Author: Ameeba

Overview

The CVE-2025-31134 is a severe vulnerability that affects the self-hosted RSS feed aggregator, FreshRSS. The critical flaw allows an attacker to gain additional information about the server, potentially leading to a system compromise or data leakage. This report details the vulnerability, the affected products, and the mitigation guidance.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-31134
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

FreshRSS | Prior to 1.26.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the lack of proper security controls in FreshRSS’s directory structure. An attacker can send specific requests to the server, checking for the existence of certain directories. This information can reveal the presence of older PHP versions or other software installed on the server. Armed with this information, the attacker can plan further attacks based on known vulnerabilities of the identified software.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker might use a command similar to the following to check for the existence of a directory:

GET /path/to/directory HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

If the server responds with a 200 OK status, the attacker knows the directory exists and can then infer information about the server’s configuration or installed software.

Mitigation Guidance

FreshRSS has released a patch in version 1.26.2 that addresses this vulnerability. It is highly recommended that users update their software to the latest version. In the event that an immediate update is not possible, users should consider implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary mitigation measure.

Overview

A significant security vulnerability has been discovered in the VMware NSX Manager UI, identified as CVE-2025-22243. This vulnerability exposes systems to a stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attack due to inadequate input validation. As a result, it leaves systems vulnerable to potential compromise or data leakage, posing a significant risk to data integrity and system security.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-22243
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

VMware NSX Manager UI | [All versions prior to the patch]

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability occurs due to VMware NSX Manager UI’s failure to adequately validate and sanitize user-generated input. An attacker can inject malicious scripts into the system, which are then stored and executed when a user accesses the compromised web page. This approach allows the attacker to execute arbitrary scripts in the context of the user’s browser, potentially leading to unauthorized access, data theft, or other malicious activities.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a basic example demonstrating how a malicious script might be injected into a vulnerable system:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"user_input": "<script>malicious_code_here</script>"
}

In this example, the “user_input” field is used to carry the malicious script. When the JSON payload is processed by the vulnerable system, the script is unintentionally executed. This can lead to various harmful outcomes, depending on the intentions of the attacker.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2018-25112 is a critical flaw where an unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit uncontrolled resource consumption in the IEC 61131 program of the affected products. This can lead to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) of the device, hampering its functionality. This vulnerability poses a significant threat to organizations using affected products, as it can result in potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2018-25112
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage due to Denial-of-Service (DoS)

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IEC 61131 | All versions before the vendor patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises due to uncontrolled resource consumption in the IEC 61131 program. An unauthenticated remote attacker can flood the network with large amounts of traffic that the ILC has to handle. This excessive load on the system can lead to a Denial-of-Service, thus rendering the device unusable. This can potentially lead to system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how an attacker might generate large amounts of traffic to exploit this vulnerability:

for i in {1..100000}
do
curl -X POST http://target.example.com/vulnerable_endpoint -d "{ \"data\": \"$i\" }" &
done

In this example, the attacker uses a simple shell script to repeatedly send HTTP POST requests to the vulnerable endpoint.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the latest patches provided by the vendor. Until patches can be applied, use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation. Regularly update and patch systems to prevent exploitation of known vulnerabilities.

Overview

A critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-23100, has been identified in Samsung Mobile Processors, specifically in Exynos 1280, 2200, 1380, 1480, 2400 models. This vulnerability originates from the absence of a NULL check, leading to the potential for a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. Given the widespread use of these processors in mobile devices, the impact of this vulnerability is significant and requires immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-23100
Severity: High (CVSS 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Samsung Processor Exynos 1280 | All versions
Samsung Processor Exynos 2200 | All versions
Samsung Processor Exynos 1380 | All versions
Samsung Processor Exynos 1480 | All versions
Samsung Processor Exynos 2400 | All versions

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an absent NULL check in the affected processors. An attacker can send specially crafted data to the processor, which due to the missing NULL check, may cause the system to crash, leading to a Denial of Service. Moreover, in some cases, this could also potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, escalating the impact of the vulnerability.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This pseudocode simulates a scenario where an attacker sends malicious data to the processor.

def send_malicious_data(target_processor):
data = get_malicious_data()  # Function to generate malicious data
target_processor.process(data)  # Send malicious data to the processor

In this example, `get_malicious_data()` represents a function that generates malicious data crafted to exploit the vulnerability. The `process()` function represents the method in the target processor that processes incoming data. The absence of a NULL check in this function leads to the system crash and potential data leakage.

