Author: Ameeba

Overview

The CVE-2024-52879 vulnerability exposes certain versions of Insyde InsydeH2O kernel to potential system compromise or data leakage. The issue arises from a buffer over-read in the VariableRuntimeDxe driver, specifically in the SmmUpdateVariablePropertySmi function. This vulnerability is of significant concern to users and systems utilizing the affected Insyde InsydeH2O kernel versions due to the severity of threats it poses.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-52879
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

InsydeH2O Kernel | 5.2 before version 05.29.50
InsydeH2O Kernel | 5.3 before version 05.38.50
InsydeH2O Kernel | 5.4 before version 05.46.50
InsydeH2O Kernel | 5.5 before version 05.54.50
InsydeH2O Kernel | 5.6 before version 05.61.50
InsydeH2O Kernel | 5.7 before version 05.70.50

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability is in the SmmUpdateVariablePropertySmi function of the VariableRuntimeDxe driver. This function uses the StrCmp function to compare variable names, which can cause a buffer over-read. An attacker can exploit this issue by sending a specially crafted request that triggers the buffer over-read, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

While a specific example is not provided, the following pseudocode can serve as a conceptual illustration of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

// Pseudocode
char* malicious_variable = "long_string_that_causes_buffer_overread";
char* existing_variable = "existing_variable_name";
int result = StrCmp(existing_variable, malicious_variable);
if (result == 0) {
// Buffer over-read occurs here
}

The malicious_variable string would be crafted to cause the buffer over-read, leading to the potential system compromise or data leakage.

Overview

The cybersecurity vulnerability outlined in this report, identified as CVE-2024-52878, affects the Insyde InsydeH2O kernel versions 5.2 through 5.7. This vulnerability poses a significant threat due to its potential to enable unauthorized system compromise or data leakage. The severity and potential impact of this vulnerability underscore the importance of immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-52878
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Insyde InsydeH2O Kernel | 5.2 before 05.29.50
Insyde InsydeH2O Kernel | 5.3 before 05.38.50
Insyde InsydeH2O Kernel | 5.4 before 05.46.50
Insyde InsydeH2O Kernel | 5.5 before 05.54.50
Insyde InsydeH2O Kernel | 5.6 before 05.61.50
Insyde InsydeH2O Kernel | 5.7 before 05.70.50

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the VariableServicesSetVariable () function in the VariableRuntimeDxe driver, which can be invoked by various calls. This function uses StrSize () to get the variable name size, StrLen () to get the variable name length, and StrCmp () to compare strings. These actions can lead to a buffer over-read, potentially resulting in unauthorized access or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a conceptual example showing how an unauthorized user might exploit this vulnerability:

#include <VariableRuntimeDxe.h>
int main() {
char varName[100];
// Fill varName with overly long string
for(int i=0; i<100; i++)
varName[i] = 'A';
varName[99] = '\0';
// Call vulnerable function
gRT->SetVariable(varName, ...);
}

Note: This is a conceptual example and may not directly represent actual exploit code.

Recommendations

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as available. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could be employed for temporary mitigation.

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been detected in various versions of the Insyde InsydeH2O kernels. This flaw, identified as CVE-2024-52877, could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage if successfully exploited. The vulnerability is especially significant due to the widespread use of these kernels in various systems, making many entities potentially susceptible to this threat if not promptly addressed.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-52877
Severity: High (7.5 – CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Insyde InsydeH2O Kernel | 5.2 before 05.29.50
Insyde InsydeH2O Kernel | 5.3 before 05.38.50
Insyde InsydeH2O Kernel | 5.4 before 05.46.50
Insyde InsydeH2O Kernel | 5.5 before 05.54.50
Insyde InsydeH2O Kernel | 5.6 before 05.61.50
Insyde InsydeH2O Kernel | 5.7 before 05.70.50

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a flaw in the VariableRuntimeDxe driver. Specifically, the SmmCreateVariableLockList() callback function calls CreateVariableLockListInSmm(). This function uses StrSize() to obtain the variable name size, leading to a potential buffer over-read. Attackers could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted input that triggers the buffer over-read, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited could involve sending a malicious payload to the vulnerable endpoint. This could take the form of a specially crafted HTTP request, as shown below:

POST /VariableRuntimeDxe/StrSize HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "variable_name": "overly_long_variable_name_..." }

This example is meant to showcase how an attacker could potentially exploit the vulnerability by sending an overly long variable name, leading to a buffer over-read.

