Author: Ameeba

Overview

The cybersecurity vulnerability CVE-2025-48299 pertains to the YayCommerce YayExtra platform, which suffers from Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command (‘SQL Injection’). This issue may lead to unauthorized system access or potential data leakage, affecting all versions up to and including 1.5.5. Given the widespread use of YayCommerce YayExtra, addressing this vulnerability is of utmost importance to maintain system integrity and data security.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48299
Severity: High, CVSS score 7.6
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized system access, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

YayCommerce YayExtra | up to and including 1.5.5

How the Exploit Works

This vulnerability arises from the application’s failure to properly neutralize special elements used in an SQL command. An attacker can exploit this by injecting malicious SQL code into the application, which the application then executes unknowingly. This exploit can lead to unauthorized access to the system or potential data leakage, as the malicious actor can manipulate the database to their advantage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using an HTTP request:

POST /yayExtra/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
userid=1; DROP TABLE users;

In this example, the attacker injects the SQL command `DROP TABLE users;` which can potentially delete the users’ table from the database if executed. The actual malicious payload would depend on the attacker’s intent and the specific database structure.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the patch provided by the vendor. As a temporary measure, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and prevent SQL injection attempts. Furthermore, it is crucial to sanitize user inputs within the application to neutralize any potentially harmful elements.

Overview

This report details the technical aspects of an SQL Injection vulnerability found in YayCommerce’s YaySMTP software. The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-48161, could potentially give malicious actors access to sensitive system data or even compromise the system entirely. It is of utmost importance for those utilizing YaySMTP, particularly versions up to and including 1.3, to understand and address this vulnerability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48161
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

YaySMTP | up to and including 1.3

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from the application’s improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command. This lack of neutralization allows an attacker to manipulate SQL queries by injecting malicious SQL code. This could potentially lead to unauthorized viewing, modification, or deletion of data in the backend database.

Conceptual Example Code

A conceptual example of the exploit might look like the following HTTP request, where the “malicious_payload” is an SQL command that the vulnerable system executes:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "user_input": "'; DROP TABLE users; --" }

In this example, the malicious SQL command `’; DROP TABLE users; –` is injected into the “user_input” field. The SQL command terminates the current SQL statement (with `’;`), then issues a new command to drop the “users” table (with `DROP TABLE users;`), and finally comments out the rest of the original SQL statement (with `–`).

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as possible. In the meantime, or if the patch cannot be applied immediately, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help mitigate the vulnerability.

Overview

The cybersecurity vulnerability CVE-2025-53959 affects JetBrains YouTrack versions before 2025.2.86069, 2024.3.85077, and 2025.1.86199. This vulnerability could permit email spoofing via an administrative API, leading to system compromise or data leakage. The potential impact of this vulnerability makes it critical for users and administrators to apply the necessary patches to secure their systems.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53959
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

JetBrains YouTrack | before 2025.2.86069, 2024.3.85077, 2025.1.86199

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of an email spoofing vulnerability in the administrative API of JetBrains YouTrack. An attacker with low privileges could potentially manipulate the API to send fraudulent emails appearing to come from legitimate sources, thus gaining unauthorized access or extracting sensitive data from the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a hypothetical example of how an HTTP request exploiting this vulnerability might look:

POST /api/admin/emailSpoof HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"spoof_email": "admin@legitimate.com",
"target_email": "victim@target.com",
"message": "Please click the following link to reset your password: maliciouslink.com"
}

Mitigation Guidance

Users and administrators are strongly advised to apply the vendor patch provided by JetBrains. For temporary mitigation, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help identify and block malicious requests exploiting this vulnerability. However, these are not long-term solutions and updating to a secure version of the software is highly recommended.

