Author: Ameeba

Overview

The cybersecurity vulnerability CVE-2025-30765 is a significant threat to systems running WPPOOL’s FlexStock software. This vulnerability stems from the improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands, allowing for potential Blind SQL Injection attacks. As a crucial issue that could lead to system compromise or data leakage, it requires immediate attention and rectification.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-30765
Severity: High (CVSS score 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WPPOOL FlexStock | Up to 3.13.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the vulnerability in FlexStock’s SQL command neutralization. An attacker can inject malicious SQL commands into the application’s database queries. These commands can manipulate and extract sensitive data or even execute administrative commands on the database, potentially leading to a system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /flexstock/query HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
productID=1 OR 1=1; DROP DATABASE flexstock;

This example simply states that if the productID equals 1 or 1 is equal to 1 (which is always true), then the database ‘flexstock’ should be dropped. In a real-world scenario, an attacker would likely use more sophisticated SQL commands to extract or manipulate data.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the effects of this vulnerability, WPPOOL has released a patch that users should apply immediately. This patch will fix the SQL Injection vulnerability in FlexStock. As a temporary mitigation, users can also use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block potentially malicious SQL commands. However, this is not a permanent solution, and applying the vendor patch should be prioritized.

Overview

The recently identified vulnerability, CVE-2024-21328, poses a serious threat to users of Dynamics 365 Sales. The vulnerability involves an opportunity for spoofing that, if successfully exploited, can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. Given the severity of the vulnerability, with a CVSS score of 7.6, it is of utmost importance that affected users understand the vulnerability and take immediate steps to mitigate its impact.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21328
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Dynamics 365 Sales | All current versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability in Dynamics 365 Sales allows attackers to spoof the system’s interface, which can be achieved by manipulating the way the system processes certain types of data. This leads to the system accepting unauthenticated or tampered requests, potentially giving the attacker unauthorized access to sensitive data or control over the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how this spoofing vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious HTTP request:

POST /dynamics365/sales/api HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "spoofed_request": "get_all_customer_data" }

In this example, an attacker sends a spoofed request, disguised as a legitimate query, to the Dynamics 365 Sales API endpoint. The system, due to the vulnerability, processes this request and responds with sensitive customer data.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by detecting and blocking potentially malicious requests. This is, however, a stopgap measure and not a complete solution, so it’s essential to apply the vendor patch once it’s released.

Overview

CVE-2024-21327 is a significant Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in Microsoft Dynamics 365 Customer Engagement. This vulnerability, with a CVSS Severity Score of 7.6, impacts users of the aforementioned software, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. It is of utmost importance due to the critical role Microsoft Dynamics 365 plays in organizations’ customer management processes and the sensitive data it often handles.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21327
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Dynamics 365 Customer Engagement | All versions prior to the latest update

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the improper sanitization of user-supplied input in Microsoft Dynamics 365 Customer Engagement. An attacker can inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users by including them in inputs that are then reflected back to the user. This could allow the attacker to steal sensitive information, hijack user sessions, or even gain control over the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This represents a malicious HTTP request:

POST /dynamics365/customer_engagement HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=<script>malicious_code();</script>&password=user_password

In the above example, the malicious script inserted in the ‘username’ parameter may be executed in the context of the user’s session, potentially leading to unauthorized activities.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to immediately apply the vendor-provided patch. In case the patch cannot be applied immediately, organizations should consider implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly updating and patching all software is a recommended best practice to reduce the risk of such vulnerabilities.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2023-4818 is a critical security flaw found in the PAX A920 device that allows attackers to downgrade the bootloader, potentially compromising the entire system. This vulnerability is particularly significant as it could lead to a total system takeover or data leakage if exploited successfully. With a CVSS score of 7.6, it’s of high severity and demands immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-4818
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Physical
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

PAX A920 Device | All versions to date

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a bug in the version check of the PAX A920 device’s bootloader. An attacker with physical USB access to the device can downgrade the bootloader to a version with known vulnerabilities. Although the signature is correctly checked, and only a bootloader signed by PAX can be used, the version check bug allows for the installation of older, vulnerable bootloaders, making the system susceptible to further attacks.

Conceptual Example Code

Although it is not a real exploit code, the below conceptual example illustrates how an attacker might use a USB device to exploit this vulnerability:

# On the attacker's machine
$ dd if=vulnerable_bootloader.img of=/dev/sdX
# On the target PAX A920 device
$ mount /dev/sdX /mnt
$ cp /mnt/vulnerable_bootloader.img /boot
$ reboot

In this example, `vulnerable_bootloader.img` refers to an older, vulnerable version of the bootloader signed by PAX. The `dd` command writes this image to a USB device (`/dev/sdX`) on the attacker’s machine. The attacker then connects this USB device to the target PAX A920 device, copies the vulnerable bootloader image to the `/boot` directory, and reboots the system. Upon reboot, the target device uses the vulnerable bootloader, rendering it susceptible to further attacks.

Overview

CVE-2023-4812 is a recently discovered security vulnerability that affects multiple versions of GitLab Enterprise Edition (EE). This vulnerability could allow an attacker to bypass the required CODEOWNERS approval process by adding changes to a previously approved merge request. As a result, unauthorized changes may be made, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. This report aims to provide a detailed analysis of this vulnerability and offer mitigation guidance.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-4812
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GitLab EE | 15.3 – 16.5.5
GitLab EE | 16.6 – 16.6.3
GitLab EE | 16.7 – 16.7.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is exploited when an attacker adds changes to an already approved merge request. As the request is already approved, it bypasses the necessary CODEOWNERS approval. This allows the attacker to implement potentially malicious changes without detection, leading to unauthorized access, system compromise, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

git checkout -b new-branch
git add malicious_change
git commit -m "Add changes to approved merge request"
git push origin new-branch

In this example, “malicious_change” could be any change that would negatively impact the system or lead to data leakage. The attacker then pushes the change to the server under a new branch, potentially bypassing the CODEOWNERS approval process.