Overview

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system has identified a buffer overflow vulnerability in WS-WN572HP3 V230525 that poses significant cybersecurity threats. This vulnerability can be exploited to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a specially crafted HTTP request, affecting any organization or individual using the vulnerable component. Consequences can range from temporary unavailability of services to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-44879
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WS-WN572HP3 | V230525

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a buffer overflow vulnerability in the /www/cgi-bin/upload.cgi component of WS-WN572HP3 V230525. Buffer overflow occurs when more data is put into a fixed-length buffer than it can handle, causing an overflow of data into adjacent memory locations. In this case, an attacker sends an HTTP request containing excessive data specifically crafted to overflow the buffer. This overflow can lead to unpredictable program behavior, including memory access errors, incorrect results, a crash, or a breach of system security.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP request that contains a large amount of data meant to overflow the buffer.

POST /www/cgi-bin/upload.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: multipart/form-data
{ "file": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA..." } // excessively long string

Mitigation

Until a vendor patch is available, users are advised to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation. The vendor is expected to release a patch that addresses the vulnerability by imposing stricter input validation checks to prevent buffer overflow. As general good practice, regular updates and patches should be applied to all software and firmware to mitigate the risk of exploitation.

Overview

A critical vulnerability labeled as CVE-2025-26783 has been identified in several Samsung processors. These include the Mobile Processor, Wearable Processor, and Modem Exynos with various model numbers. The vulnerability, due to incorrect handling of undefined values, can potentially lead to a Denial of Service (DoS), compromising system integrity and leading to potential data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-26783
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to a Denial of Service (DoS), system compromise, and potential data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Samsung Mobile Processor Exynos | 2100, 1280, 2200, 1330, 1380, 1480, 2400
Samsung Wearable Processor | W1000
Samsung Modem | 5300, 5400

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the incorrect handling of undefined values in the Real-time Radio Controller (RRC) of the affected processors. This mishandling can trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) condition, disrupting the normal functioning of the device. Depending upon the context and the attacker’s objectives, this could potentially lead to a full system compromise or even data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

While a specific exploit code is not available, an attacker could potentially craft a malicious payload that takes advantage of the mishandling of undefined values. A conceptual example could look similar to this pseudocode:

POST /rrc/handler HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "undefined_value": "trigger_DoS" }

This conceptual example showcases a payload designed to exploit the vulnerability by sending an undefined value to the RRC handler, triggering a Denial of Service condition.
Please note this is a conceptual example and the actual exploit might be different based on the specific APIs and system architecture of the affected products.

Overview

This report provides an analysis of a critical vulnerability, denoted as CVE-2024-55569, which affects a wide range of Samsung’s mobile processors, wearable processors, and modems. This security flaw, due to the absence of a length check, can lead to out-of-bounds writes, potentially compromising system security and leading to data leakage. As Samsung devices are widely used globally, this vulnerability poses a significant threat to user data and system integrity.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-55569
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Possible system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Samsung Mobile Processor Exynos | 9820, 9825, 980, 990, 850, 1080, 2100, 1280, 2200, 1330, 1380, 1480, 2400
Samsung Wearable Processor Exynos | 9110, W920, W930, W1000
Samsung Modem | 5123, 5300, 5400

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the lack of a length check during data processing in the affected Samsung processors and modems. This absence of a length check can result in out-of-bounds writes when processing excessively long data inputs. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted data packets to the target device. This could potentially lead to unauthorized code execution or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of a malicious packet that could exploit the vulnerability:

POST /processor/write HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
{ "data": "A".repeat(1000000) }  // An excessively long string

In this example, the attacker sends a POST request with an excessively long string as the data payload. This unexpected lengthy data could trigger the out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the absence of a proper length check.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are urged to apply the latest patches provided by Samsung. If such patches are not available, users should consider deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary measure to detect and prevent potential attacks.

Overview

This report provides a detailed analysis of the CVE-2025-2900 vulnerability. This vulnerability affects IBM Semeru Runtime versions 8.0.302.0 through 8.0.442.0, 11.0.12.0 through 11.0.26.0, 17.0.0.0 through 17.0.14.0, and 21.0.0.0 through 12.0.6.0. The issue stems from a flaw in the native AES/CBC encryption implementation, potentially causing system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-2900
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of service, potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IBM Semeru Runtime | 8.0.302.0 – 8.0.442.0
IBM Semeru Runtime | 11.0.12.0 – 11.0.26.0
IBM Semeru Runtime | 17.0.0.0 – 17.0.14.0
IBM Semeru Runtime | 21.0.0.0 – 12.0.6.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by sending a large volume of data to the server running affected versions of IBM Semeru Runtime. This overloads the buffer in the AES/CBC encryption implementation, causing a buffer overflow. This overflow results in a crash, causing a denial of service. In some instances, it may also lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

import socket
buffer = "A" * 5000
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(("target_IP", target_port))
s.send(buffer)
s.close()

In the above sample Python script, an attacker could potentially overload the buffer by sending a large amount of data (“A” * 5000), causing the system to crash and possibly enable the exploitation of additional vulnerabilities.

