Author: Ameeba

Overview

This report discusses CVE-2025-52492, a critical vulnerability discovered in the firmware of Paxton Paxton10 versions prior to 4.6 SR6. This vulnerability is of significant concern as it could potentially lead to unauthorized access, information disclosure, and disruption of services. The vulnerability lies in the hard-coded credentials for the Twilio API found in the firmware file, rootfs.tar.gz.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52492
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Unauthorized access, information disclosure, potential service disruption, and unauthorized use of Twilio services.

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Paxton Paxton10 Firmware | Versions before 4.6 SR6

How the Exploit Works

An attacker who obtains a copy of the vulnerable firmware can extract the hard-coded credentials for the Twilio API. These credentials can then be used to gain unauthorized access to the associated Twilio account. This could lead to a variety of impacts, including information disclosure, potential service disruption, and unauthorized use of the Twilio services.

Conceptual Example Code

Consider an attacker obtaining a copy of the firmware and running the following command to extract the hard-coded credentials:

tar -xvf rootfs.tar.gz | grep -i 'Twilio'

This command would extract the contents of the firmware file and search for any instances of ‘Twilio’, potentially revealing the hard-coded credentials.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-48367 has been identified affecting Redis, an open-source, in-memory database system that persists on disk. The vulnerability is significant as it enables an unauthenticated connection to trigger repeated IP protocol errors, resulting in client starvation and a denial of service. This risk of potential system compromise or data leakage makes it crucial for system administrators and cybersecurity professionals to address this issue promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-48367
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Denial of service leading to potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Redis | < 8.0.3 Redis | < 7.4.5 Redis | < 7.2.10 Redis | < 6.2.19 How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability exists due to a lack of proper authentication when establishing a connection with the Redis database. An attacker can exploit this by creating an unauthenticated connection, causing the system to generate repeated IP protocol errors. These errors can lead to client starvation, where legitimate client requests are not processed. Over time, this can exhaust the system’s resources, leading to a denial of service. This process can potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how an attacker might exploit this vulnerability through a network connection:

CONNECT target.example.com:6379
SEND { "malicious_payload": "trigger IP protocol errors" }

The above pseudocode implies that an attacker is forming a connection to the vulnerable Redis server and sending a malicious payload designed to trigger IP protocol errors, leading to a DoS condition.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-26780 is a serious security flaw found in Samsung Mobile Processor and Modem Exynos 2400 and Modem 5400. This vulnerability can cause a Denial of Service (DoS) attack, potentially compromising system security or causing data leakage. It is critical that this vulnerability is addressed promptly to prevent any potential damage.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-26780
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Samsung Mobile Processor Exynos 2400 | All Versions
Samsung Modem 5400 | All Versions

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability works by sending a malformed PDCP packet to the target system. The Samsung Mobile Processor and Modem Exynos 2400 and Modem 5400 lack a length check for these packets. When a malformed packet is received, it causes the system to crash, leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack.

Conceptual Example Code

The following is a conceptual example of a malicious PDCP packet sent to exploit the vulnerability. This is not an actual code, but a representation of how a potential attack might occur.

# Pseudo command to send a malformed PDCP packet
send_packet --target target.example.com --port 1234 --packet "{ 'malformed_pdcp_packet': '...' }"

This packet, when processed by the vulnerable Samsung Mobile Processor and Modem, would cause a system crash leading to a Denial of Service. In some situations, it could also lead to system compromise or data leakage.

Mitigation Guidance

The primary mitigation for this vulnerability is to apply the vendor patch provided by Samsung. If the patch cannot be applied immediately, a temporary mitigation could be to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect and block malformed PDCP packets.

Overview

The CVE-2025-6714 vulnerability is a critical flaw in MongoDB Server’s mongos component. This issue affects MongoDB servers configured with load balancer support, potentially causing system compromise or data leakage. The vulnerability is of high importance due to its severity score of 7.5, and its potential impact on data integrity and system availability.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-6714
Severity: High (CVSS: 7.5)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MongoDB Server v6.0 | Prior to 6.0.23
MongoDB Server v7.0 | Prior to 7.0.20
MongoDB Server v8.0 | Prior to 8.0.9

How the Exploit Works

The exploit leverages the incorrect handling of incomplete data in MongoDB’s mongos component. A malicious entity can exploit this by sending incomplete data to the server, causing it to become unresponsive to new connections. This could potentially lead to a system compromise or data leakage, particularly in environments where MongoDB is configured with load balancer support.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited, assuming the attacker has network access to the MongoDB server:

$ echo -n "incomplete_data_packet" | nc target.mongo.server.com 27017

In this example, “incomplete_data_packet” stands for data deliberately designed to exploit the incorrect data handling in MongoDB’s mongos component. The netcat (`nc`) command is used to send this data to the MongoDB server, potentially causing it to become unresponsive to new connections.
Please note that this is a conceptual example and might not work in a real-world scenario without modifications specific to the target environment. Always follow ethical guidelines when testing for vulnerabilities.

