Author: Ameeba

  • CVE-2025-9380: Hard-coded Credentials in FNKvision Y215 CCTV Camera

    Overview

    The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-9380 is a serious security flaw affecting FNKvision Y215 CCTV cameras. This vulnerability has an impact on the functionality of the file /etc/passwd of the component firmware, leading to the exposure of hard-coded credentials. With local access, attackers can exploit this vulnerability, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-9380
    Severity: High – CVSS 7.8
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    FNKvision Y215 CCTV Camera | 10.194.120.40

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability stems from the hard-coded credentials in the /etc/passwd file of the camera’s firmware. As such, an attacker with local access can exploit these credentials to gain unauthorized access to the system. The attacker can manipulate or extract data, compromise the system, or conduct other malicious activities.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Given the nature of the vulnerability, a potential exploit may involve a shell command that accesses the /etc/passwd file. Note that this is a conceptual example and might not work verbatim.

    # Obtain local access
ssh user@10.194.120.40
# Navigate to /etc/passwd
cd /etc/passwd
# Exploit hard-coded credentials
cat /etc/passwd

    Mitigation

    The optimal solution is to apply a patch from the vendor. However, the vendor has not yet responded to this disclosure. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These systems can help detect and prevent unauthorized access, thereby reducing the risk of a successful exploit. Additionally, it’s recommended to change all default passwords and regularly update them to further secure the system.

  • CVE-2025-52094: Insecure Permissions Vulnerability in PDQ Smart Deploy V.3.0.2040

    Overview

    This report provides an in-depth analysis of the CVE-2025-52094 vulnerability, a critical security flaw that affects PDQ Smart Deploy V.3.0.2040. The vulnerability is of particular concern because it allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code, which could lead to potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-52094
    Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    PDQ Smart Deploy | V.3.0.2040

    How the Exploit Works

    The CVE-2025-52094 vulnerability arises from insecure permissions in the HKLMSYSTEMSetupSmartDeploy component of PDQ Smart Deploy V.3.0.2040. This flaw allows a local attacker with low privileges to execute arbitrary code. The attacker can manipulate the insecure permissions to compromise the system and potentially leak data.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following pseudocode provides a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

    # pseudo code to exploit insecure permissions
def exploit(target):
# Access the HKLM\SYSTEM\Setup\SmartDeploy component
component = target.get_component("\HKLM\SYSTEM\Setup\SmartDeploy")
# Execute arbitrary code
component.execute("arbitrary_code")

    In this hypothetical example, the attacker first accesses the insecure \HKLM\SYSTEM\Setup\SmartDeploy component. After gaining access, the attacker can then execute arbitrary code to compromise the system and potentially leak data.

    Recommended Mitigations

    The best mitigation approach to this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch. In situations where the patch cannot be immediately applied, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. These systems can help to detect and block attempts to exploit the vulnerability.

  • CVE-2025-50674: Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in OpenMediaVault 7.4.17

    Overview

    A critical vulnerability has been discovered in OpenMediaVault 7.4.17, potentially allowing attackers to escalate privileges to root level. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of CVE-2025-50674, detailing the potential threat it poses to data security and system integrity.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-50674
    Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: User
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Privilege escalation to root, potentially resulting in system compromise or data leakage.

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    OpenMediaVault | 7.4.17

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability resides in the changePassword method in the /usr/share/php/openmediavault/system/user.inc file. A local authenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability to escalate their privileges to root level, potentially allowing them to compromise the system or leak data.

    Conceptual Example Code

    While no specific code is provided for this vulnerability, the conceptual exploitation could involve an authenticated user changing their password in a manner that manipulates the system and escalate their privileges. It could look something like this:

    changePassword($user, $current_password, $new_password, $root_privileges = true);

    In this conceptual example, the attacker modifies the changePassword function to include a parameter that grants root privileges.

    Remediation

    As a mitigation measure, it is strongly advised to apply vendor-provided patches immediately. In case of patch unavailability, users are advised to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation. Regularly updating and patching systems can significantly reduce the risk of such vulnerabilities.

  • CVE-2025-33120: Privilege Escalation Vulnerability in IBM QRadar SIEM

    Overview

    The vulnerability CVE-2025-33120 affects IBM QRadar SIEM versions 7.5 through 7.5.0 UP13, allowing an authenticated user to escalate their privileges via a misconfigured cronjob. This issue is significant because it can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, impacting the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the targeted system.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-33120
    Severity: High (CVSS 7.8)
    Attack Vector: Network
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: System compromise, Potential Data Leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    IBM QRadar SIEM | 7.5 through 7.5.0 UP13

    How the Exploit Works

    An authenticated user could exploit this vulnerability by taking advantage of a misconfigured cronjob that is executed with unnecessary privileges. By injecting malicious commands or scripts into this cronjob, the attacker can escalate their privileges, gaining unauthorized access to system resources or sensitive data.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Here is an illustrative example of how an attacker could exploit this vulnerability. This is not a functioning exploit code, but a concept to understand the nature of the threat.