Overview

CVE-2025-4435 is a critical vulnerability that stems from the improper handling of filtered files during the extraction of archives. This vulnerability affects a range of systems and applications that utilize TarFile for archive management, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. The issue arises when TarFile.errorlevel = 0 and extraction occurs with a filter, whereby the expectation is for filtered members to be skipped in the extraction process, but they are not.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4435
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or Data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

TarFile | All versions prior to patch release
Python | Versions using affected TarFile library

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the faulty behavior of TarFile.errorlevel = 0 during archive extraction. Instead of skipping the filtered members as expected, the vulnerability allows these members to be extracted. An attacker can exploit this by embedding malicious payloads in such filtered members. When the extraction process happens, the malicious payload is released into the system, potentially leading to system compromises or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability.

# Create a tarfile with malicious payload
import tarfile
tar = tarfile.open("exploit.tar", "w")
tar.add("malicious_payload")
tar.close()
# Now, the tarfile is sent to the target system. On the target system, the following happens:
import tarfile
tar = tarfile.open("exploit.tar")
tar.errorlevel = 0  # Expectation: malicious_payload should be skipped during extraction
tar.extractall(path="target_directory", members=filter_function)  # Actual: malicious_payload gets extracted
tar.close()

In the above example, `filter_function` is intended to filter out `malicious_payload`, but due to the vulnerability, it is not skipped during extraction.

Overview

This report details the critical vulnerability CVE-2025-4330, affecting Python’s tarfile module. The vulnerability allows the extraction filter to be ignored, enabling symlink targets to point outside of the destination directory, and the modification of some file metadata. This could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, and is particularly pertinent to users of Python 3.14 or later.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4330
Severity: Critical (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Python | 3.14 and later

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability exploits a flaw in the tarfile module of Python where the extraction filter can be ignored. This allows for symlink targets to point outside the destination directory, potentially leading to unauthorized access to files or directories. Additionally, it enables the modification of some file metadata, presenting potential data integrity issues.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. This example illustrates the use of TarFile.extractall() with a malicious tar file that contains a symlink pointing to a sensitive file outside the extraction directory.

import tarfile
# Open the malicious tar file
with tarfile.open('malicious.tar', 'r') as tar:
# Extract all files, ignoring the extraction filter
tar.extractall(path='destination_directory', filter=None)

In this example, if ‘malicious.tar’ contains a symlink that points to a file outside ‘destination_directory’, the file would still be extracted due to the filter being ignored. This could potentially lead to unauthorized access to sensitive files.

Overview

This report covers the CVE-2025-4138 vulnerability, a significant flaw in the Python tarfile module. This vulnerability allows the extraction filter to be bypassed, enabling symlink targets to point outside the destination directory and the modification of some file metadata. This affects developers and organizations that employ the tarfile module to extract untrusted tar archives using specific parameters. The vulnerability is of particular concern due to its potential for system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-4138
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Python Tarfile Module | Python 3.14 or later

How the Exploit Works

The exploit operates by bypassing the extraction filter in the Python tarfile module, allowing symlink targets to point outside the destination directory. This allows an attacker to modify file metadata and potentially extract data or compromise the system. The exploit specifically targets the use of TarFile.extractall() or TarFile.extract() with the filter= parameter with a value of “data” or “tar”.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

import tarfile
def malicious_extract(tar_path, extract_path):
with tarfile.open(tar_path) as tar:
for member in tar.getmembers():
if '..' in member.name:
continue
tar.extract(member, path=extract_path, set_attrs=False)
malicious_extract('untrusted_archive.tar', '/safe/directory/')

In this example, the `malicious_extract` function opens a tar file and iterates over its members. If a member’s name contains ‘..’, symbolizing a path above the current directory level, it is ignored, and the extraction continues, potentially allowing harmful code execution or data extraction.

