Author: Ameeba

Overview

The CVE-2025-50109 vulnerability represents a serious risk to systems running Emerson ValveLink Products, which have been discovered to store sensitive information in cleartext. This vulnerability could potentially be accessible to another control sphere and may lead to severe data leakage or even full system compromise. The rapid mitigation of this flaw is of utmost importance to ensure the security of all affected systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-50109
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Emerson ValveLink | Versions prior to 2025

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from improper storage of sensitive information in cleartext. An attacker with network access could exploit this flaw by intercepting the data as it is being transmitted or by accessing the resource where the information is stored. The vulnerability does not require any user interaction and requires only low-level privileges, making it easy for an attacker to exploit.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability, by making a network request to access the resource where the sensitive data is stored:

GET /resource/containing/sensitive/data HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

Upon receiving the response, the attacker could easily read the sensitive data, as it is stored in cleartext.

Mitigation Guidance

Users of affected versions of Emerson ValveLink products are advised to apply the vendor patch immediately to mitigate this vulnerability. In cases where immediate patching is not possible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these are not long-term solutions and can only minimize the risk of exploitation. The only definitive solution is to apply the patch provided by the vendor.

Overview

The Emerson ValveLink products have been found to be vulnerable to a significant cybersecurity issue identified as CVE-2025-46358. This vulnerability arises due to the improper use or complete lack of a necessary protection mechanism that should provide a sufficient defense against directed cyber attacks. It directly affects companies using Emerson’s ValveLink products, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage, which could have serious financial and reputational implications.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-46358
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Emerson ValveLink | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the improper or missing protection mechanism in Emerson’s ValveLink products. An attacker can craft and send specially designed network packets to the product. These packets, when processed, cause the system to behave unpredictably. This could potentially allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the system, compromise it, or even cause data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The conceptual example below demonstrates how an attacker may exploit the vulnerability, using a maliciously crafted network packet.

POST /valvelink/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "exploit_payload": "crafted_malicious_code" }

The above payload, when processed by an unpatched ValveLink system, could allow an attacker to manipulate the system behaviour, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation

The best mitigation approach is to apply the vendor-supplied patch immediately. If this is not possible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation method. However, this will not provide a comprehensive solution and the system will remain potentially vulnerable until the patch is applied.

Overview

This report focuses on the CVE-2025-53542, a critical vulnerability identified in the Kubernetes Headlamp project, an extensible web UI designed for Kubernetes. The vulnerability allows for command injection, which can lead to system compromise or data leakage. This issue is of particular concern due to the widespread use of Kubernetes in the tech industry, putting numerous systems at potential risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53542
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Kubernetes Headlamp | Up to 0.31.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the misuse of Node.js’s execSync() function in the codeSign.js script, which is part of the macOS packaging workflow. This function executes a shell command with the provided arguments. The parameters ${teamID}, ${entitlementsPath}, and ${config.app} are sourced dynamically from the environment or application config and are supplied to the command without proper sanitization or argument separation. If these values contain malicious input, it can lead to command injection, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Imagine an attacker has control over the ${teamID} environment variable and sets its value to `;rm -rf /`. The command executed with execSync() would then be equivalent to the following:

require('child_process').execSync('codesign --force --sign ${teamID} --entitlements ${entitlementsPath} ${config.app}');
//Equivalent to:
require('child_process').execSync('codesign --force --sign ;rm -rf / --entitlements ${entitlementsPath} ${config.app}');

This would result in the deletion of all files in the system’s root directory, demonstrating the potential destructive power of this vulnerability.

Mitigation Guidance

The vulnerability has been fixed in version 0.31.1 of Kubernetes Headlamp. Users are strongly advised to update to this version or later. If update is not possible, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation method.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures system has identified a critical vulnerability in SAP Business Warehouse and SAP Plug-In Basis systems. This vulnerability, CVE-2025-42952, could allow an authenticated attacker to compromise the system by adding fields to arbitrary SAP database tables and/or structures, leading to high impact on system availability. This vulnerability underscores the importance of diligent system patching and security measures in maintaining the integrity and availability of critical business systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-42952
Severity: High, CVSS Score 7.7
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Successful exploitation can render the system unusable by triggering short dumps on login. This could cause a high impact on availability. Data confidentiality and integrity are not affected.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

SAP Business Warehouse | All versions prior to patch
SAP Plug-In Basis | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

An attacker, once authenticated, can add fields to arbitrary SAP database tables and/or structures. The added fields can cause the system to trigger short dumps on user login, rendering the system unusable and causing a high impact on system availability.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a simplified, conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In reality, the exploit would be more complex and require a deep understanding of the SAP system architecture.