    # Authenticating to the system
$ ssh user@qradar.example.com
# Locating the misconfigured cronjob
$ crontab -l
# Adding malicious command to the cronjob
$ (crontab -l ; echo "* * * * * /path/to/malicious/script.sh") | crontab -

    In this case, the malicious script.sh could be designed to grant the attacker higher privileges or exfiltrate sensitive data.

    Mitigation Guidance

    IBM has released a patch to address this vulnerability. Affected systems should be updated to the latest version as soon as possible. As a temporary mitigation, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can be used to monitor and block suspicious activities. However, these measures do not provide full protection against the vulnerability and should be used in conjunction with the vendor patch.

  • CVE-2024-56179: Directory Traversal Vulnerability in MindManager Windows

    Overview

    The vulnerability CVE-2024-56179 poses a significant threat to users of MindManager Windows versions prior to 24.1.150. By exploiting this vulnerability, an attacker can potentially write to unexpected directories on victims’ machines, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. The severity of this vulnerability underpins the need for immediate attention and remediation to ensure system security.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2024-56179
    Severity: High (7.8 CVSS)
    Attack Vector: Local File System
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    MindManager Windows | Prior to 24.1.150

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit works by leveraging a directory traversal vulnerability in MindManager Windows. This enables an attacker to access directories outside of the intended boundary. By manipulating file attachments located in malicious “.mmap” files and tricking the victim into opening these files, the attacker can write to directories on the victims’ machine that they would not normally have access to.

    Conceptual Example Code

    While specific exploit code isn’t available, a conceptual example of how a directory traversal attack might work is shown below:

    # Victim opens the malicious mmap file
open malicious_file.mmap
# Inside the mmap file, a directory traversal payload is executed
# The "../" sequences enable directory traversal
write_to_file("../../../../../unexpected_directory/unintended_file.txt")

    This command would result in writing data to an unintended file located in an unexpected directory, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

    Recommendations

    Users are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch, which is available for MindManager Windows version 24.1.150. As a temporary mitigation, users can employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and prevent potential exploitation attempts.

  • CVE-2025-55230: Privilege Elevation Via Untrusted Pointer Dereference in Windows MBT Transport Driver

    Overview

    This report enumerates the details of a serious vulnerability in the Windows MBT Transport driver, identified as CVE-2025-55230. This vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker to escalate their privileges locally, presenting a significant risk to system integrity and data security. Due to the widespread usage of Windows operating systems in businesses and personal computing, this vulnerability has the potential to impact a vast number of users.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-55230
    Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential local system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Microsoft Windows | All versions up to the latest patch

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability exploits an untrusted pointer dereference in the Windows MBT Transport driver. An attacker, with local access and basic privileges, can manipulate pointers within the driver, causing the system to reference memory locations that the attacker controls. This could allow the attacker to inject malicious code into these memory locations, potentially leading to execution of unauthorized instructions, granting them elevated privileges.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The actual exploit would be highly technical and specific to the system’s architecture and the exact memory locations involved. However, conceptually, it might be seen as something like this:

    #include <windows.h>
void exploit() {
// Obtain handle to MBT Transport driver
DWORD hDriver = getDriverHandle("MBT Transport");
// Prepare malicious payload
void* payload = preparePayload();
// Dereference pointer to an attacker-controlled memory location
void* ptr = untrustedDereference(hDriver, payload);
// Execute the payload with elevated privileges
executePayload(ptr);
}

    Mitigation

    Microsoft has released a patch to address this vulnerability. All users and administrators are strongly advised to apply this patch as soon as possible. If unable to apply the patch immediately, users may employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure, though this is not a complete solution.

  • CVE-2025-38743: Buffer Access with Incorrect Length Value vulnerability in Dell iDRAC Service Module (iSM)

    Overview

    The CVE-2025-38743 vulnerability is a significant security issue that affects Dell’s iDRAC Service Module (iSM) in versions prior to 6.0.3.0. This vulnerability could potentially be exploited by low privileged attackers with local access to execute code and elevate privileges, leading to system compromise or data leakage. Its seriousness warrants immediate attention and action from all affected parties.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-38743
    Severity: High (7.8 CVSS Score)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: None
    Impact: Code execution and elevation of privileges, potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Dell iDRAC Service Module (iSM) | Prior to 6.0.3.0

    How the Exploit Works

    An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by taking advantage of the buffer access with incorrect length value in the Dell iDRAC Service Module (iSM). This allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system, effectively bypassing the system’s inherent security measures. The attacker can then elevate their privileges, allowing them to access sensitive information or potentially compromise the entire system.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability could be exploited. It does not represent an actual exploit.

    $ echo "malicious_code" > exploit.bin
$ ./dell_ism exploit.bin

    In this example, an attacker saves a malicious code snippet to a file `exploit.bin`, then runs the vulnerable Dell iSM software with `exploit.bin` as an input. This causes the software to execute the malicious code, leading to the potential for privilege escalation and system compromise.

