image that the attacker has modified for malicious purposes. Using the fastboot utility, which is accessible due to the unlocked bootloader, the attacker replaces the device’s system partition with their malicious system image. This could provide them with system-level access and control.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it is available. As a temporary measure, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and prevent exploit attempts. However, these measures cannot fully protect against the vulnerability, and patching the device should be prioritized.

Overview

This report details the buffer overflow vulnerability in libsmb2 6.2+ identified as CVE-2025-57632. The vulnerability impacts systems running this particular software version, presenting a significant threat as it can potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57632
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage, memory corruption, and crashes

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

libsmb2 | 6.2+

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from improper handling and validation of SMB2 chained PDUs inside libsmb2. When processing these chained PDUs, the software repeatedly calls the function smb2_add_iovector() to append to a fixed-size iovec array without checking the upper bound, v->niov, which is capped at 256 (SMB2_MAX_VECTORS).
An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting responses with numerous chained PDUs, causing an overflow of v->niov. This results in heap out-of-bounds writes, which lead to memory corruption, system crashes, and potentially arbitrary code execution. Furthermore, the SMB2_OPLOCK_BREAK path bypasses message ID validation, making it easier for an attacker to exploit this vulnerability.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. This pseudocode represents a malicious SMB2 response with an abnormal number of chained PDUs:

SMB2_Header {
ProtocolId: SMB2,
MessageId: 0x1,
...
}
SMB2_Chained_PDU {
NextCommand: 0x1,
...
}
...
SMB2_Chained_PDU {
NextCommand: 0x100, // Exceeds SMB2_MAX_VECTORS
...
}

This code results in an overflow of the v->niov variable, leading to memory corruption and potential arbitrary code execution. By sending a large number of these responses, an attacker can crash the system or even take control of it.

Overview

The cybersecurity vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-48707 is a critical threat to Stormshield Network Security (SNS) systems running on versions prior to 5.0.1. The vulnerability pertains to the TPM authentication process, which, under specific HA use cases, results in shared secret among administrators. This flaw could potentially lead to unauthorized system access and subsequent data leakage, thus posing a significant risk to the confidentiality and integrity of the systems in question.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48707
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Stormshield Network Security | Before 5.0.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the TPM authentication process in certain HA use cases. Normally, the TPM authentication information is unique to each administrator. However, due to this vulnerability, the same secret can be shared among multiple administrators. An attacker can leverage this flaw to gain unauthorized access to the system, impersonate an administrator, and potentially compromise the system or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Please note that this is a hypothetical scenario meant to illustrate the nature of the vulnerability and is not an actual exploit code.

# Attacker gains network access
attacker@host:~$ ssh user@target.example.com
# Attacker uses shared secret to bypass TPM authentication
attacker@host:~$ sudo sns_tpm_auth --use-shared-secret
# Attacker now has unauthorized administrative access
attacker@host:~$ sudo whoami
root

Overview

We are addressing the CVE-2025-10880 vulnerability that impacts all versions of Dingtian DT-R002. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated GET requests to extract proprietary protocols passwords, posing a significant threat to system security and data integrity. Immediate action is required to prevent potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-10880
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Dingtian DT-R002 | All versions

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a vulnerability in Dingtian DT-R002’s Insufficiently Protected Credentials. An attacker can remotely extract the proprietary “Dingtian Binary” protocol passwords by sending an unauthenticated GET request. This vulnerability does not require user interaction or any higher privileges, making it a severe security threat.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a simplified representation of a malicious HTTP GET request:

GET /proprietary/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

Upon sending this request, the attacker would receive a response containing the proprietary “Dingtian Binary” protocol password, granting them unauthorized access to the system.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should immediately apply the patch provided by the vendor. If a patch is not available, use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation. Regularly updating and patching systems also forms a crucial part of maintaining security against such vulnerabilities.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-57446 is a critical security flaw found in the O-RAN Near Realtime RIC ric-plt-submgr in the J-Release environment. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (DoS) via a specially crafted request to the Subscription Manager API component. The flaw has significant implications for system availability, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-57446
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

O-RAN Near Realtime RIC ric-plt-submgr | J-Release

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by sending a specially crafted request to the Subscription Manager API component of the O-RAN Near Realtime RIC ric-plt-submgr. The malformed request triggers an error in the system, causing an unexpected condition that leads to a denial of service. Furthermore, in some circumstances, this could lead to a system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This example represents a malicious HTTP request to the vulnerable API endpoint.

POST /api/subscription HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "crafted_request_that_causes_dos" }

Mitigation Measures

Until a patch is provided by the vendor to rectify this vulnerability, it is recommended to use Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as a temporary mitigation. These measures can help detect and block malicious requests, thereby limiting the potential impact of this vulnerability.