CONNECT TO SAP SYSTEM
AUTHENTICATE AS USER
SELECT * FROM DATABASE_TABLE
ALTER TABLE DATABASE_TABLE
ADD COLUMN MALICIOUS_FIELD DATA_TYPE
DISCONNECT FROM SAP SYSTEM

Mitigation Guidance

It is recommended to apply the vendor’s patch immediately. If applying the patch is not immediately feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. However, these measures do not fully address the vulnerability and should be considered as temporary solutions until the patch can be applied.

Overview

This report examines CVE-2025-6713, a significant vulnerability in MongoDB Server that allows unauthorized data access. MongoDB Server users, particularly those using versions v8.0 prior to 8.0.7, v7.0 prior to 7.0.20, and v6.0 prior to 6.0.22, are affected by this vulnerability. It is crucial to address this issue as it can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6713
Severity: High (CVSS 7.7)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to data, potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MongoDB Server | v8.0 prior to 8.0.7
MongoDB Server | v7.0 prior to 7.0.20
MongoDB Server | v6.0 prior to 6.0.22

How the Exploit Works

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by creating a specially crafted aggregation pipeline. The $mergeCursors stage in MongoDB Server improperly handles this pipeline, allowing the attacker to bypass authorization checks and gain unauthorized access to data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker sends a specially crafted HTTP request to the vulnerable MongoDB Server:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"aggregation_pipeline":
{
"$mergeCursors":
{
"source": "unauthorized_data_collection",
"options":
{
"pipeline": [
{"$match": {"_id": "target_record_id"}},
{"$project": {"sensitive_field": 1}}
]
}
}
}
}

In this example, the attacker targets a specific record (“target_record_id”) in an unauthorized data collection (“unauthorized_data_collection”) and extracts a sensitive field (“sensitive_field”).

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch. For MongoDB Server v8.0, upgrade to version 8.0.7 or later. For MongoDB Server v7.0, upgrade to version 7.0.20 or later. For MongoDB Server v6.0, upgrade to version 6.0.22 or later. As a temporary mitigation measure, users can also implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS).

Overview

The CVE-2025-28980 vulnerability is an improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory, also known as a ‘Path Traversal’ vulnerability. This vulnerability affects machouinard’s Aviation Weather from NOAA application. Its significance lies in its potential to lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-28980
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.7)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Aviation Weather from NOAA | n/a through 0.7.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the application’s insufficient sanitization or validation of user-supplied input. An attacker can manipulate the input to traverse the file system beyond the root directory, potentially gaining access to sensitive files or system resources. This could result in unauthorized information disclosure, modification, or destruction.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of how this vulnerability might be exploited is by crafting a malicious HTTP request in the following format:

GET /api/data?file=../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json

In this example, the attacker is attempting to access the ‘/etc/passwd’ file, which is a sensitive file located outside the intended directory. If successful, the attacker could gain access to user account information.

Recommended Mitigation Strategies

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may serve as a temporary mitigation strategy. Regular system and application updates, as well as input validation and sanitization, are also critical in preventing such vulnerabilities.

Overview

In this report, we will discuss a critical vulnerability known as CVE-2025-24765 that impacts the RobMarsh Image Shadow software. This vulnerability, categorized as a Path Traversal, allows malicious actors to access restricted directories potentially leading to system compromise or data leaks. It is crucial to address this vulnerability due to the severity of the potential damage it can cause.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-24765
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RobMarsh Image Shadow | n/a through 1.1.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the RobMarsh Image Shadow software that allows Path Traversal. An attacker, by sending a specifically crafted request, can trick the software into returning a file or executing a command from a restricted directory. This can potentially lead to unauthorized access, system compromise, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited.