Mitigation

The vendor has released a patch to mitigate this vulnerability. Updating GitLab EE to the latest version (16.7.2 or later) is strongly recommended. If patching is not immediately possible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by monitoring and potentially blocking malicious activity.

Overview

The cybersecurity vulnerability CVE-2024-21637 is a serious threat that pertains to Authentik, an open-source Identity Provider. The vulnerability involves a reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attack in OpenID Connect flows, which potentially allows an attacker to escalate privileges and compromise the system. Given the widespread adoption of Authentik as an Identity Provider, this vulnerability should not be overlooked and needs immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21637
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Authentik | Prior to 2023.10.6
Authentik | Prior to 2023.8.6

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability exploits a flaw in Authentik’s handling of JavaScript-URIs in OpenID Connect flows with `response_mode=form_post`. In essence, a user can inject malicious JavaScript code that is then reflected back to the user’s browser by the server. This code could be designed to steal sensitive user data or perform actions on behalf of the user, leading to privilege escalation and potential system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /oidc/authorize HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
response_type=code&client_id=client&state=1234&redirect_uri=javascript:malicious_code_here

In this example, the `redirect_uri` parameter is injected with malicious JavaScript code, which is then reflected back to the user’s browser by the server, leading to potential compromise.

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2023-52201, is an SQL Injection flaw in Brian D. Goad pTypeConverter software. This software has a significant user base, making the impact of this vulnerability potentially severe. The vulnerability could allow an attacker to compromise systems or leak sensitive data. It’s of high importance due to the potential for data breaches and unauthorized system access.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-52201
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Brian D. Goad pTypeConverter | n/a through 0.2.8.1

How the Exploit Works

The SQL Injection vulnerability in Brian D. Goad pTypeConverter occurs due to the improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command. An attacker can manipulate SQL queries in the software to view, modify or delete data in the database or even execute commands on the underlying system.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious SQL statement:

POST /ptypeconverter/convert HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
data=example_data'; DROP TABLE Users;--

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request that includes a malicious SQL command (`DROP TABLE Users;–`) which could delete a critical table from the database.

Overview

A concerning vulnerability, CVE-2023-52142, has been discovered in the Cool Plugins Events Shortcodes for the Events Calendar. This vulnerability arises from the improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command, more commonly known as SQL Injection vulnerability. This flaw impacts all users of this plugin, and it poses a serious threat due to the potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-52142
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized read/write access to the database, potentially resulting in a system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cool Plugins Events Shortcodes For The Events Calendar | n/a through 2.3.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of the software’s failure to sufficiently sanitize user-supplied input. Particularly, an attacker can input malicious SQL statements into user input fields, which are then executed by the database. This could result in the alteration of existing data, deletion of data, or even retrieval of sensitive data stored in the database.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a simple HTTP POST request that includes a malicious SQL statement in the request body.

POST /event_search HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
event_name=summer_sale'; DROP TABLE users; --

The above code includes a SQL statement that would delete the ‘users’ table from the database if successfully executed. It’s important to note that the actual exploit would depend on the specific database setup and the exact SQL injection vulnerability present.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2024-21747 is a critical SQL Injection issue identified in the weDevs WP ERP software suite, a popular HR solution with recruitment, job listings, WooCommerce CRM, and accounting tools. Users of versions up to 1.12.8 might be exposed, thus it’s vital for administrators to address this issue promptly to prevent potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21747
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

weDevs WP ERP | Versions up to 1.12.8

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by manipulating user input fields that are incorporated into SQL queries without proper sanitization. The attacker can use specially crafted input to modify the SQL queries, leading to unauthorized viewing, modification, or deletion of data in the database.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a sample HTTP request, shell command, or pseudocode:

POST /wp-erp/vulnerable_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"user_input": "'; DROP TABLE employees; --"
}

In this example, the user input starts with a semicolon to end any prior SQL command, followed by a new command to drop a table, and finally a comment to make any subsequent SQL ignore. This is a simple example of SQL Injection that can lead to a significant data loss.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor-released patch as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to detect and block SQL Injection attempts.

Overview

CVE-2023-29050 is a high-severity security vulnerability that affects systems utilizing LDAP contacts provider. If successfully exploited, this vulnerability could allow privileged users to access content outside of the intended hierarchy, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. This issue is significant as it poses a threat to the confidentiality of information in the directory and could potentially cause high load on the directory server, leading to a denial of service.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-29050
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage, Potential Denial of Service

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

LDAP Contacts Provider | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exploits the optional “LDAP contacts provider.” Privileged users can inject LDAP filter strings that allow them to access content outside of the intended hierarchy. This could lead to unauthorized access to confidential information. In addition, the exploitation could potentially cause high load on the directory server, leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) condition.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

(&(objectClass=*)(malicious_filter))

In this example, a malicious filter is injected into the LDAP query, which allows privileged users to access content outside of the intended hierarchy. This could lead to unauthorized access to confidential information, system compromise, and potential Denial of Service (DoS) due to high load on the directory server.

Mitigation

The recommended mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-provided patch. If a patch is not immediately available or applicable, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation.