Author: Ameeba

Overview

This report discusses a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-20244, that poses a significant threat to the Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software. This vulnerability could allow a remote attacker, authenticated as a VPN user, to cause an unexpected system reload and subsequently a denial of service (DoS) condition.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-20244
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Authenticated VPN User)
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage, denial of service condition

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software | All versions prior to patch
Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability CVE-2025-20244 is due to incomplete error checking when parsing an HTTP header field value. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to a targeted Remote Access SSL VPN service on an affected device. A successful exploit could cause a DoS condition, which would cause the affected device to reload.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a crafted HTTP request that could potentially trigger the vulnerability:

POST /targeted/vpn/service HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
VPN-User: authenticated user
{ "malicious_payload": "crafted HTTP header field value causing error" }

Please note that the above is a simplified representation and actual exploitation may require more sophisticated techniques.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may serve as temporary mitigation. Regularly updating all software and maintaining vigilance for any unusual network activity can also provide additional layers of security.

Overview

This report discusses the CVE-2025-20127, a critical vulnerability affecting the Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software for Cisco Firepower 3100 and 4200 Series devices. This vulnerability, if exploited, could lead to a denial of service (DoS) condition, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-20127
Severity: High (CVSS score: 7.7)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service condition, potential system compromise, or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cisco Secure Firewall ASA Software | All versions prior to the patch
Cisco Secure Firewall FTD Software | All versions prior to the patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to a flaw in the implementation of the TLS 1.3 Cipher TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a large number of TLS 1.3 connections with TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 cipher to the targeted device. A successful exploit could lead to a denial of service (DoS) condition where no new incoming encrypted connections are accepted. The device must be reloaded to clear this condition.

Conceptual Example Code

While the specific code that could be used to exploit this vulnerability is not provided, an attacker might use a script that looks conceptually similar to the following pseudocode:

import socket
target_IP = "target.example.com"
target_port = 443
cipher = "TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256"
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.connect((target_IP, target_port))
for _ in range(large_number):
sock.write(cipher)
sock.close()

In this pseudocode, an attacker creates a large number of TLS 1.3 connections with the vulnerable cipher to the target device, leading to a DoS condition. Note that this is a conceptual representation and the actual exploit may differ significantly.

Overview

A significant security vulnerability, tagged as CVE-2025-53191, has emerged in ABB Aspect versions before 3.08.04-s01. This vulnerability stems from a missing authentication for a critical function, raising the potential for system compromise or data leakage. The severity of this issue necessitates immediate attention and remediation from all users of the affected software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53191
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ABB Aspect | before 3.08.04-s01

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to an absence of proper authentication checks for a critical function within the ABB Aspect software. An attacker could exploit this by sending specially crafted network requests that bypass the authentication process, allowing them to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or potentially exert control over the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a hypothetical HTTP request that leverages the missing authentication check:

POST /critical_function/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "bypass_authentication:true" }

In this example, the payload instructs the software to bypass the authentication check for the critical function, potentially allowing the attacker unrestricted access to the system.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of affected versions of ABB Aspect software are strongly advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch to rectify this vulnerability. In scenarios where immediate patching is not feasible, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. Such systems can help detect and block exploit attempts. However, these measures are not a substitute for patching the software and should be followed up with the appropriate updates as soon as possible.

Overview

This report provides an analysis of the authentication management vulnerability identified in the ArkWeb module coded as CVE-2025-54607. This vulnerability can have serious implications for any system where the ArkWeb module is in use. Successful exploitation may lead to a breach of the system’s confidentiality or even complete system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54607
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

ArkWeb Module | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the authentication management of the ArkWeb module. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted request to the system. This allows the attacker to bypass the system’s authentication mechanism, thus gaining unauthorized access to potentially sensitive information and the ability to compromise the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /arkweb/authenticate HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "username": "admin", "password": " or '1'='1'" }

In this example, the attacker takes advantage of the authentication vulnerability by sending a SQL Injection payload in the password field, which if not properly sanitized, may result in bypassing the authentication.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the impact of this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as possible. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation by detecting and blocking attempted exploitations of the vulnerability.