GET /image?path=../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker attempts to access the `/etc/passwd` file, which is a restricted directory. The `../../../` in the request allows the attacker to move up the directory tree, bypassing the normal restrictions.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the CVE-2025-24765 vulnerability, users of the affected versions of RobMarsh Image Shadow are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

This document covers the details of a post-auth SQL injection vulnerability discovered in Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer. This critical vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-49218, could potentially allow an attacker to escalate privileges on affected installations, leading to system compromise or data leakage. Businesses and organizations using the affected products must promptly address this issue to safeguard their digital assets.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49218
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.7)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to the improper handling of user-supplied input in SQL queries by the Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer. An attacker with low-level privileges can manipulate SQL queries to execute arbitrary SQL code. This can result in unauthorized actions, including the escalation of privileges within the system, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode demonstrates a malicious SQL query injected into the system:

POST /TrendMicroPolicyServer/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=attacker' OR '1'='1'--&password=irrelevant

In this example, the attacker manipulates the ‘username’ field with a SQL injection payload that alters the SQL logic, bypassing the authentication mechanism. The ‘–‘ following the payload is a SQL comment that makes the rest of the query, including the password check, irrelevant.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the patch provided by Trend Micro as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help prevent SQL injection attacks. Always ensure that software is up-to-date and follow the principle of least privilege when assigning system rights to reduce the impact of potential future vulnerabilities.

Overview

This report discusses a significant SQL injection vulnerability (CVE-2025-49211) in the Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer. This vulnerability has a substantial impact on the security of affected installations and could potentially allow an attacker to escalate privileges. As a consequence, it poses a serious threat to data integrity and system security.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49211
Severity: High (7.7 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System Compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Trend Micro Endpoint Encryption PolicyServer | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to insufficient sanitization of user-supplied input within the PolicyServer. An attacker can exploit this flaw by sending specially crafted SQL queries to the affected system. If successful, they can manipulate SQL queries to execute arbitrary commands and modify data. This could lead to privilege escalation, allowing the attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or even control over the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example illustrating how this vulnerability might be exploited. Please note that this is a simplified representation and actual exploits may be more complex.

POST /PolicyServer/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=administrator' OR '1'='1';--

In this example, the SQL query behind the scenes may be manipulated, bypassing the authentication mechanism due to the `OR ‘1’=’1’` condition, which is always true. The `–` at the end of the payload is a SQL comment out operator, causing the rest of the original SQL query to be ignored. This could potentially grant the attacker administrative access.

Mitigation

The primary mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. As a temporary measure, it is recommended to employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block SQL injection attempts. Businesses should also consider implementing least privilege principles and input validation to minimize the potential attack surface.

Overview

This report provides an in-depth analysis of the recently discovered security vulnerability, CVE-2025-40591, which affects multiple versions of RUGGEDCOM ROX devices. This vulnerability, when exploited, could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, making it a serious issue for businesses using these devices. The vulnerability is particularly critical due to its ability to grant root privileges and disclose file system contents to an authenticated remote attacker.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-40591
Severity: High (CVSS 7.7)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low (Authenticated user)
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000 | All versions < V2.16.5 RUGGEDCOM ROX MX5000RE | All versions < V2.16.5 RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1400 | All versions < V2.16.5 RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1500 | All versions < V2.16.5 RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1510 | All versions < V2.16.5 RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1511 | All versions < V2.16.5 RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1524 | All versions < V2.16.5 RUGGEDCOM ROX RX1536 | All versions < V2.16.5 RUGGEDCOM ROX RX5000 | All versions < V2.16.5 How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the ‘Log Viewers’ tool in the web interface of the affected devices. Due to missing server-side input sanitation, an authenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious commands. This allows the attacker to execute the ‘tail’ command with root privileges, thereby disclosing the contents of all files in the filesystem.

Conceptual Example Code

The following conceptual example demonstrates how an authenticated attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /log_viewer HTTP/1.1
Host: affected_device_ip
Content-Type: application/json
Authorization: Bearer <auth_token>
{ "command": "; tail -n 100 /etc/passwd;" }

In the example above, the attacker injects a malicious ‘tail’ command into the ‘command’ parameter of a POST request to the ‘/log_viewer’ endpoint, and as a result, the contents of the ‘/etc/passwd’ file are returned in the response, revealing sensitive information.