Author: Ameeba

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-46619 is a security issue that has been found in versions of Couchbase Server before 7.6.4 and has been rectified in v.7.6.4 and v.7.2.7 for Windows. This vulnerability could potentially allow unauthorized access to sensitive files, leading to system compromise or data leakage. Therefore, it’s a significant concern for businesses and individuals using affected versions of Couchbase Server.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46619
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive files, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Couchbase Server | Before 7.6.4

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-46619, allows unauthorized access to sensitive files such as /etc/passwd or /etc/shadow. An attacker, with low level privileges, can exploit this vulnerability over a network without user interaction. The successful exploitation might potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The below example is a conceptual representation of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

$ curl http://target.example.com:port/api/v1/files?file_path=/etc/passwd

In this hypothetical scenario, the attacker sends a HTTP GET request to the target server, attempting to access the /etc/passwd file.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch available for Couchbase Server versions 7.6.4 and 7.2.7 for Windows. For temporary mitigation, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-44193 pertains to the Simple Barangay Management System v1.0, a product of SourceCodester. This vulnerability poses a significant risk to any organization utilizing the aforementioned system, as it allows potential attackers to conduct SQL injection attacks. A successful exploit could lead to system compromise or data leakage, severely impacting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system and its data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-44193
Severity: High (7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SourceCodester Simple Barangay Management System | v1.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is due to insufficient sanitization of user-supplied inputs in the “/barangay_management/admin/?page=view_complaint” page of the application. An attacker can exploit this by sending a specially crafted SQL query to the application, which could allow the attacker to manipulate the SQL query, leading to unauthorized access to the system’s database.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /barangay_management/admin/?page=view_complaint&id=1' OR '1'='1 HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the “id” parameter in the URL is manipulated to include the SQL injection payload “‘ OR ‘1’=’1”. This malicious payload can force the SQL query to always return true, potentially allowing the attacker to view all complaints in the system.
It’s important to note that the specific payload and the result might vary depending on the structure of the system’s database and the specific SQL dialect used.

Overview

This report shines a light on the CVE-2025-46349 vulnerability, a reflected XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) flaw found in YesWiki, a PHP-based wiki system. The vulnerability, rated with a CVSS Severity Score of 7.6, affects all versions of YesWiki prior to 4.5.4. This vulnerability is significant due to its potential to compromise systems or lead to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46349
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Remote
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System Compromise, Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

YesWiki | Prior to 4.5.4

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability stems from improper sanitization of user input in the file upload form of YesWiki. An unauthenticated attacker can craft a malicious link, embedding a script. This script is then reflected back to the user’s browser when the victim clicks the link, executing within the context of the user’s session. This can lead to unauthorized actions being performed, session hijacking, or sensitive data exposure.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an HTTP request carrying the malicious payload might look:

GET /file-upload-form?filename=<script>malicious_code_here</script> HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-yeswiki-site.com

In this example, the “malicious_code_here” would be replaced by the actual exploit code the attacker wishes to run on the victim’s browser.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to immediately update their YesWiki installations to version 4.5.4 or later, where this vulnerability has been patched. In situations where immediate update is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, blocking or alerting on potential exploit attempts.

Overview

The CVE-2025-23178 vulnerability pertains to the improper restriction of a communication channel to its intended endpoints, identified as CWE-923. This critical vulnerability exposes systems to potential compromise, leading to unauthorized access or data leakage. Affected systems are at risk of being exploited by cybercriminals, emphasizing the need for immediate action and mitigation strategies.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-23178
Severity: Critical (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Product A | Versions x.x.x, y.y.y
Product B | Versions a.a.a, b.b.b

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by targeting the communication channel of the affected systems. Due to the improper restriction, an attacker can intercept the traffic between the system’s endpoints, gaining access to sensitive information. In some cases, this could allow the attacker to impersonate valid endpoints, leading to unauthorized control over the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the exploit might be performed. It represents a malicious HTTP request to a vulnerable endpoint:

GET /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Accept: application/json
{ "malicious_request": "intercept_traffic" }

In this example, the “malicious_request” is designed to intercept the traffic between the system’s endpoints, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. This is purely conceptual and may vary depending on the specific circumstances of the exploit.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the impact of CVE-2025-23178, vendors should be contacted for an appropriate patch. If a patch is not immediately available, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Regular monitoring and updating of system software can also help prevent potential exploits.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-23177, has been identified in several software products, posing a significant threat to system security. This vulnerability, rooted in CWE-427, involves an Uncontrolled Search Path Element that can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage. Given the severity of this vulnerability, understanding its nature, impact, and mitigation measures is crucial for businesses and organizations to effectively safeguard their systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-23177
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Local Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

[Product 1] | All versions prior to [version number]
[Product 2] | Versions 2.0 to 3.1

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by manipulating the search path element, a component of the software that helps locate the necessary libraries or components to perform its functions. An attacker can introduce malicious elements into the search path, which the software may then inadvertently use. This could enable unauthorized access, data leakage, or even full system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"malicious_payload": "Injected path: /malicious/directory"
}

In this example, the attacker sends a HTTP POST request to a vulnerable endpoint on the target server. The malicious payload instructs the server to include a path to a malicious directory, which could contain harmful scripts or commands.

Mitigation

Vulnerable systems should apply the vendor-released patch immediately to mitigate this vulnerability. In situations where immediate patching is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) can offer temporary protection by detecting and blocking potential exploits. However, these are not long-term solutions and patching must be prioritized to fully secure systems against CVE-2025-23177.