Overview

This report examines CVE-2025-54780, a vulnerability identified in the glpi-screenshot-plugin versions below 2.0.2. This plugin, used extensively for taking screenshots or screen recordings directly from GLPI, is found to be susceptible to an exploit that could potentially leak system files or abuse PHP wrappers. The significance of this vulnerability is high, given the potential for system compromise and data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54780
Severity: High – CVSS 7.7
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Authenticated User)
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage due to the ability to leak system files or use PHP wrappers by authenticated users.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

glpi-screenshot-plugin | versions below 2.0.2

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the /ajax/screenshot.php endpoint present in the glpi-screenshot-plugin. An authenticated user can craft a malicious request to this endpoint, causing the system to leak files or execute PHP wrappers, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /ajax/screenshot.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer <valid-auth-token>
{ "file_path": "../../../../etc/passwd" }

In the example above, an authenticated user sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint, attempting to retrieve sensitive information from the system. By manipulating the file_path parameter, the user could direct the system to leak files outside of the intended directory.

Mitigation Guidance

The primary solution to this vulnerability is to update the glpi-screenshot-plugin to version 2.0.2 or above, where the vulnerability has been fixed. In the absence of an immediate patch application, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be utilized as temporary mitigation, blocking or alerting on suspicious activity to the /ajax/screenshot.php endpoint.

Overview

The CVE-2025-53395 vulnerability represents a serious flaw in the Paramount Macrium Reflect software. This vulnerability allows local attackers to execute arbitrary code with administrative privileges, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given the severity and potential impact of this vulnerability, it is essential for users of the affected software to apply necessary patches and mitigation methods immediately.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53395
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Administrative
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Paramount Macrium Reflect | Versions up to 2025-06-26

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by having the attacker create a crafted .mrimgx backup file and a malicious VSSSvr.dll located in the same directory. When a user with administrative privileges mounts a backup by opening the .mrimgx file, Reflect loads the attacker’s VSSSvr.dll after the mount completes. This occurs due to untrusted DLL search path behavior in ReflectMonitor.exe, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary code with administrative privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

While specific exploit code is not available, a conceptual understanding of the exploit process can be represented as follows:

// Attacker creates a malicious .mrimgx file and a crafted VSSSvr.dll
create_crafted_backup_and_dll(".mrimgx", "VSSSvr.dll")
// User with administrative privileges opens the .mrimgx file
open_backup_file(".mrimgx")
// ReflectMonitor.exe loads the malicious VSSSvr.dll
load_dll("VSSSvr.dll")
// Attacker's code is executed with administrative privileges
execute_code_with_privileges("VSSSvr.dll")

Given the local nature of the attack, it would require some form of interaction or pre-existing access on the part of the attacker. This could be achieved through social engineering, previous compromise, or other attack vectors.

Overview

This report details a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-53394, affecting Paramount Macrium Reflect until 2025-06-26. This software flaw allows attackers to run arbitrary code with administrator privileges, posing a serious threat to the security and integrity of systems running the affected version of this software. Given the severity of this vulnerability, it requires immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53394
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.7)
Attack Vector: Local File Inclusion
Privileges Required: User
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Paramount Macrium Reflect | Up to 2025-06-26

How the Exploit Works

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by creating a malicious .mrimgx or .mrbax backup file and placing a renamed executable file (e.g., explorer.exe) in the same directory. When a user with administrative privileges opens the crafted backup file and mounts it, Macrium Reflect runs the renamed executable. The software does not adequately validate companion files referenced during backup mounting, allowing the attacker’s code to execute with administrative privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual representation of how the vulnerability might be exploited. It includes creating a crafted backup file and a renamed executable, both placed in the same directory.