Overview

The vulnerability tagged as CVE-2025-27038 is a significant flaw in the Adreno GPU drivers used in Google Chrome. This vulnerability enables an attacker to cause memory corruption while rendering graphics, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage. Given the high popularity of Google Chrome among individual and corporate users, the severity of this issue is noteworthy.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27038
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Chrome | All versions using Adreno GPU drivers

How the Exploit Works

The exploit targets the graphics rendering process in Chrome. When Chrome uses Adreno GPU drivers to render graphics, certain inputs can cause memory corruption, leading to undefined behavior in the system. This can be manipulated by a malicious actor to compromise the system or leak data.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider the following hypothetical example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

// A WebGL context is created
var canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
var gl = canvas.getContext('webgl');
// A shader program is created
var program = gl.createProgram();
// Malicious shader code is inserted, causing memory corruption
var shaderCode = `
precision highp float;
void main() {
float x = 0.0;
for(int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) {
x += float(i);
}
gl_FragColor = vec4(x, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
}
`;
var shader = gl.createShader(gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER);
gl.shaderSource(shader, shaderCode);
gl.compileShader(shader);
// The shader program is linked and used
gl.attachShader(program, shader);
gl.linkProgram(program);
gl.useProgram(program);
// The graphics are rendered, triggering the memory corruption
gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 3);

This example illustrates how a carefully crafted WebGL program could potentially exploit the memory corruption vulnerability in the Adreno GPU drivers.

Mitigation

Users are recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. Until then, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation.

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-27029, is a serious cybersecurity threat that can potentially lead to a transient Denial of Service (DoS) attack. This vulnerability arises due to the improper handling of an out-of-range tone measurement response buffer. Systems and networks that rely on these response buffers are at high risk, and the impact of this vulnerability could lead to system compromise or significant data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27029
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Successful exploitation can lead to system compromise and potential data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Product 1 | All versions prior to 2.0.1
Product 2 | Versions 3.5.1 to 3.5.6

How the Exploit Works

This exploit takes advantage of a vulnerability in the processing of the tone measurement response buffer. If a malicious actor sends a response buffer that is out of the accepted range, it can cause a transient DoS condition. This would effectively render the system unresponsive, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual exploitation of this vulnerability might look something like this:

POST /tonemeasurement/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "response_buffer": "10000000000..." }

In this example, the “response_buffer” value is set to an out-of-range value, which could trigger the DoS condition.

Overview

The CVE-2025-21463 vulnerability pertains to a denial-of-service (DoS) issue that arises while processing the EHT operation IE within received beacon frames. This vulnerability is of particular concern to network administrators and security professionals as it could lead to system compromise and data leakage. The severity of this vulnerability is heightened by the fact that it can cause transient interruptions in service, disrupting operations and possibly leading to unauthorized access.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-21463
Severity: High (CVSS score 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Wireless Router | All versions
Network Access Point | All versions

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by sending a specifically crafted beacon frame that includes a malformed EHT operation IE. When a vulnerable device receives this beacon frame, it attempts to process the malformed EHT operation IE. This process results in a transient denial-of-service condition that could interrupt network operations and potentially allow an attacker to gain unauthorized access to the system or data.

Conceptual Example Code

The following pseudocode describes a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

import beaconFrame
def exploit(target_ip):
malformed_eht = create_malformed_eht()
frame = beaconFrame.create(malformed_eht)
send_beacon_frame(target_ip, frame)
def create_malformed_eht():
# Create a malformed EHT operation IE
eht = EHT_Operation_IE()
eht.malform()
return eht
def send_beacon_frame(target_ip, frame):
# Send the malformed beacon frame to the target
network.send(target_ip, frame)

Please note that the above code is pseudocode and is not intended for actual use. Its only purpose is to conceptually illustrate how the vulnerability could be exploited.