Overview

The vulnerability, identified as CVE-2023-51232, affects the Dagster web server versions up to 1.5.11. This Directory Traversal vulnerability allows remote attackers to access sensitive information by sending a specifically crafted request to the /logs endpoint. Given its potential for system compromise or data leakage, this vulnerability is of significant concern.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2023-51232
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise and potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

dagster-webserver | Up to 1.5.11

How the Exploit Works

The exploit works by taking advantage of a Directory Traversal vulnerability in the Dagster web server. Attackers send a specially crafted request to the /logs endpoint of the server. This request can potentially access any file whose name begins with a dot (‘.’), potentially revealing sensitive system or user information.

Conceptual Example Code

An example of how the vulnerability might be exploited could look like this:

GET /logs/../.sensitivefile HTTP/1.1
Host: vulnerable.example.com

In the above example, the attacker sends a GET request to the /logs endpoint, using the directory traversal sequence (../) to attempt to access a file in another directory. If successful, this request could return the contents of a sensitive file (in this case, .sensitivefile).

Mitigation Guidance

To mitigate this vulnerability, users are advised to apply the vendor patch as soon as it becomes available. In the interim, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) may provide temporary protection against attempts to exploit this vulnerability.

Overview

A critical authentication bypass vulnerability has been identified in the Production Environment extension of Netmake’s ScriptCase, specifically version 9.12.006 (23). This vulnerability, if exploited, could allow an unauthenticated attacker to take over the administrator account, potentially leading to system compromise or data leakage. Given its severity and potential impact, immediate attention and mitigation are necessary.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-47227
Severity: High – CVSS Score: 7.5
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise, potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Netmake ScriptCase Production Environment Extension| Through 9.12.006 (23)

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability resides in the password reset mechanism for the administrator account in the Production Environment extension of Netmake ScriptCase. An attacker can bypass authentication by making both a GET and POST request to login.php. This allows the attacker to potentially reset the administrator password, taking over the administrator account, and gaining full system access.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited using HTTP requests:

GET /login.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
POST /login.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
username=admin&password=newpassword

In this example, the attacker first sends a GET request to ‘login.php’, followed by a POST request, effectively bypassing the authentication mechanism and changing the password of the ‘admin’ account.

Mitigation Guidance

The best course of action is to apply the patch provided by the vendor as soon as it becomes available. Until then, as a temporary mitigation, it is recommended to use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to monitor and potentially block malicious requests. Regularly monitoring system logs for any suspicious activity is also a prudent step.

Overview

The vulnerability CVE-2025-53603 affects the Alinto SOPE SOGo version 2.0.2 through 5.12.2. This vulnerability is a result of a NULL pointer dereference, which can cause an unexpected application crash. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to compromise the system or potentially leak sensitive data.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53603
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or potential data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Alinto SOPE SOGo | 2.0.2 through 5.12.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability stems from the application’s mishandling of duplicate parameters in POST requests and the query string. When the application encounters a duplicate parameter, it causes a NULL pointer dereference, leading to a crash. An attacker can exploit this by sending a specially crafted request that includes a duplicate parameter in the query string and the POST body.

Conceptual Example Code

While the exact details of the exploit are proprietary, here’s an illustrative example of how a rogue HTTP request might be constructed:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
parameter1=value1&parameter2=value2&parameter1=value1

In this example, `parameter1` is a duplicate in the POST body, and if included in the query string, it could trigger the vulnerability.

Mitigation Guidance

Users are strongly recommended to apply the latest vendor patches to their Alinto SOPE SOGo application. As a temporary mitigation, a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can help detect and block exploit attempts. However, these measures are not a substitute for patching the vulnerability at the application level.