# Create a malicious backup file
echo "malicious code" > exploit.mrimgx
# Create a renamed executable (e.g., explorer.exe)
echo "malicious code" > explorer.exe
# Place both files in the same directory
mv exploit.mrimgx /path/to/directory
mv explorer.exe /path/to/directory

Upon mounting the `exploit.mrimgx` file, the `explorer.exe` file would execute, running the malicious code with administrative privileges.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are urged to apply the latest patch provided by the vendor to mitigate this vulnerability effectively. As a temporary measure, users can use Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to detect and prevent potential exploits.

Overview

The cybersecurity community has identified a significant vulnerability in AutoGPT, a popular platform for creating, deploying, and managing continuous AI agents. The vulnerability, marked as CVE-2025-53944, involves an authorization bypass in AutoGPT’s external API. This flaw could potentially allow malicious actors to compromise systems or leak sensitive data, impacting any organization that uses affected versions of this platform.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53944
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.7)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

AutoGPT | v0.6.15 and below

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in AutoGPT’s external API’s get_graph_execution_results endpoint. While the endpoint correctly validates user access to the graph_id, it does not verify the ownership of the graph_exec_id parameter. This flaw allows authenticated users to access any execution results by providing arbitrary execution IDs.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request to the vulnerable endpoint, with an arbitrary execution ID:

GET /api/get_graph_execution_results?graph_id=valid_id&graph_exec_id=arbitrary_id HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Authorization: Bearer valid_token

In this example, the “valid_id” is a legitimate graph ID the attacker has access to, while “arbitrary_id” is the execution ID the attacker wishes to access, potentially belonging to a different user.

Recommendation

Affected users are strongly encouraged to update to AutoGPT v0.6.16 or newer, where this vulnerability has been addressed. If immediate patching is not possible, utilising a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious activity can serve as a temporary mitigation strategy.

Overview

A critical SQL Injection vulnerability has been identified in the PuneethReddyHC Online Shopping System Advanced 1.0. The vulnerability, indexed as CVE-2025-51970, exists in the action.php endpoint and can be exploited through the improper sanitization of user-supplied input in the keyword POST parameter. This vulnerability presents a significant threat as it could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-51970
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 7.7)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

PuneethReddyHC Online Shopping System Advanced | 1.0

How the Exploit Works

A hacker exploiting this vulnerability would send a specially crafted POST request to the action.php endpoint of the Online Shopping System. The hacker would use the keyword POST parameter to inject SQL commands in the request, exploiting the lack of input sanitization. These injected commands could then be executed by the application’s database, potentially leading to unauthorized read or write access to sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /action.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
keyword=' OR '1'='1'; DROP TABLE customers; --

This example uses the SQL Injection to trick the application into executing a command that drops (deletes) the ‘customers’ table from the database. In a real-world scenario, the injected commands could be tailored to extract sensitive data or execute other malicious actions.

Mitigation and Prevention

Users are urged to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as possible to address this vulnerability. In the meantime, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation. It’s also crucial to always sanitize user-supplied input to prevent such vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

This report highlights a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-54531, identified within JetBrains TeamCity versions prior to 2025.07. This vulnerability, targeting Windows systems, enables an attacker to execute path traversal attacks during plugin unpacking, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given the high severity of this vulnerability, an urgent response from the affected users is required.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-54531
Severity: High – 7.7 CVSS Score
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

JetBrains TeamCity | Before 2025.07

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a path traversal flaw in JetBrains TeamCity. When a plugin is being unpacked on a Windows system, it does not properly sanitize file paths. An attacker can craft a malicious plugin that, when unpacked, would allow files to be written outside of the intended directory, potentially overwriting critical system files or accessing sensitive information.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. An attacker could send a malicious plugin with a crafted path, like this:

POST /plugin/upload HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="../../../../Windows/System32/malicious.dll"
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }

In this example, the malicious plugin is named ‘malicious.dll’ and is placed in the Windows System32 folder. When the plugin is unpacked, the malicious code is executed, leading to a potential system compromise.

Mitigation

Users are advised to immediately apply the vendor-provided patch to fix this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used as temporary mitigation. However, these are not long-term solutions and the patch should be applied as soon as it is feasible.