Overview

The CVE-2025-47707 refers to an authentication bypass vulnerability found in the Drupal Enterprise MFA – TFA. This vulnerability can potentially allow malicious actors to bypass the multi-factor authentication system in affected Drupal versions, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. This vulnerability is significant due to its potential impact on Drupal systems and the widespread usage of this CMS platform.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47707
Severity: High (CVSS 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: The impact of exploiting this vulnerability is significant, potentially leading to a complete system compromise or leakage of sensitive data.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Drupal Enterprise MFA – TFA | 0.0.0 before 4.7.0
Drupal Enterprise MFA – TFA | 5.0.0 before 5.2.0

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability allows an attacker to bypass the multi-factor authentication mechanism in Drupal due to an error in the way the system handles authentication requests. By exploiting this flaw, an attacker can gain access to the system without providing accurate authentication credentials. In essence, it opens an alternate path or channel for unauthorized access to the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using HTTP request. The attacker sends a POST request to a vulnerable endpoint with a malicious payload.

POST /drupal/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"auth_payload": "bypass_auth_token"
}

In this example, the “bypass_auth_token” is a placeholder for an actual malicious payload that would exploit the vulnerability, bypassing the multi-factor authentication process.

Overview

A notable security vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-3875, has been discovered affecting Thunderbird’s email client. This vulnerability could potentially allow malicious actors to spoof the sender’s address, leading to a system compromise or data leakage. The severity of this vulnerability underscores the importance of timely patch management and the implementation of appropriate security measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-3875
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage due to sender spoofing

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Thunderbird | < 128.10.1 Thunderbird | < 138.0.1 How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the way Thunderbird parses addresses. It allows an invalid From address to be used, allowing sender spoofing. For instance, if the From header contains an invalid value such as “Spoofed Name “, Thunderbird treats spoofed@example.com as the actual address, potentially enabling malicious actors to launch phishing attacks or propagate malware.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example that demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability. Please note that this is a hypothetical example and not an actual exploit:

POST /sendEmail HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"from": "Spoofed Name <spoofed@example.com>",
"to": "victim@example.com",
"subject": "Important Update",
"body": "Please click on the link to update your account"
}

In this example, the attacker is sending an email appearing to come from “spoofed@example.com” while the actual sender address is hidden in the From field.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-released patch immediately. If this is not feasible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as temporary mitigation. Regular audits of system logs for any suspicious activity are also recommended.
Please note that while mitigation strategies can lower the risk of exploitation, they cannot entirely eliminate it. The most effective defense against this vulnerability is to apply the vendor’s patch as soon as possible.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-26785, has been discovered in NAS in various Samsung Mobile and Wearable Processors. The vulnerability, if successfully exploited, could lead to system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant security risk to users and organizations leveraging these devices. This report comprehensively details the vulnerability, its implications, and recommended mitigation measures.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-26785
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Samsung Mobile Processor Exynos | 9820, 9825, 980, 990, 850, 1080, 2100, 1280, 2200, 1330, 1380, 1480, 2400
Samsung Wearable Processor | W920, W930, W1000
Samsung Modem | Modem 5123, Modem 5300, Modem 5400

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability originates from the lack of a length check in the software of the aforementioned processors. This oversight allows for an out-of-bounds write condition, leading to a buffer overflow. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted payload that exceeds the expected data length. This could result in arbitrary code execution, leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void vulnerable_function(char *str) {
char buffer[50];
strcpy(buffer, str);
}
int main() {
char malicious_payload[100];
memset(malicious_payload, 'A', 99);
malicious_payload[99] = '\0';
vulnerable_function(malicious_payload);
return 0;
}

In this conceptual example, the `vulnerable_function` copies the `malicious_payload` into a buffer that can only hold 50 characters, causing a buffer overflow. This could potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a system crash.

Mitigation Guidance

Users and organizations are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it is available. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These tools can monitor and block suspicious activities, reducing the risk of a successful exploit.