    Mitigation Guidance

    The recommended solution for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch. Dell has released a patch for iDRAC Service Module (iSM), updating it to version 6.0.3.0. Users are advised to update their iSM to this version as soon as possible.
    In cases where immediate patching is not feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. However, these measures are merely palliative and do not address the core vulnerability. As such, patching should still be carried out as soon as practicable.

  • CVE-2025-52584: Heap-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt, Xenon, Argon, Lithium, and Cobalt Share

    Overview

    This report provides an in-depth analysis of a critical vulnerability discovered in Ashlar-Vellum’s software suite, designated as CVE-2025-52584. The affected applications lack appropriate validation of user-supplied data when parsing XE files, leading to a heap-based buffer overflow. This vulnerability, if exploited, could grant an attacker the ability to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process, potentially compromising system integrity or causing data leakage.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-52584
    Severity: High – CVSS 7.8
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: Low
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt | Prior to 12.6.1204.204
    Ashlar-Vellum Xenon | Prior to 12.6.1204.204
    Ashlar-Vellum Argon | Prior to 12.6.1204.204
    Ashlar-Vellum Lithium | Prior to 12.6.1204.204
    Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Share | Prior to 12.6.1204.204

    How the Exploit Works

    The vulnerability originates from improper validation of user-supplied data when parsing XE files. An attacker can exploit this flaw by crafting a malicious XE file that triggers a heap-based buffer overflow. This overflow could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code within the context of the current running process.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following pseudocode illustrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. This is merely a conceptual representation and should not be used for malicious purposes.

    // Create a malicious XE file
XEFile maliciousFile = createXEFile();
// Overflow the buffer size with arbitrary code
maliciousFile.bufferOverflow("arbitrary code");
// Execute the malicious XE file in the context of the current process
execute(maliciousFile);

    Mitigation Guidance

    To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor’s patch for all affected versions. If the patch is not available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation.

  • CVE-2025-46269: Heap-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability in Ashlar-Vellum Products

    Overview

    This report will discuss the details of a critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-46269, that affects multiple Ashlar-Vellum products. The vulnerability lies in the improper validation of user-supplied data when parsing VC6 files, leading to a potential heap-based buffer overflow. This could have serious implications for system integrity and data security, as it could be leveraged by an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-46269
    Severity: High – CVSS Score 7.8
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt | Prior to 12.6.1204.204
    Ashlar-Vellum Xenon | Prior to 12.6.1204.204
    Ashlar-Vellum Argon | Prior to 12.6.1204.204
    Ashlar-Vellum Lithium | Prior to 12.6.1204.204
    Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt Share | Prior to 12.6.1204.204

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit occurs when the affected applications parse a maliciously crafted VC6 file. Due to improper validation of user-supplied data, a heap-based buffer overflow can be triggered. This can allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

    Conceptual Example Code

    Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious VC6 file:

    $ echo "malicious_payload" > exploit.vc6
$ ./vulnerable_application exploit.vc6

    In this conceptual example, a malicious payload is written into a VC6 file named “exploit.vc6”. This file is then opened in the vulnerable application, triggering the heap-based buffer overflow and executing the malicious payload in the context of the current process.

  • CVE-2025-53705: Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability in Ashlar-Vellum Software

    Overview

    A critical vulnerability, dubbed as CVE-2025-53705, has been discovered in multiple versions of Ashlar-Vellum software. The affected applications fail to properly validate user-supplied data, leading to potential out-of-bounds write scenarios. This vulnerability can be exploited to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process, posing a significant threat to system security and data integrity.

    Vulnerability Summary

    CVE ID: CVE-2025-53705
    Severity: High (CVSS: 7.8)
    Attack Vector: Local
    Privileges Required: None
    User Interaction: Required
    Impact: Arbitrary code execution, potential system compromise or data leakage

    Affected Products

    Product | Affected Versions

    Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt | Prior to 12.6.1204.204
    Ashlar-Vellum Xenon | Prior to 12.6.1204.204
    Ashlar-Vellum Argon | Prior to 12.6.1204.204
    Ashlar-Vellum Lithium | Prior to 12.6.1204.204
    Cobalt Share | Prior to 12.6.1204.204

    How the Exploit Works

    The exploit leverages the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data in the targeted applications. When parsing CO files, the affected software fails to properly check the bounds of data, leading to an out-of-bounds write. An attacker, by supplying maliciously crafted data, can exploit this weakness to execute arbitrary code within the context of the current process.

    Conceptual Example Code

    The following pseudocode gives a conceptual demonstration of how the vulnerability might be exploited.

    def exploit(target):
malicious_data = craft_malicious_data() # Function to craft malicious data
co_file = create_co_file(malicious_data) # Function to create a CO file with malicious data
# Simulate user interaction that leads to the parsing of the crafted CO file
user_interaction = simulate_user_interaction(target, co_file)
if user_interaction:
execute_arbitrary_code(target) # Function to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process

    Mitigation

    Users of the affected software are advised to update to the latest version (12.6.1204.204 or later). If unable to do so, consider using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure until a patch can be applied.

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