Overview

The vulnerability, CVE-2025-53485, is a critical flaw that allows unauthenticated users to manipulate election-related translation text in MediaWiki’s SecurePoll extension. This could potentially lead to system compromise or data leakage, impacting the integrity of the election process in the MediaWiki platform.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53485
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: System compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

MediaWiki SecurePoll extension | 1.39.X before 1.39.13
MediaWiki SecurePoll extension | 1.42.X before 1.42.7
MediaWiki SecurePoll extension | 1.43.X before 1.43.2

How the Exploit Works

The vulnerability emerges from the lack of validation in SetTranslationHandler.php. This flaw allows even unauthenticated users to change election-related translation text. This could potentially allow an attacker to manipulate election data or leak sensitive information.

Conceptual Example Code

Below is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. This is a sample HTTP POST request that changes the translation text in the SecurePoll extension.

POST /wiki/api.php?action=securepoll-translate&message=electionName&translation=NewTranslation HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
{ "malicious_payload": "..." }

In this example, the `electionName` is being changed to `NewTranslation` without requiring any authentication. This could potentially allow an attacker to manipulate election names or other related data, causing significant disruption and potential compromise.

Mitigation

Users of the affected versions of MediaWiki’s SecurePoll extension should upgrade to the latest patched versions immediately. If upgrading is not an immediate option, use of a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can provide temporary mitigation.

Overview

The CVE-2025-53481 pertains to a severe uncontrolled resource consumption flaw found in the IPInfo Extension of Wikimedia Foundation’s Mediawiki. This vulnerability opens up the potential for system compromise and data leakage. Given the widespread use of Mediawiki across various platforms, it is crucial to address this vulnerability promptly.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-53481
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Impact: Potential system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

Mediawiki – IPInfo Extension | 1.39.X before 1.39.13
Mediawiki – IPInfo Extension | 1.42.X before 1.42.7
Mediawiki – IPInfo Extension | 1.43.X before 1.43.2

How the Exploit Works

The uncontrolled resource consumption vulnerability in the IPInfo extension of Mediawiki allows attackers to cause excessive resource allocation. This is achieved by sending specially crafted requests to the vulnerable application, which subsequently leads to the overconsumption of system resources. If left unchecked, this could lead to a denial of service state, potential system compromise, or data leakage.

Conceptual Example Code

Here is a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, a malicious actor could send a HTTP request with a crafted payload that exploits the vulnerability:

POST /mediawiki/ipinfo/ HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{
"ipinfo_request": "8.8.8.8",
"excessive_allocation": "1"*10000000
}

In the above example, the “excessive_allocation” field is filled with a large string, leading to excessive resource allocation. Ensure to patch this vulnerability or use a WAF/IDS as temporary mitigation.

Overview

This report provides an analysis of the critical Path Traversal vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-52805 in VaultDweller Leyka software. The vulnerability affects versions up to and including 3.31.9. The exploitation of this vulnerability can lead to potential system compromise or data leakage. As the Leyka software is widely used, the impact of this vulnerability is significant and warrants immediate attention.

Vulnerability Summary

CVE ID: CVE-2025-52805
Severity: High (7.5 CVSS Score)
Attack Vector: Network
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Impact: Possible system compromise or data leakage

Affected Products

Product | Affected Versions

VaultDweller Leyka | Up to and including 3.31.9

How the Exploit Works

The exploit takes advantage of a Path Traversal vulnerability in VaultDweller Leyka, which allows PHP Local File Inclusion (LFI). An attacker can manipulate variables that reference files with “dot-dot-slash (../)” sequences and its variations such as “http://” or “ftp://” to access arbitrary files and directories stored on the system. This could potentially lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information, or even system compromise.

Conceptual Example Code

Here’s a conceptual example of how the vulnerability might be exploited. In this case, the attacker sends a POST request to a vulnerable endpoint with a malicious payload:

POST /vulnerable/endpoint HTTP/1.1
Host: target.example.com
Content-Type: application/json
{ "file": "../../etc/passwd" }

In this example, the attacker attempts to retrieve the ‘/etc/passwd’ file, which contains user account details on the system. If successful, this could lead to further attacks.

Mitigation Guidance

The recommended course of action is to apply the vendor-supplied patch. If that’s not immediately possible, implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) or Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can serve as a temporary mitigation measure. Regular system monitoring and updates should be part of the ongoing security strategy to prevent such vulnerabilities in the future.