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-43862, affects the Dify open-source LLM app development platform. Prior to version 0.6.12, a critical access control flaw allowed non-admin users to access and modify the APP orchestration, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. This issue is significant as it exposes system sensitive information to unauthorized users, impacting both data integrity and confidentiality.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-43862
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access and modification of APP orchestration, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Dify | Prior to 0.6.12

How the Exploit Works

The exploit targets the improper access controls in Dify’s APP orchestration. A user without admin privileges is able to access and modify the APP orchestration due to lax access control mechanisms, even if the web UI for the APP orchestration is not presented to them. This can lead to unauthorized access and changes on the APPs, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

In a conceptual scenario, an attacker might send a request similar to the following to access and modify the APP orchestration:

POST /app-orchestration/modify HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
User: non-admin user
{ "app_id": "1234", "new_configuration": {...} }

This example demonstrates how a non-admin user could potentially make changes to the APP orchestration, leading to unauthorized modifications.
Please note: this is a hypothetical and simplified example, and actual exploitation of the vulnerability might require more complex interactions with the system.

Overview

The NVIDIA NeMo Framework has been found to contain a significant vulnerability that could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the targeted system. This vulnerability, designated as CVE-2025-23251, poses a serious threat to systems leveraging the NVIDIA NeMo Framework, due to the potential for system compromise and data leakage. Addressing this vulnerability is critical to ensure system integrity and data confidentiality.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-23251
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NVIDIA NeMo Framework | All prior versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is due to an improper control of the generation of code within the NVIDIA NeMo Framework. This flaw can be exploited by a remote attacker by sending specially crafted data to the system. Upon processing this malicious data, the system may execute the code, leading to unauthorized system access, potential code execution, and data tampering.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker sends a malicious payload via an HTTP POST request to a vulnerable endpoint.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }

Mitigation and Prevention

Users are strongly recommended to apply the latest patch provided by NVIDIA for the NeMo Framework to address this vulnerability. As a temporary mitigation, users can also deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block potential malicious traffic. Regular system and application updates, combined with robust cybersecurity practices, can contribute to mitigating the risk associated with this vulnerability.

Overview

The NVIDIA NeMo Framework has been discovered to contain a significant vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-23250, which is of interest to administrators, cybersecurity experts, and users. This security issue could potentially allow an attacker to improperly limit a pathname to a restricted directory, leading to unauthorized file writes. The subsequent compromise could result in code execution and data tampering, making this a severe risk to data integrity and system security.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-23250
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Pathname Restriction Bypass
Privileges Required: Low level
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Unauthorized file writes, potential code execution, and data tampering

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NVIDIA NeMo Framework | All prior versions to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by exploiting the vulnerability in the NVIDIA NeMo Framework’s handling of pathnames. An attacker can manipulate the pathname to bypass restrictions, allowing them to write arbitrary files in restricted directories. This can potentially lead to malicious code execution or data tampering if successfully exploited.

Conceptual Example Code

While the specific details of the exploit code are confidential, an illustrative example of the potential exploit could be:

# Attacker crafts a pathname that bypasses the restrictions
echo "malicious content" > /path/to/restricted/directory/../../arbitrary_file
# If successful, the attacker can write arbitrary files
# This can potentially lead to code execution or data tampering

Please note that the above is a simplified example and should not be used as an actual exploit. The real-world exploitation of this vulnerability may require complex manipulation of pathname and system-specific conditions.

Mitigation Guidance

Until a vendor patch is released and applied, users can implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation measures. These systems can help detect and prevent attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Users are strongly advised to update their NVIDIA NeMo Framework to the latest version as soon as the patch is available.

Overview

The NVIDIA NeMo Framework has been identified as having a serious vulnerability that could allow an attacker to execute remote code. This vulnerability is particularly dangerous as it allows the deserialization of untrusted data, potentially leading to system compromise and data leakage. All users and systems utilizing NVIDIA NeMo Framework are at risk and should take immediate action to resolve this issue.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-23249
Severity: High (7.6/10)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NVIDIA NeMo Framework | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a vulnerability in the NVIDIA NeMo Framework’s deserialization process. An attacker can craft malicious code and send it to the target system. The system then deserializes the untrusted data, leading to the execution of the malicious code. This can lead to unauthorized code execution and potential data tampering or leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited.

POST /nemo/framework/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "untrusted_data": "{ \"type\": \"Class\", \"value\": \"malicious_code\" }" }

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request with a JSON payload containing malicious code disguised as a class object. The system then deserializes the untrusted data, unknowingly executing the malicious code.

Mitigation Measures

NVIDIA has released a patch to address this vulnerability. All users and systems using the NVIDIA NeMo Framework should apply this patch immediately. As a temporary mitigation measure, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to identify and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. However, these measures are not a substitute for applying the vendor’s patch.

Overview

The CVE-2025-46252 vulnerability affects the Message Filter for Contact Form 7, a popular plugin for WordPress websites. It involves an SQL Injection vulnerability, which could potentially allow attackers to manipulate SQL queries leading to unauthorized access to sensitive information. This vulnerability could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, making its mitigation a high-priority task.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46252
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage. A successful exploit may allow unauthorized access to sensitive information, system compromise, and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

kofimokome Message Filter for Contact Form 7 | n/a through 1.6.3.2

How the Exploit Works

This SQL Injection vulnerability stems from the improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command within the Message Filter for Contact Form 7. An attacker can send specially crafted data through the contact form, which the application includes in an SQL query without proper sanitization. This allows the attacker to manipulate the query to extract, alter, or delete data from the database or potentially gain administrative access.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider the following conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Let’s assume the attacker sends the following data through the contact form:

POST /contact/form HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
name=John&email=john@example.com&message=hello'; DROP TABLE users; --

In this example, the attacker attempts to inject `’hello’; DROP TABLE users; –` as the message, which if processed improperly, could lead to the execution of the SQL command `DROP TABLE users`, leading to the deletion of the ‘users’ table from the database.