Overview

This report provides an in-depth analysis of a significant local privilege escalation vulnerability in One Identity Password Manager’s Secure Password extension. This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-27582, has the potential to put a wide range of systems at risk, allowing an attacker with access to a locked workstation to gain SYSTEM-level privileges and obtain full control over the affected device. Given the high severity of this vulnerability, understanding its implications, and implementing appropriate mitigation measures is of paramount importance.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27582
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Local
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

One Identity Password Manager | Before 5.14.4

How the Exploit Works

The issue arises from a flawed security hardening mechanism within the kiosk browser used to display the Password Self-Service site to end users. The application attempts to restrict privileged actions by overriding the native window.print() function. However, this protection can be bypassed by an attacker who accesses the Password Self-Service site from the lock screen and navigates to an attacker-controlled webpage via the Help function. By hosting a crafted web page with JavaScript, the attacker can restore and invoke the window.print() function, launching a SYSTEM-privileged print dialog. From this dialog, the attacker can exploit standard Windows functionality – such as the Print to PDF or Add Printer wizard – to spawn a command prompt with SYSTEM privileges.

Conceptual Example Code

The following JavaScript code is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited:

// Bypass the overridden window.print function
var originalPrint = window.print;
window.print = function() {
// Restore the original print function
window.print = originalPrint;
// Invoke the SYSTEM-privileged print dialog
window.print();
};

This code would be hosted on an attacker-controlled webpage, which the attacker would trick the user into navigating to via the Password Self-Service site’s Help function.

Overview

A significant vulnerability has been identified in Advantech’s iView software, widely used in the industrial automation sector. This vulnerability, assigned as CVE-2025-48891, allows for SQL injection, potentially exposing sensitive information and causing systems to malfunction. Given the potential for system compromise or data leakage, understanding and addressing this vulnerability is essential for all users of Advantech iView.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48891
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: User level
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Advantech iView | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the CUtils.checkSQLInjection() function in the Advantech iView software, which fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input. An attacker can exploit this weakness by injecting malicious SQL commands into the system via this function, potentially leading to unauthorized access, data disclosure, or triggering a denial-of-service condition.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This could be a sample HTTP request with an SQL injection payload.

POST /iview/checkSQLInjection HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=' OR '1'='1';--&password=

In the above example, the SQL injection payload `’ OR ‘1’=’1′;–` forces the SQL query to always return `true`, potentially bypassing authentication mechanisms and granting unauthorized access.

Recommended Mitigations

To address this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch as soon as possible. In the meantime, users can use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as temporary mitigation. Regular updates and strong security practices can also help in preventing these types of vulnerabilities.

Overview

A significant vulnerability, CVE-2025-53378, has been detected in Trend Micro’s Worry-Free Business Security Services (WFBSS). This weakness primarily impacts the SaaS client version of WFBSS and could allow an unauthenticated attacker to gain remote control of the agent on affected installations. The potential for system compromise or data leakage makes this vulnerability a serious concern for businesses using the affected software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53378
Severity: High (7.6 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Trend Micro Worry-Free Business Security Services (WFBSS) SaaS client | Pre-monthly maintenance update

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability arises from a missing authentication process in the WFBSS agent. This absence of a critical security step allows an unauthenticated attacker to send specific commands to the agent remotely, potentially gaining full control of the affected system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. An attacker might send a malicious command to the WFBSS agent, such as:

POST /agent/control HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "command": "gain_full_access", "authentication": "none" }

In this conceptual example, the malicious payload does not require an authentication token, which would typically be necessary to prevent unauthorized control of the agent.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, businesses are advised to apply the vendor patch provided in a WFBSS monthly maintenance update. As a temporary measure, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help to block malicious traffic attempting to exploit this vulnerability. It’s important to note that no further action is required for businesses that have already applied the mentioned update.

Overview

CVE-2025-53169 is a critical vulnerability that allows attackers to bypass the process to start SA and use related functions on distributed cameras without user consent. This vulnerability puts the privacy and security of individuals and establishments at risk, as malicious actors could potentially gain unauthorized access to cameras, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53169
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access to cameras, potential system compromise or data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Distributed Camera Systems | All versions prior to patch

How the Exploit Works

An attacker exploiting this vulnerability would be able to bypass the start SA process on distributed camera systems, allowing them to access and use the camera functions without the user’s knowledge. This could be achieved by sending specially crafted network packets to the vulnerable device. Once the bypass is successful, the attacker gains control over the camera, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how this exploit might work. This example represents a malicious network packet that could potentially be used to bypass the start SA process:

POST /startSA/bypass HTTP/1.1
Host: targetcamera.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "bypass_payload": "encoded_exploit_command" }

Please note that this is a simplified example and actual exploitation would require detailed knowledge of the specific distributed camera system and its vulnerabilities.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to promptly apply the vendor’s patch to remediate this vulnerability. As temporary mitigation, deploying Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may help detect and prevent attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-27461 is a serious security issue that affects EPC2 Windows devices. In essence, during device startup, the system automatically logs in the EPC2 Windows user without requesting a password. This flaw exposes the system to potential unauthorized access, resulting in system compromise or data leakage. It is essential for organizations using EPC2 Windows devices to understand this vulnerability and take necessary mitigation actions.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27461
Severity: High (CVSS 7.6)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage as a result of unauthenticated access.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

EPC2 Windows Devices | All Versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an insecure configuration during device startup. When an EPC2 Windows device is booting up, it automatically logs in the user without the necessity for a password. An attacker exploiting this vulnerability could gain unauthorized access to the system, manipulate system settings, install malicious software, or exfiltrate sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Given the nature of this vulnerability, it is not easily represented with code. Conceptually, an attacker would need physical or network access at the exact time of device startup. The attacker can then interact with the system as the automatically logged-in user, without any need for authentication. They could, for example, initiate a remote command to execute malicious activities:

$ ssh EPC2User@target.example.com
$ run_malicious_script.sh

Mitigation Guidance

Vendors are advised to issue patches that address this vulnerability by ensuring password request during device startup. Meanwhile, organizations can use Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) as temporary mitigation to detect and prevent potential exploitation attempts. Regular system audits and monitoring can also help identify any unauthorized activities.

Overview

The vulnerability, coded as CVE-2025-27460, is a significant security flaw that arises from the lack of full volume encryption in the device’s hard drives. This vulnerability primarily affects devices operating Windows OS, where BitLocker or similar encryption features are not utilized. The gravity of this vulnerability lies in its potential to compromise systems and leak sensitive data, especially when an attacker obtains physical access to the device.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-27460
Severity: High (CVSS Score: 7.6)
Attack Vector: Physical
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Microsoft Windows | All versions without full disk encryption

How the Exploit Works

This exploit takes advantage of the lack of full volume encryption on the device’s hard drives. In the case of this vulnerability, an attacker with physical access to the device can use an alternative operating system to interact with the hard drives directly, bypassing the Windows login mechanism completely. This allows the attacker to read from and write to all files on the hard drives, leading to potential system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The exploit does not require any coding as it is based on physical access and manipulation of the device’s hard drive. The attacker might use a bootable USB device with an alternative operating system to bypass the Windows login, as shown in the conceptual steps below:
1. Plug in a bootable USB device with alternative OS.
2. Restart the device and boot from the USB.
3. Access the internal hard drive contents directly.
4. Read or modify files as needed.

# Example shell commands on the alternative OS
cd /media/hard_drive
ls -la # list all files
cat /path/to/sensitive/file # read a sensitive file
echo "malicious_data" > /path/to/affected/file # write to a file

This would effectively compromise the system and potentially leak sensitive data.

Overview

The Sight Bulb Pro, a popular device in the smart home industry, has been discovered to have a critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-6521. During the initial setup, the device broadcasts an access point with AES encryption keys passed in cleartext. This flaw can potentially expose sensitive information, such as network credentials, if intercepted by an attacker.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6521
Severity: High Risk – CVSS Score: 7.6
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Sight Bulb Pro | All versions prior to Vendor Patch

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the initial setup of the Sight Bulb Pro device where it broadcasts an access point. The device sends AES encryption keys in cleartext which can be captured by an attacker within the network. With these keys, an attacker can decrypt communications between the management app and the Sight Bulb Pro, potentially gaining access to sensitive information such as network credentials.

Conceptual Example Code

An attacker could monitor network traffic during the initial setup of the device and capture the unencrypted AES keys. This could be done using a packet sniffing tool like Wireshark:

$ sudo wireshark -i wlan0 -k -Y 'wlan.fc.type_subtype == 0x08'

This command starts Wireshark on the wlan0 interface, captures packets, and filters for beacon frames broadcast by the Sight Bulb Pro during setup. The attacker could then analyze the captured traffic for the unencrypted AES keys.

Mitigation

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it’s available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation. These systems should be configured to monitor for suspicious network traffic and potential exploitation of this vulnerability.